MeSH Semantic Type: Pharmacologic Substance [T121]

(131)I-Macroaggregated Albumin [M0019694]

(3-Iodo-(131I)benzyl)guanidine [M0029374]

(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride [M0013150]
A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.

(L)-Mannitol [M0330105]

(R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol [M0024710]
A dopamine D1 receptor antagonist that has no effect or only very limited effect on dopamine D2 receptors. The compound has tranquilizing effects, inhibits conditioned avoidance response, impairs memory acquisition, produces dose-dependent catalepsy, blocks central serotonin receptors, and reduces the lethal effects of cocaine.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine [M0023172]
Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.

1,5-Deoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol [M0026527]

1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol [M0329225]

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine [M0028749]
A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.

1-Deoxymannojirimycin [M0026525]

1-Deoxynojirimycin [M0026526]
An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity.

1-Deoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride [M0329224]

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine [M0023168]
A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II [M0023171]
An ANGIOTENSIN II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.

11614 R.P. [M0351291]

13-cis-Acitretin [M0026178]

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid [M0029372]
A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of PHOSPHOLIPASE C. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2 [M0023176]
A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.

16,17-Epiestriol [M0330347]

16-Epiestriol [M0007789]
The 16 beta-isomer of ESTRIOL.

17 beta-Acetoxy-9-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone [M0005338]

17 beta-Hydroxy-5 beta-Androstan-3-One [M0020412]

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone [M0028774]
A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.

17-alpha-Methyltestosterone [M0452649]

17-Epiestriol [M0330345]

17-Hydroxyprogesterone, (9 beta, 10 alpha)-Isomer [M0329190]

17-Ketosteroids [M0023181]
Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.

18-Hydroxycorticosterone [M0023182]
11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione.

18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone [M0023183]
An analog of desoxycorticosterone which is substituted by a hydroxyl group at the C-18 position.

18alpha-Carbenoxolone [M0247938]

19,583 RP [M0351745]

2'-CMP [M0005573]

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine [M0362415]
A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.

2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonate [M0003168]

2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonic Acid [M0003169]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine [M0006747]
A psychedelic phenyl isopropylamine derivative, commonly called DOM, whose mood-altering effects and mechanism of action may be similar to those of LSD.

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330396]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0330399]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0330400]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330395]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (R)-Isomer [M0330397]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (S)-Isomer [M0330398]

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, Hydrochloride [M0330394]

2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate [M0024150]
The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.

2-Aminopurine [M0023189]
A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).

2-Bromoergocryptine Mesylate [M0002949]

2-Chloroadenosine [M0024149]
2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system.

2-Hydroxyphenethylamine [M0023191]
Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry.

2-Methylpyridine 2-Benzimidazole Sulfoxides [M0496553]

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles [M0496552]
Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.

2589 R.B. [M0353997]

2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dime [M0019226]
Proposed catecholamine depletor.

3'-Chloroacetophenone [M0363297]

3'-CMP [M0005574]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans [M0029556]
A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21)

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monohydr [M0329056]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329051]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329058]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329050]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1R-cis [M0329053]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1S-cis [M0329052]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans) [M0329057]

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans) [M0329055]

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine [M0023230]

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine [M0023232]
An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.

3-Deazauridine [M0023213]
4-Hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone. Analog of uridine lacking a ring-nitrogen in the 3-position. Functions as an antineoplastic agent.

3-Hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan [M0012436]

3-Iodobenzylguanidine [M0029373]
A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine, 123I Labeled [M0331309]

3-Iodobenzylguanidine, 125I Labeled [M0331308]

3-Mercaptopropionic Acid [M0023220]
An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.

3-Nitro-10 [M0352109]

3-O-Methylglucose [M0028773]
A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethy [M0002232]
A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.

33 A 74 [M0353761]

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid [M0027010]
An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.

4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine [M0373905]
A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.

4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone [M0019225]
Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid [M0019908]
A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0329725]

4-Aminobenzoic Acid [M0015714]
A member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. It used to be common in SUNSCREENING AGENTS until found to also be a sensitizer. The potassium salt is used therapeutically in fibrotic skin disorders.

4-Aminopyridine [M0024148]
One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, with secondary effect on calcium currents, which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.

4-Aminopyridine Sustained Release [M0455963]

4-Butyrolactone [M0023238]
One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.

4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate [M0004172]
A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.

4-Fluorophenylalanine [M0015726]

4-Hydroxybenzoic Acids [M0015857]

4-Hydroxycoumarins [M0023241]
Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants.

4306-CB [M0372326]

5 beta-Dihydrotestosterone [M0020413]

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine [M0023255]
Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine [M0023256]
Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid [M0023258]
A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).

5-Amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole [M0352073]
A nitrovinyl furan used as a schistosomicidal agent and proposed for trypanosomiasis, especially Chagas disease.

5-Aminosalicylate [M0029385]

5-Fluorouracil-biosyn [M0478644]

5-FU Lederle [M0478646]

5-FU medac [M0478647]

5-HT1 Agonists [M0026368]

5-HT2 Agonists [M0026369]

5-HT3 Agonists [M0026370]

5-HU Hexal [M0478645]

5-Hydroxytryptophan [M0010787]
The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.

5-Methoxytryptamine [M0013607]
Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.

53-32C [M0353428]

566C [M0173852]

566C80 [M0173853]

6 alpha-Methylprednisolone Sodium Hemisuccinate [M0013666]

6-Aminocaproic Acid [M0023260]
An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.

6-Aminonicotinamide [M0023261]
A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.

6-Carboxycellulose [M0003791]

6-Cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline [M0329174]

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione [M0028085]
A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.

6-Mercaptopurine [M0023263]
An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.

6-Mercaptopurine Monohydrate [M0329507]

6029-M [M0352881]

7-epi-Taxol [M0026155]

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate [M0023265]
A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Monosodium Salt [M0329509]

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Sodium Salt [M0329508]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin [M0026382]
A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide [M0329197]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (+-)-Isomer [M0329203]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (R)-Isomer, [M0329198]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (S)-Isomer, [M0329199]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer, [M0329195]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329196]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (+-)-Isomer [M0329200]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (R)-Isomer [M0329201]

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (S)-Isomer [M0329202]

8-MOP [M0392719]

99mTc-Albures [M0353697]

99mTc-Human Serum Albumin [M0021097]

A-301 [M0373573]

A-41304 [M0351299]

A-43818 [M0369307]

A-Ba-C-50,005 [M0017538]

A-MethaPred [M0351482]

Aarane [M0353583]

Abactal [M0353996]

Abactrim [M0024004]

Abbokinase [M0333864]

Abbott-38579 [M0373097]

Abortifacient Agents [M0000021]
Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal [M0000022]
Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal [M0000023]
Steroidal compounds with abortifacient activity.

Abrohexal [M0451771]

Abscisic Acid Monoammonium Salt, (R)-Isomer [M0330680]

Abscisic Acid, (E,Z)-(+,-)-Isomer [M0330678]

Abscisic Acid, (R)-Isomer [M0330677]

Abscisic Acid, (Z,E)-Isomer [M0330737]

Abstem [M0005431]

ABT 538 [M0373924]

Abuf�ne [M0431875]

Acamol [M0000117]

Acarbose [M0070912]
An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and hence reduces the increase in blood-glucose concentrations after a carbohydrate load. It is given orally to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients where diet modification or oral hypoglycemic agents do not control their condition. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)

Accurbron [M0353807]

Accutane [M0023833]

acebraus [M0445735]

Acebutolol [M0000100]
A cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.

Acebutolol Heumann [M0431309]

Acebutolol Hydrochloride [M0331293]

Ac�butolol-ratiopharm [M0431312]

Acecainide [M0000193]
A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.

Acecainide Hydrochloride [M0000194]

Acedapsone [M0000103]
Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.

Acedoxin [M0000176]

ACEL-IMUNE [M0272459]

Acemethadone [M0351996]

Acemuc [M0444760]

Acenocoumarol [M0000105]
A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233)

Acephen [M0418290]

Acepromazine [M0000107]
A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.

Acepromazine Maleate [M0330684]

Acetabs [M0445736]

Acetaco [M0000114]

Acetadiazol [M0431655]

Acetaminophen [M0000115]
Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.

Acetazolam [M0431657]

Acetazolamide [M0000127]
One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)

Acetazolamide Sodium, (Sterile) [M0000128]

Acetazolamide, Monosodium Salt [M0330686]

Acetic Acid [M0028791]
Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Acetilcolina Cusi [M0431673]

Acetohexamide [M0000136]
A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.

Acetopt [M0475852]

Acetyl-beta-methylcholine [M0024754]

Acetyl-L-Carnitine [M0000163]

Acetylcarnitine [M0000161]
An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

Acetylcarnitine, (R)-Isomer [M0330692]

Acetylcholine [M0000165]
A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications.

Acetylcholine Bromide [M0049582]

Acetylcholine Chloride [M0049840]

Acetylcholine Fluoride [M0330698]

Acetylcholine Hydroxide [M0330695]

Acetylcholine Iodide [M0330693]

Acetylcholine L-Tartrate [M0330700]

Acetylcholine Perchlorate [M0330701]

Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1) [M0330699]

Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1) [M0330694]

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [M0004294]

Acetylcystein AL [M0445728]

Acetylcystein Atid [M0445737]

Acetylcystein Heumann [M0445739]

Acetylcystein Trom [M0445740]

Acetylcysteine [M0000171]
The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.

Ac�tylcyst�ine GNR [M0445979]

Acetylcysteine Hydrochloride [M0331337]

Acetylcysteine Sodium [M0331341]

Acetylcysteine Zinc [M0331336]

Acetylcysteine, (D)-Isomer [M0331339]

Acetylcysteine, (DL)-Isomer [M0331342]

Acetylcysteine, Monoammonium Salt [M0331340]

Acetylcysteine, Monosodium Salt [M0331338]

Acetyldigitoxin [M0000181]

Acetyldigitoxins [M0000177]
Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside A or of DIGITOXIN. They are used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure.

Acetyldigoxins [M0000182]
Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine [M0000191]
Peptidoglycan immunoadjuvant originally isolated from bacterial cell wall fragments; also acts as pyrogen and may cause arthritis; stimulates both humoral and cellular immunity.

Acetylthiocholine [M0000196]
An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.

Acetysal [M0001870]

Acetyst [M0445741]

Aci-Sanorania [M0448396]

Acic [M0448395]

Aciclobeta [M0448401]

Aciclostad [M0448402]

Aciclovir Alonga [M0474669]

Acid Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors [M0024278]

Acidic Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor [M0022082]

Acidin-Pepsin [M0002434]

Acifugan [M0353575]

Acifur [M0448592]

Acignost [M0016167]

Acitretin [M0026177]
An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.

Acitretin, (Z,E,E,E)-Isomer [M0329348]

Acivir [M0451637]

Aclacin [M0431771]

Aclaplastin [M0431772]

Aclarubicin [M0023487]
An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.

Aclin [M0476023]

Aconite [M0000234]
Dried root of Aconitum napellus.

Aconitine [M0000236]
A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates voltage-gated SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIA in experimental animals and it has antiinflammatory and antineuralgic properties.

Acriflavine [M0000250]
3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.

Acriflavine Dihydrochloride [M0330709]

Acriflavine Trichydrochloride [M0330710]

Acrolactine [M0007805]

Acronine [M0000264]
A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants.

Actidil [M0022016]

Actidose [M0478053]

Actidose-Aqua [M0478052]

Actihaemyl [M0000273]
An extract from calf blood containing inorganic salts, amino acids, polypeptides and purines, but no proteins nor antigenic substances or blood group characteristics. Its exact composition is unknown. It has been proposed as a radiation-protective agent.

Actilyse [M0016992]

Actinex [M0352311]

Activase [M0333862]

Activated Charcoal [M0003992]

Activir [M0448596]

Acular [M0333554]

Acupan [M0014550]

Acyclo-V [M0449386]

Acyclovir [M0000326]
A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.

Acyclovir Sodium [M0000327]

Acylpyrin [M0001871]

Adalat [M0014849]

Adancor [M0463082]

Adaquin [M0474990]

Adebit [M0350939]

Adekin [M0432249]

Adenosine Triphosphate [M0000395]
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride [M0000396]

Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) [M0029430]
A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate [M0000416]
5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.

Adepal [M0351262]

Adgyn Medro [M0473882]

Adicin [M0000178]

Adipex-P [M0016533]

Adiuretin [M0369335]

Adiuretin SD [M0369334]

Adjuvants, Anesthesia [M0001144]
Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

Adjuvants, Immunologic [M0000431]
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Admon [M0463280]

ADR-529 [M0363547]

Adrenaline Bitartrate [M0362233]

Adrenaline Hydrochloride [M0007582]

Adrenam [M0477834]

Adrenergic Agents [M0027961]
Drugs that act on adrenergic receptors or affect the life cycle of adrenergic transmitters. Included here are adrenergic agonists and antagonists and agents that affect the synthesis, storage, uptake, metabolism, or release of adrenergic transmitters.

Adrenergic Agonists [M0000497]
Drugs that bind to and activate adrenergic receptors.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists [M0000492]
Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [M0000493]
Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.

Adrenergic Antagonists [M0027982]
Drugs that bind to but do not activate ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. Adrenergic antagonists block the actions of the endogenous adrenergic transmitters EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists [M0000494]
Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [M0000495]
Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.

Adrenergic Neurohumor Depleters [M0027967]

Adrenergic Neuron Agents [M0027962]

Adrenergic Release Inhibitors [M0027968]

Adrenergic Synthesis Inhibitors [M0027964]

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors [M0028095]
Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.

Adrenomedullin [M0216201]
A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.

Adreson [M0351521]

Adriablastine [M0006788]

Adriamycin [M0006785]

Adrimedac [M0479790]

Adrucil [M0008633]

Adsorba [M0478054]

Adumbran [M0353487]

Advantage-S [M0418447]
A spermicidal contraceptive vaginal gel that contains nonoxynol-9 (N-9), available without prescription

Aequamen [M0002429]

Aerolate [M0353810]

Aerosol OT [M0006485]

Aescusan [M0362055]

AF-1161 [M0361359]

Afazol Grin [M0462892]

Afonilum [M0432651]

Afonilum Retard [M0353811]

Aftate [M0476658]

Afungil [M0004209]

AG 1343 [M0353763]

Agapurin [M0016200]

Agar [M0000553]
A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.

Agaroletten [M0477363]

Agon [M0478122]

agonists [M0030947]
Used with chemicals, drugs, and endogenous substances to indicate substances or agents that have affinity for a receptor and intrinsic activity at that receptor. (From Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p.16)

Agostilben [M0006358]

Agovirin [M0021195]

Agyrax [M0473868]

AH-19065 [M0353201]

AH-5158 [M0012102]

AHR-1911 [M0352392]

AI3-24916 [M0352208]

AIDS Vaccines [M0025741]
Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.

Aiglonyl [M0475975]

Aimax [M0352395]

Airbron [M0445742]

Ajan [M0369471]

Ajmaline [M0000613]
An alkaloid found in the root of Rauwolfia serpentina, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.

AK-Con [M0462894]

AK-Sulf [M0475853]

Ak-Zol [M0431659]

AKBeta [M0463365]

Akineton [M0002569]

Alavert [M0446775]

Albalon [M0462893]

Albendazole [M0024161]
A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)

Albendazole Monohydrochloride [M0331350]

Albendoral [M0431880]

Albetol [M0012101]

Albucid [M0020738]

Albuterol [M0000631]
A racemic mixture with a 1:1 ratio of the r-isomer, levalbuterol, and s-albuterol. It is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist with its main clinical use in ASTHMA.

Albuterol Sulfate [M0000633]

Alcar [M0000164]

Alcohol Deterrents [M0000649]
Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.

Alcophobin [M0006602]

Alcuronium [M0000669]
A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to TUBOCURARINE. It is used as an anesthesia adjuvant.

Alcuronium Chloride [M0330741]

Aldactone [M0020353]

Aldactone A [M0020354]

Aldecin [M0473526]

Aldizem [M0353524]

Aldocumar [M0476572]

Aldomet [M0013628]

Aldosterone [M0000686]
A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

Aldosterone Antagonists [M0000687]
Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of aldosterone.

Aldosterone, (+-)-Isomer [M0330742]

Aldosterone, (11 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330743]

Alendronate [M0028852]
A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis.

Alendronate Sodium [M0329075]

Alerlisin [M0477944]

Alermizol [M0434733]

Aleve [M0360811]

Alfamedin [M0485271]

Alfatesine [M0351496]

Alfathesin [M0351497]

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture [M0362311]
A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anesthetic. It is no longer actively marketed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1445)

Alfenta [M0024146]

Alfentanil [M0024147]
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

Alfentanil Hydrochloride [M0329444]

Algestone [M0000801]
A synthetic progestational dihydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE. Its acetonide possesses anti-inflammatory properties.

Algestone Acetophenide [M0000706]
A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also used therapeutically as a topical anti-inflammatory and is applied topically in the treatment of ACNE.

Alginates [M0000707]
Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as absorbent material for surgical dressings.

Algopyrin [M0372398]

Algotropyl [M0000116]

Alhydrogel [M0372283]

Alkeran [M0013332]

Alkylating Agents [M0000721]
Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.

Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride [M0002326]

All Clear [M0462942]

Allantoin [M0000725]
A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.

Aller-Chlor [M0478189]

Allerdryl [M0369592]

Allergan 211 [M0010992]

Allergipuran [M0465107]

Alloferin [M0351185]

Allohexal [M0451762]

Alloprin [M0451763]

Allopurin [M0451764]

Allopurinol [M0000745]
A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.

Allorin [M0451781]

Allpargin [M0451782]

Allural [M0451797]

Allylamine [M0000751]
Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for vascular smooth muscle cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.

Allylestrenol [M0000752]
A synthetic steroid with progestational activity.

Allylglycine [M0000753]
An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.

Almirid [M0485092]

Almitrine [M0024158]
A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.

Almitrine Dimesylate [M0329453]

Almitrine Monomesylate [M0329452]

ALO-1401-02 [M0333058]

Alocril [M0476699]

Alodorm [M0476754]

Aloe Emodin [M0007303]

Alophen Brand of Bisacodyl [M0477364]

Alotec [M0373119]

Aloxiprimum [M0001863]

alpha 1-Antitrypsin [M0000780]
Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES. Commonly referred to as alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI), it exists in over 30 different biochemical variant forms known collectively as the Pi (protease inhibitor) system. Hereditary A1PI deficiency is associated with PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.

alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor F [M0000781]

alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor S [M0000782]

Alpha(1) Antiplasmin [M0001392]

alpha-Acetyldigitoxin [M0000179]

alpha-Acetyldigoxin [M0000183]

alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid [M0027584]
An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.

alpha-Amylase [M0000783]
An enzyme that catalyzes the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides containing 3 or more 1,4-alpha-linked D-glucose units. EC 3.2.1.1.

Alpha-Amylase Bayer [M0477123]

alpha-Chlorohydrin [M0000786]
A chlorinated propanediol compound that has shown anti-fertility activity in males and has been used as a chemosterilant in rodents.

Alpha-Chymotrypsin Choay [M0478344]

alpha-Cysteine Protease Inhibitors [M0024279]

alpha-Defensins [M0360491]
DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal PANETH CELLS.

alpha-Heparin [M0010189]

alpha-Methyltyrosine [M0029394]
An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)