MeSH Semantic Type: Organic Chemical [T109]

(3-Iodo-(131I)benzyl)guanidine [M0029374]

(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride [M0013150]
A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.

(R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol [M0024710]
A dopamine D1 receptor antagonist that has no effect or only very limited effect on dopamine D2 receptors. The compound has tranquilizing effects, inhibits conditioned avoidance response, impairs memory acquisition, produces dose-dependent catalepsy, blocks central serotonin receptors, and reduces the lethal effects of cocaine.

1,2,4,5-Tetraoxanes [M0448811]

1,2-Benzoquinones [M0024778]

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine [M0029409]
A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.

1,3-Diphenylpropanediones [M0456659]
Compounds based on oxidized CHALCONE.

1,4-Benzoquinones [M0024779]

1,5-Deoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol [M0026527]

1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol [M0329225]

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine [M0028749]
A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.

1-Deoxymannojirimycin [M0026525]

1-Deoxynojirimycin [M0026526]
An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity.

1-Deoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride [M0329224]

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine [M0023168]
A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine [M0023971]
A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium [M0023993]
An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Chloride [M0331307]

1-Naphthylamine [M0023169]
A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate [M0023170]
A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.

1-Oxacephalosporin [M0014144]

1-Propanol [M0000657]
A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

11-cis-Retinal [M0018958]

11-cis-Retinol [M0370290]

13-cis-Acitretin [M0026178]

19,583 RP [M0351745]

2,2'-Dipyridyl [M0023198]
A reagent used for the determination of iron.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine [M0362415]
A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.

2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutane [M0006615]

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate [M0029370]
A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508)

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate, (D)-Isomer [M0329117]

2,3-Diphosphoglyceric Acid [M0029371]

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid [M0023202]
An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonate [M0022002]

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid [M0023201]
An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Ammonium Salt [M0329499]

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Lithium Salt [M0329501]

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Potassium Salt [M0329498]

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, Sodium Salt [M0329500]

2,4-Dinitrophenol [M0028729]
A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed)

2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonate [M0003168]

2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonic Acid [M0003169]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine [M0006747]
A psychedelic phenyl isopropylamine derivative, commonly called DOM, whose mood-altering effects and mechanism of action may be similar to those of LSD.

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330396]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0330399]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0330400]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330395]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (R)-Isomer [M0330397]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (S)-Isomer [M0330398]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, Hydrochloride [M0330394]

2,6-Dichloroindophenol [M0023203]
A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.

2-Acetylaminofluorene [M0023186]
A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.

2-Aminopurine [M0023189]
A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).

2-Bromoergocryptine Mesylate [M0002949]

2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide [M0023190]
A chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. Used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. Sometimes referred to as Koshland's reagent.

2-Hydroxyphenethylamine [M0023191]
Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry.

2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate [M0023194]

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid [M0013151]
A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.

2-Methylpyridine 2-Benzimidazole Sulfoxides [M0496553]

2-Naphthylamine [M0023197]
A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.

2-Propanol [M0029450]
An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles [M0496552]
Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.

20-Methylcholanthrene [M0013622]

2589 R.B. [M0353997]

2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dime [M0019226]
Proposed catecholamine depletor.

3'-Chloroacetophenone [M0363297]

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine [M0023226]

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine [M0023227]
A material used in the manufacture of azo dyes that is toxic to skin and carcinogenic in several species.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans [M0029556]
A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21)

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monohydr [M0329056]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329051]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329058]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329050]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1R-cis [M0329053]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1S-cis [M0329052]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans) [M0329057]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans) [M0329055]

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid [M0023228]
A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid, Monosodium Salt [M0331208]

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine [M0023232]
An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.

3-Hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan [M0012436]

3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid [M0023218]
An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.

3-Hydroxybutyrate [M0029885]

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid [M0029884]
BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver and occurs at high levels in the blood and urine in KETOSIS. (From Dorland's, 28th ed)

3-Iodobenzylguanidine [M0029373]
A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine, 123I Labeled [M0331309]

3-Iodobenzylguanidine, 125I Labeled [M0331308]

3-Mercaptopropionic Acid [M0023220]
An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.

3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol [M0023222]
Metabolite of serotonin and norepinephrine.

3-Nitro-10 [M0352109]

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethy [M0002232]
A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.

33 A 74 [M0353761]

3MC [M0013623]

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid [M0027010]
An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.

4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine [M0373905]
A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.

4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone [M0019225]
Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid [M0019908]
A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0329725]

4-Aminobenzoic Acid [M0015714]
A member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. It used to be common in SUNSCREENING AGENTS until found to also be a sensitizer. The potassium salt is used therapeutically in fibrotic skin disorders.

4-Aminopyridine [M0024148]
One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, with secondary effect on calcium currents, which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.

4-Aminopyridine Sustained Release [M0455963]

4-Butyrolactone [M0023238]
One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.

4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan [M0014530]
A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.

4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate [M0004172]
A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.

4-Epitetracycline [M0021214]

4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide [M0023239]
A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.

4-Hydroxybenzoic Acids [M0015857]

4-Hydroxycoumarins [M0023241]
Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide [M0023243]
A potent mutagen and carcinogen. This compound and its metabolite 4-HYDROXYAMINOQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE bind to nucleic acids. It inactivates bacteria but not bacteriophage.

4-Quinolones [M0441453]
QUINOLONES containing a 4-oxo (a carbonyl in the para position to the nitrogen). They inhibit the A subunit of DNA GYRASE and are used as antimicrobials. Second generation 4-quinoloines are also substituted with a 1-piperazinyl group at the 7-position and a fluorine at the 6-position.

4306-CB [M0372326]

5,5'-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic Acid) [M0006619]

5,5'-Dithiobis(nitrobenzoate) [M0006620]

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine [M0023255]
Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine [M0023256]
Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine Creatine Sulfate [M0023257]

5-Amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole [M0352073]
A nitrovinyl furan used as a schistosomicidal agent and proposed for trypanosomiasis, especially Chagas disease.

5-Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate [M0004522]

5-Methoxytryptamine [M0013607]
Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.

53-32C [M0353428]

566C [M0173852]

566C80 [M0173853]

6-Aminonicotinamide [M0023261]
A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.

6-Cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline [M0329174]

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione [M0028085]
A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.

6029-M [M0352881]

6059-S [M0351098]

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide [M0023264]
7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.

7-epi-Taxol [M0026155]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin [M0026382]
A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide [M0329197]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (+-)-Isomer [M0329203]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (R)-Isomer, [M0329198]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (S)-Isomer, [M0329199]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer, [M0329195]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329196]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (+-)-Isomer [M0329200]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (R)-Isomer [M0329201]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (S)-Isomer [M0329202]

8-MOP [M0392719]

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene [M0023271]
7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.

99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinate [M0029350]

A-23187 [M0353609]

A-272 [M0352042]

A-56268 [M0352016]

A-Ba-C-50,005 [M0017538]

Aarane [M0353583]

AB-Piperacillin [M0474843]

Abactal [M0353996]

Abactrim [M0024004]

Abbott 46811 [M0351070]

Abbott-48999 [M0351051]

Abbott-50192 [M0351048]

Abrohexal [M0451771]

Abscisic Acid [M0000061]
Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.

Abscisic Acid Monoammonium Salt, (R)-Isomer [M0330680]

Abscisic Acid, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330738]

Abscisic Acid, (E,E)-(+-)-Isomer [M0330679]

Abscisic Acid, (E,Z)-(+,-)-Isomer [M0330678]

Abscisic Acid, (R)-Isomer [M0330677]

Abscisic Acid, (Z,E)-Isomer [M0330737]

Absolok [M0373282]

Absolute Alcohol [M0000654]

ABT 538 [M0373924]

Acamol [M0000117]

Accurbron [M0353807]

Accutane [M0023833]

Acebutolol [M0000100]
A cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.

Acebutolol Heumann [M0431309]

Acebutolol Hydrochloride [M0331293]

Ac�butolol-ratiopharm [M0431312]

Acecainide [M0000193]
A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.

Acecainide Hydrochloride [M0000194]

Acedapsone [M0000103]
Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.

Acemethadone [M0351996]

Acenaphthenes [M0000104]
Tricyclic ethylene-bridged naphthalene derivatives. They are found in petroleum residues and coal tar and used as dye intermediates, in the manufacture of plastics, and in insecticides and fungicides.

Acenocoumarol [M0000105]
A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233)

Acephen [M0418290]

Acepromazine [M0000107]
A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.

Acepromazine Maleate [M0330684]

Acetaco [M0000114]

Acetadiazol [M0431655]

Acetaldehyde [M0000111]
A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.

Acetals [M0000112]

Acetamides [M0000113]
Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis.

Acetaminophen [M0000115]
Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

Acetanilides [M0000123]
Compounds based on N-phenylacetamide, that are similar in structure to 2-PHENYLACETAMIDES. They are precursors of many other compounds. They were formerly used as ANALGESICS and ANTIPYRETICS, but often caused lethal METHEMOGLOBINEMIA.

Acetates [M0000125]
Salts or esters of acetic acid in which the terminal hydrogen atom is replaced by a metal, for instance copper acetate Cu(CH3COO)2, or where substitution is by a radical, for instance ethyl acetate CH3COOC2H5. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Acetazolam [M0431657]

Acetazolamide [M0000127]
One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)

Acetazolamide Sodium, (Sterile) [M0000128]

Acetazolamide, Monosodium Salt [M0330686]

Acetic Acid [M0028791]
Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Acetic Acid Esters [M0000126]

Acetic Acids [M0000132]
Acetic acid and its derivatives which may be formed by substitution reactions. Mono- and di-substituted, as well as halogenated compounds have been synthesized.

Acetic Anhydrides [M0000133]
Compounds used extensively as acetylation, oxidation and dehydrating agents and in the modification of proteins and enzymes.

Acetilcolina Cusi [M0431673]

Acetoacetates [M0000134]
Salts and derivatives of acetoacetic acid.

Acetohexamide [M0000136]
A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.

Acetone [M0000142]
A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis.

Acetone Bodies [M0011992]

Acetonitriles [M0000143]
Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.

Acetophenones [M0000144]

Acetopt [M0475852]

Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene [M0000145]
An alkylating agent that forms DNA ADDUCTS at the C-8 position in GUANINE, resulting in single strand breaks. It has demonstrated carcinogenic action.

Acetrizoate Sodium [M0000152]

Acetrizoic Acid [M0000146]
An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY.

Acetyl-beta-methylcholine [M0024754]

Acetyl-L-Carnitine [M0000163]

Acetylaminofluorene [M0023187]

Acetylcarnitine [M0000161]
An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

Acetylcarnitine, (R)-Isomer [M0330692]

Acetylcholine [M0000165]
A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications.

Acetylcholine Bromide [M0049582]

Acetylcholine Chloride [M0049840]

Acetylcholine Fluoride [M0330698]

Acetylcholine Hydroxide [M0330695]

Acetylcholine Iodide [M0330693]

Acetylcholine L-Tartrate [M0330700]

Acetylcholine Perchlorate [M0330701]

Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1) [M0330699]

Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1) [M0330694]

Acetylene [M0000186]

Acetylthiocholine [M0000196]
An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.

Acetysal [M0001870]

Achromycin [M0350841]

Achromycin V [M0021218]

Acids, Acyclic [M0000221]
Carboxylic acids that have open-chain molecular structures as opposed to ring-shaped structures.

Acids, Aldehydic [M0000222]
Dicarboxylic acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-COOH) has been replaced by an aldehyde group (-CHO).

Acids, Carbocyclic [M0000223]
Carboxylic acids that have a homocyclic ring structure in which all the ring atoms are carbon.

Acids, Heterocyclic [M0000224]
A class of acids containing a ring structure in which at least one atom other than CARBON is incorporated.

Acifugan [M0353575]

Acitretin [M0026177]
An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.

Acitretin, (Z,E,E,E)-Isomer [M0329348]

Aclacin [M0431771]

Aclaplastin [M0431772]

Aclarubicin [M0023487]
An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.

Aclin [M0476023]

Aconitic Acid [M0000235]

Aconitine [M0000236]
A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates voltage-gated SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIA in experimental animals and it has antiinflammatory and antineuralgic properties.

Acrichine [M0018331]

Acrichine Yperite [M0351955]

Acridine Orange [M0000247]
A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.

Acridines [M0000249]

Acriflavine [M0000250]
3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.

Acriflavine Dihydrochloride [M0330709]

Acriflavine Trichydrochloride [M0330710]

Acrolactine [M0007805]

Acrolein [M0000260]

Acron [M0353336]

Acronine [M0000264]
A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants.

Acrylamide [M0029842]
A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. It is primarily used in research laboratories for electrophoresis, chromatography, and electron microscopy and in the sewage and wastewater treatment industries.

Acrylamides [M0000268]
Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.

Acrylates [M0000269]

Acrylic Bone Cement [M0029563]

Acrylonitrile [M0000271]
A highly poisonous compound used widely in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and synthetic rubber.

Actidil [M0022016]

Actidione [M0372337]

Actihaemyl [M0000273]
An extract from calf blood containing inorganic salts, amino acids, polypeptides and purines, but no proteins nor antigenic substances or blood group characteristics. Its exact composition is unknown. It has been proposed as a radiation-protective agent.

Actimoxi [M0454524]

Actinex [M0352311]

Acular [M0333554]

Acupan [M0014550]

Acylpyrin [M0001871]

Adalat [M0014849]

Adamantane [M0000336]
A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.

Adancor [M0463082]

Adaptic [M0329216]
Trade name for Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate Homopolymer

Adaquin [M0474990]

Adebit [M0350939]

Adekin [M0432249]

Adipex-P [M0016533]

Adipic Acids [M0000424]
A group of dicarboxylic acids that are structurally related to hexanedioic acid (adipic acid). (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Admon [M0463280]

ADR-529 [M0363547]

Adrenaline Bitartrate [M0362233]

Adrenaline Hydrochloride [M0007582]

Adrenam [M0477834]

Adrenochrome [M0000498]
Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.

Adriablastine [M0006788]

Adriamycin [M0006785]

Adrimedac [M0479790]

Adumbran [M0353487]

Advantage-S [M0418447]
A spermicidal contraceptive vaginal gel that contains nonoxynol-9 (N-9), available without prescription

Aequamen [M0002429]

Aerolate [M0353810]

Aerosol OT [M0006485]

AF-1161 [M0361359]

AF-2 [M0352065]

Afalon [M0352405]

Afazol Grin [M0462892]

Aflatoxin B [M0025322]

Aflatoxin B1 [M0025321]
A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.

Aflatoxin B1 Dihydrochloride, (6aR-cis)-Isomer [M0331347]

Aflatoxin B1, (6aR-cis)-Isomer, 14C-Labeled [M0331344]

Aflatoxin B1, (6aR-cis)-Isomer, 2H-Labeled [M0331345]

Aflatoxin B1, (6aR-cis)-Isomer, 3H-Labeled [M0331346]

Aflatoxin B1, cis(+,-)-Isomer [M0331343]

Aflatoxin M [M0025325]

Aflatoxin M1 [M0025324]
A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).

Aflatoxin M1, cis(+-)-Isomer [M0331348]

Aflatoxins [M0000533]
Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.

Afonilum [M0432651]

Afonilum Retard [M0353811]

Aftate [M0476658]

Afungil [M0004209]

AG 1343 [M0353763]

Agapurin [M0016200]

Agaroletten [M0477363]

Agmatine [M0000576]
Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.

Agon [M0478122]

Agostilben [M0006358]

Agroxone [M0351751]

Agyrax [M0473868]

AH-19065 [M0353201]

AH-5158 [M0012102]

AHR-1911 [M0352392]

Aiglonyl [M0475975]

Aimax [M0352395]

Ajan [M0369471]

Ajmaline [M0000613]
An alkaloid found in the root of Rauwolfia serpentina, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.

AK-Con [M0462894]

AK-Sulf [M0475853]

Ak-Zol [M0431659]

Akamin [M0474853]

AKBeta [M0463365]

Akineton [M0002569]

Akne-Puren [M0474854]

Aknemin [M0474855]

Aknin-Mino [M0474856]

Aknosan [M0474857]

Alavert [M0446775]

Albalon [M0462893]

Albendazole [M0024161]
A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)

Albendazole Monohydrochloride [M0331350]

Albendoral [M0431880]

Albetol [M0012101]

Albucid [M0020738]

Albuterol [M0000631]
A racemic mixture with a 1:1 ratio of the r-isomer, levalbuterol, and s-albuterol. It is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist with its main clinical use in ASTHMA.

Albuterol Sulfate [M0000633]

Alcar [M0000164]

Alcian Blue [M0000640]
A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.

Alcohols [M0000663]
Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Alcophobin [M0006602]

Alcuronium [M0000669]
A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to TUBOCURARINE. It is used as an anesthesia adjuvant.

Alcuronium Chloride [M0330741]

Aldehydes [M0000679]
Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.

Aldicarb [M0000680]
Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.

Aldizem [M0353524]

Aldocumar [M0476572]

Aldoximes [M0431070]
Oximes derived from ALDEHYDES.

Aldrin [M0000688]
A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Alerlisin [M0477944]

Alermizol [M0434733]

Aleve [M0360811]

Alfacid [M0475036]

Alfamedin [M0485271]

Alfenta [M0024146]

Alfentanil [M0024147]
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

Alfentanil Hydrochloride [M0329444]

Algopyrin [M0372398]

Algotropyl [M0000116]

Alkadienes [M0000709]
Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds.

Alkaline Hematin D-575 [M0010074]

Alkaloids [M0000713]
Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Alkanes [M0000716]
The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Alkanesulfonates [M0000720]
Organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.

Alkanesulfonic Acids [M0026805]
Sulfonic acid derivatives that are substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

Alkenes [M0000718]
Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)

Alkyl Glyceryl Ethers [M0009423]

Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride [M0002326]

Alkylmercury Compounds [M0000723]
Organic mercury compounds in which the mercury is attached to an alkyl group.

Alkynes [M0000724]
Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.

All Clear [M0462942]

Allantoin [M0000725]
A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.

Aller-Chlor [M0478189]

Allerdryl [M0369592]

Allergipuran [M0465107]

Allethrin [M0000732]
Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Alloferin [M0351185]

Allohexal [M0451762]

Allomelanins [M0472973]
Melanins of the plant kingdom.

Alloprin [M0451763]

Allopurin [M0451764]

Allopurinol [M0000745]
A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.

Allorin [M0451781]

Allpargin [M0451782]

Allural [M0451797]

Allyl Compounds [M0000750]

Allylamine [M0000751]
Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for vascular smooth muscle cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.

Allylisopropylacetamide [M0000754]
An allylic compound that acts as a suicide inactivator of CYTOCHROME P450 by covalently binding to its heme moiety or surrounding protein.

Almirid [M0485092]

Almitrine [M0024158]
A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.

Almitrine Dimesylate [M0329453]

Almitrine Monomesylate [M0329452]

ALO-1401-02 [M0333058]

Alocril [M0476699]

Alodorm [M0476754]

Aloe Emodin [M0007303]

Alophen Brand of Bisacodyl [M0477364]

Alotec [M0373119]

Aloxiprimum [M0001863]

alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid [M0027584]
An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.

alpha-Aminotoluene [M0002391]

alpha-Chlorohydrin [M0000786]
A chlorinated propanediol compound that has shown anti-fertility activity in males and has been used as a chemosterilant in rodents.

alpha-Endosulfan [M0007427]

Alphaprodine [M0000798]
An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)

Alphaprodine Hydrochloride [M0330746]

Alpheprol [M0000808]

Alprazolam [M0000806]
A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)

Alprenolol [M0000809]
One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.

Alprenolol Hydrochloride [M0000810]

Alprox [M0432029]

Alrheumat [M0352656]

Alrheumum [M0011997]

Alseroxylon [M0018532]
An alkaloidal extract from RAUWOLFIA.

Altodor [M0351831]

Altosid [M0351551]

Altosid PS-10 [M0351550]

Altramet [M0004480]

Altretamine