Pharmacologic Substance

MeSH ID: T121

Related Concepts:

• (+)-Cyanidanol-3 [M0003637]
  
• (131)I-Macroaggregated Albumin [M0019694]
  
• (3-Iodo-(131I)benzyl)guanidine [M0029374]
  
• (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride [M0013150]
  A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.
  
• (L)-Mannitol [M0330105]
  
• (R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol [M0024710]
  A dopamine D1 receptor antagonist that has no effect or only very limited effect on dopamine D2 receptors. The compound has tranquilizing effects, inhibits conditioned avoidance response, impairs memory acquisition, produces dose-dependent catalepsy, blocks central serotonin receptors, and reduces the lethal effects of cocaine.
  
• 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine [M0023172]
  Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.
  
• 1,5-Deoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol [M0026527]
  
• 1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol [M0329225]
  
• 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine [M0028749]
  A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.
  
• 1-Deoxymannojirimycin [M0026525]
  
• 1-Deoxynojirimycin [M0026526]
  An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity.
  
• 1-Deoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride [M0329224]
  
• 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine [M0023168]
  A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES
  
• 1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II [M0023171]
  An ANGIOTENSIN II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.
  
• 11614 R.P. [M0351291]
  
• 13-cis-Acitretin [M0026178]
  
• 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid [M0029372]
  A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of PHOSPHOLIPASE C. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)
  
• 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2 [M0023176]
  A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.
  
• 16,17-Epiestriol [M0330347]
  
• 16-Epiestriol [M0007789]
  The 16 beta-isomer of ESTRIOL.
  
• 17 beta-Acetoxy-9-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone [M0005338]
  
• 17 beta-Hydroxy-5 beta-Androstan-3-One [M0020412]
  
• 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone [M0028774]
  A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.
  
• 17-alpha-Methyltestosterone [M0452649]
  
• 17-Epiestriol [M0330345]
  
• 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, (9 beta, 10 alpha)-Isomer [M0329190]
  
• 17-Ketosteroids [M0023181]
  Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.
  
• 18-Hydroxycorticosterone [M0023182]
  11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione.
  
• 18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone [M0023183]
  An analog of desoxycorticosterone which is substituted by a hydroxyl group at the C-18 position.
  
• 18alpha-Carbenoxolone [M0247938]
  
• 19,583 RP [M0351745]
  
• 2'-CMP [M0005573]
  
• 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine [M0362415]
  A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.
  
• 2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonate [M0003168]
  
• 2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonic Acid [M0003169]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine [M0006747]
  A psychedelic phenyl isopropylamine derivative, commonly called DOM, whose mood-altering effects and mechanism of action may be similar to those of LSD.
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330396]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0330399]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0330400]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330395]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (R)-Isomer [M0330397]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (S)-Isomer [M0330398]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, Hydrochloride [M0330394]
  
• 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate [M0024150]
  The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.
  
• 2-Aminopurine [M0023189]
  A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).
  
• 2-Bromoergocryptine Mesylate [M0002949]
  
• 2-Chloroadenosine [M0024149]
  2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system.
  
• 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine [M0023191]
  Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry.
  
• 2-Methylpyridine 2-Benzimidazole Sulfoxides [M0496553]
  
• 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles [M0496552]
  Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.
  
• 2589 R.B. [M0353997]
  
• 2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dime [M0019226]
  Proposed catecholamine depletor.
  
• 3'-Chloroacetophenone [M0363297]
  
• 3'-CMP [M0005574]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans [M0029556]
  A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21)
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monohydr [M0329056]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329051]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329058]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329050]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1R-cis [M0329053]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1S-cis [M0329052]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans) [M0329057]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans) [M0329055]
  
• 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine [M0023230]
  
• 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine [M0023232]
  An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.
  
• 3-Deazauridine [M0023213]
  4-Hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone. Analog of uridine lacking a ring-nitrogen in the 3-position. Functions as an antineoplastic agent.
  
• 3-Hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan [M0012436]
  
• 3-Iodobenzylguanidine [M0029373]
  A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.
  
• 3-Iodobenzylguanidine, 123I Labeled [M0331309]
  
• 3-Iodobenzylguanidine, 125I Labeled [M0331308]
  
• 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid [M0023220]
  An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.
  
• 3-Nitro-10 [M0352109]
  
• 3-O-Methylglucose [M0028773]
  A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)
  
• 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethy [M0002232]
  A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.
  
• 33 A 74 [M0353761]
  
• 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid [M0027010]
  An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.
  
• 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine [M0373905]
  A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.
  
• 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone [M0019225]
  Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.
  
• 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid [M0019908]
  A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.
  
• 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0329725]
  
• 4-Aminobenzoic Acid [M0015714]
  A member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. It used to be common in SUNSCREENING AGENTS until found to also be a sensitizer. The potassium salt is used therapeutically in fibrotic skin disorders.
  
• 4-Aminopyridine [M0024148]
  One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, with secondary effect on calcium currents, which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.
  
• 4-Aminopyridine Sustained Release [M0455963]
  
• 4-Butyrolactone [M0023238]
  One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.
  
• 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate [M0004172]
  A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.
  
• 4-Fluorophenylalanine [M0015726]
  
• 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acids [M0015857]
  
• 4-Hydroxycoumarins [M0023241]
  Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants.
  
• 4306-CB [M0372326]
  
• 5 beta-Dihydrotestosterone [M0020413]
  
• 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine [M0023255]
  Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.
  
• 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine [M0023256]
  Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.
  
• 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid [M0023258]
  A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).
  
• 5-Amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole [M0352073]
  A nitrovinyl furan used as a schistosomicidal agent and proposed for trypanosomiasis, especially Chagas disease.
  
• 5-Aminosalicylate [M0029385]
  
• 5-Fluorouracil-biosyn [M0478644]
  
• 5-FU Lederle [M0478646]
  
• 5-FU medac [M0478647]
  
• 5-HT1 Agonists [M0026368]
  
• 5-HT2 Agonists [M0026369]
  
• 5-HT3 Agonists [M0026370]
  
• 5-HU Hexal [M0478645]
  
• 5-Hydroxytryptophan [M0010787]
  The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.
  
• 5-Methoxytryptamine [M0013607]
  Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.
  
• 53-32C [M0353428]
  
• 566C [M0173852]
  
• 566C80 [M0173853]
  
• 6 alpha-Methylprednisolone Sodium Hemisuccinate [M0013666]
  
• 6-Aminocaproic Acid [M0023260]
  An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.
  
• 6-Aminonicotinamide [M0023261]
  A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.
  
• 6-Carboxycellulose [M0003791]
  
• 6-Cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline [M0329174]
  
• 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione [M0028085]
  A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.
  
• 6-Mercaptopurine [M0023263]
  An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.
  
• 6-Mercaptopurine Monohydrate [M0329507]
  
• 6029-M [M0352881]
  
• 7-epi-Taxol [M0026155]
  
• 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate [M0023265]
  A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
  
• 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Monosodium Salt [M0329509]
  
• 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Sodium Salt [M0329508]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin [M0026382]
  A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide [M0329197]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (+-)-Isomer [M0329203]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (R)-Isomer, [M0329198]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (S)-Isomer, [M0329199]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer, [M0329195]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329196]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (+-)-Isomer [M0329200]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (R)-Isomer [M0329201]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (S)-Isomer [M0329202]
  
• 8-MOP [M0392719]
  
• 99mTc-Albures [M0353697]
  
• 99mTc-Human Serum Albumin [M0021097]
  
• A-301 [M0373573]
  
• A-41304 [M0351299]
  
• A-43818 [M0369307]
  
• A-Ba-C-50,005 [M0017538]
  
• A-MethaPred [M0351482]
  
• Aarane [M0353583]
  
• Abactal [M0353996]
  
• Abactrim [M0024004]
  
• Abbokinase [M0333864]
  
• Abbott-38579 [M0373097]
  
• Abortifacient Agents [M0000021]
  Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.
  
• Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal [M0000022]
  Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.
  
• Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal [M0000023]
  Steroidal compounds with abortifacient activity.
  
• Abrohexal [M0451771]
  
• Abscisic Acid Monoammonium Salt, (R)-Isomer [M0330680]
  
• Abscisic Acid, (E,Z)-(+,-)-Isomer [M0330678]
  
• Abscisic Acid, (R)-Isomer [M0330677]
  
• Abscisic Acid, (Z,E)-Isomer [M0330737]
  
• Abstem [M0005431]
  
• ABT 538 [M0373924]
  
• Abuf�ne [M0431875]
  
• Acamol [M0000117]
  
• Acarbose [M0070912]
  An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and hence reduces the increase in blood-glucose concentrations after a carbohydrate load. It is given orally to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients where diet modification or oral hypoglycemic agents do not control their condition. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
  
• Accurbron [M0353807]
  
• Accutane [M0023833]
  
• acebraus [M0445735]
  
• Acebutolol [M0000100]
  A cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.
  
• Acebutolol Heumann [M0431309]
  
• Acebutolol Hydrochloride [M0331293]
  
• Ac�butolol-ratiopharm [M0431312]
  
• Acecainide [M0000193]
  A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.
  
• Acecainide Hydrochloride [M0000194]
  
• Acedapsone [M0000103]
  Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.
  
• Acedoxin [M0000176]
  
• ACEL-IMUNE [M0272459]
  
• Acemethadone [M0351996]
  
• Acemuc [M0444760]
  
• Acenocoumarol [M0000105]
  A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233)
  
• Acephen [M0418290]
  
• Acepromazine [M0000107]
  A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.
  
• Acepromazine Maleate [M0330684]
  
• Acetabs [M0445736]
  
• Acetaco [M0000114]
  
• Acetadiazol [M0431655]
  
• Acetaminophen [M0000115]
  Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
  
• Acetazolam [M0431657]
  
• Acetazolamide [M0000127]
  One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
  
• Acetazolamide Sodium, (Sterile) [M0000128]
  
• Acetazolamide, Monosodium Salt [M0330686]
  
• Acetic Acid [M0028791]
  Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
  
• Acetilcolina Cusi [M0431673]
  
• Acetohexamide [M0000136]
  A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.
  
• Acetopt [M0475852]
  
• Acetyl-beta-methylcholine [M0024754]
  
• Acetyl-L-Carnitine [M0000163]
  
• Acetylcarnitine [M0000161]
  An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.
  
• Acetylcarnitine, (R)-Isomer [M0330692]
  
• Acetylcholine [M0000165]
  A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications.
  
• Acetylcholine Bromide [M0049582]
  
• Acetylcholine Chloride [M0049840]
  
• Acetylcholine Fluoride [M0330698]
  
• Acetylcholine Hydroxide [M0330695]
  
• Acetylcholine Iodide [M0330693]
  
• Acetylcholine L-Tartrate [M0330700]
  
• Acetylcholine Perchlorate [M0330701]
  
• Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1) [M0330699]
  
• Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1) [M0330694]
  
• Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [M0004294]
  
• Acetylcystein AL [M0445728]
  
• Acetylcystein Atid [M0445737]
  
• Acetylcystein Heumann [M0445739]
  
• Acetylcystein Trom [M0445740]
  
• Acetylcysteine [M0000171]
  The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.
  
• Ac�tylcyst�ine GNR [M0445979]
  
• Acetylcysteine Hydrochloride [M0331337]
  
• Acetylcysteine Sodium [M0331341]
  
• Acetylcysteine Zinc [M0331336]
  
• Acetylcysteine, (D)-Isomer [M0331339]
  
• Acetylcysteine, (DL)-Isomer [M0331342]
  
• Acetylcysteine, Monoammonium Salt [M0331340]
  
• Acetylcysteine, Monosodium Salt [M0331338]
  
• Acetyldigitoxin [M0000181]
  
• Acetyldigitoxins [M0000177]
  Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside A or of DIGITOXIN. They are used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure.
  
• Acetyldigoxins [M0000182]
  Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure.
  
• Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine [M0000191]
  Peptidoglycan immunoadjuvant originally isolated from bacterial cell wall fragments; also acts as pyrogen and may cause arthritis; stimulates both humoral and cellular immunity.
  
• Acetylthiocholine [M0000196]
  An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.
  
• Acetysal [M0001870]
  
• Acetyst [M0445741]
  
• Aci-Sanorania [M0448396]
  
• Acic [M0448395]
  
• Aciclobeta [M0448401]
  
• Aciclostad [M0448402]
  
• Aciclovir Alonga [M0474669]
  
• Acid Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors [M0024278]
  
• Acidic Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor [M0022082]
  
• Acidin-Pepsin [M0002434]
  
• Acifugan [M0353575]
  
• Acifur [M0448592]
  
• Acignost [M0016167]
  
• Acitretin [M0026177]
  An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.
  
• Acitretin, (Z,E,E,E)-Isomer [M0329348]
  
• Acivir [M0451637]
  
• Aclacin [M0431771]
  
• Aclaplastin [M0431772]
  
• Aclarubicin [M0023487]
  An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.
  
• Aclin [M0476023]
  
• Aconite [M0000234]
  Dried root of Aconitum napellus.
  
• Aconitine [M0000236]
  A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates voltage-gated SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIA in experimental animals and it has antiinflammatory and antineuralgic properties.
  
• Acriflavine [M0000250]
  3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
  
• Acriflavine Dihydrochloride [M0330709]
  
• Acriflavine Trichydrochloride [M0330710]
  
• Acrolactine [M0007805]
  
• Acronine [M0000264]
  A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants.
  
• Actidil [M0022016]
  
• Actidose [M0478053]
  
• Actidose-Aqua [M0478052]
  
• Actihaemyl [M0000273]
  An extract from calf blood containing inorganic salts, amino acids, polypeptides and purines, but no proteins nor antigenic substances or blood group characteristics. Its exact composition is unknown. It has been proposed as a radiation-protective agent.
  
• Actilyse [M0016992]
  
• Actinex [M0352311]
  
• Activase [M0333862]
  
• Activated Charcoal [M0003992]
  
• Activir [M0448596]
  
• Acular [M0333554]
  
• Acupan [M0014550]
  
• Acyclo-V [M0449386]
  
• Acyclovir [M0000326]
  A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.
  
• Acyclovir Sodium [M0000327]
  
• Acylpyrin [M0001871]
  
• Adalat [M0014849]
  
• Adancor [M0463082]
  
• Adaquin [M0474990]
  
• Adebit [M0350939]
  
• Adekin [M0432249]
  
• Adenosine Triphosphate [M0000395]
  An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
  
• Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride [M0000396]
  
• Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) [M0029430]
  A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.
  
• Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate [M0000416]
  5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.
  
• Adepal [M0351262]
  
• Adgyn Medro [M0473882]
  
• Adicin [M0000178]
  
• Adipex-P [M0016533]
  
• Adiuretin [M0369335]
  
• Adiuretin SD [M0369334]
  
• Adjuvants, Anesthesia [M0001144]
  Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.
  
• Adjuvants, Immunologic [M0000431]
  Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
  
• Admon [M0463280]
  
• ADR-529 [M0363547]
  
• Adrenaline Bitartrate [M0362233]
  
• Adrenaline Hydrochloride [M0007582]
  
• Adrenam [M0477834]
  
• Adrenergic Agents [M0027961]
  Drugs that act on adrenergic receptors or affect the life cycle of adrenergic transmitters. Included here are adrenergic agonists and antagonists and agents that affect the synthesis, storage, uptake, metabolism, or release of adrenergic transmitters.
  
• Adrenergic Agonists [M0000497]
  Drugs that bind to and activate adrenergic receptors.
  
• Adrenergic alpha-Agonists [M0000492]
  Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.
  
• Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [M0000493]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.
  
• Adrenergic Antagonists [M0027982]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. Adrenergic antagonists block the actions of the endogenous adrenergic transmitters EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.
  
• Adrenergic beta-Agonists [M0000494]
  Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.
  
• Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [M0000495]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.
  
• Adrenergic Neurohumor Depleters [M0027967]
  
• Adrenergic Neuron Agents [M0027962]
  
• Adrenergic Release Inhibitors [M0027968]
  
• Adrenergic Synthesis Inhibitors [M0027964]
  
• Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors [M0028095]
  Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.
  
• Adrenomedullin [M0216201]
  A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.
  
• Adreson [M0351521]
  
• Adriablastine [M0006788]
  
• Adriamycin [M0006785]
  
• Adrimedac [M0479790]
  
• Adrucil [M0008633]
  
• Adsorba [M0478054]
  
• Adumbran [M0353487]
  
• Advantage-S [M0418447]
  A spermicidal contraceptive vaginal gel that contains nonoxynol-9 (N-9), available without prescription
  
• Aequamen [M0002429]
  
• Aerolate [M0353810]
  
• Aerosol OT [M0006485]
  
• Aescusan [M0362055]
  
• AF-1161 [M0361359]
  
• Afazol Grin [M0462892]
  
• Afonilum [M0432651]
  
• Afonilum Retard [M0353811]
  
• Aftate [M0476658]
  
• Afungil [M0004209]
  
• AG 1343 [M0353763]
  
• Agapurin [M0016200]
  
• Agar [M0000553]
  A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.
  
• Agaroletten [M0477363]
  
• Agon [M0478122]
  
• agonists [M0030947]
  Used with chemicals, drugs, and endogenous substances to indicate substances or agents that have affinity for a receptor and intrinsic activity at that receptor. (From Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p.16)
  
• Agostilben [M0006358]
  
• Agovirin [M0021195]
  
• Agyrax [M0473868]
  
• AH-19065 [M0353201]
  
• AH-5158 [M0012102]
  
• AHR-1911 [M0352392]
  
• AI3-24916 [M0352208]
  
• AIDS Vaccines [M0025741]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.
  
• Aiglonyl [M0475975]
  
• Aimax [M0352395]
  
• Airbron [M0445742]
  
• Ajan [M0369471]
  
• Ajmaline [M0000613]
  An alkaloid found in the root of Rauwolfia serpentina, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.
  
• AK-Con [M0462894]
  
• AK-Sulf [M0475853]
  
• Ak-Zol [M0431659]
  
• AKBeta [M0463365]
  
• Akineton [M0002569]
  
• Alavert [M0446775]
  
• Albalon [M0462893]
  
• Albendazole [M0024161]
  A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)
  
• Albendazole Monohydrochloride [M0331350]
  
• Albendoral [M0431880]
  
• Albetol [M0012101]
  
• Albucid [M0020738]
  
• Albuterol [M0000631]
  A racemic mixture with a 1:1 ratio of the r-isomer, levalbuterol, and s-albuterol. It is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist with its main clinical use in ASTHMA.
  
• Albuterol Sulfate [M0000633]
  
• Alcar [M0000164]
  
• Alcohol Deterrents [M0000649]
  Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.
  
• Alcophobin [M0006602]
  
• Alcuronium [M0000669]
  A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to TUBOCURARINE. It is used as an anesthesia adjuvant.
  
• Alcuronium Chloride [M0330741]
  
• Aldactone [M0020353]
  
• Aldactone A [M0020354]
  
• Aldecin [M0473526]
  
• Aldizem [M0353524]
  
• Aldocumar [M0476572]
  
• Aldomet [M0013628]
  
• Aldosterone [M0000686]
  A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.
  
• Aldosterone Antagonists [M0000687]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of aldosterone.
  
• Aldosterone, (+-)-Isomer [M0330742]
  
• Aldosterone, (11 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330743]
  
• Alendronate [M0028852]
  A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis.
  
• Alendronate Sodium [M0329075]
  
• Alerlisin [M0477944]
  
• Alermizol [M0434733]
  
• Aleve [M0360811]
  
• Alfamedin [M0485271]
  
• Alfatesine [M0351496]
  
• Alfathesin [M0351497]
  
• Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture [M0362311]
  A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anesthetic. It is no longer actively marketed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1445)
  
• Alfenta [M0024146]
  
• Alfentanil [M0024147]
  A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
  
• Alfentanil Hydrochloride [M0329444]
  
• Algestone [M0000801]
  A synthetic progestational dihydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE. Its acetonide possesses anti-inflammatory properties.
  
• Algestone Acetophenide [M0000706]
  A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also used therapeutically as a topical anti-inflammatory and is applied topically in the treatment of ACNE.
  
• Alginates [M0000707]
  Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as absorbent material for surgical dressings.
  
• Algopyrin [M0372398]
  
• Algotropyl [M0000116]
  
• Alhydrogel [M0372283]
  
• Alkeran [M0013332]
  
• Alkylating Agents [M0000721]
  Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.
  
• Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride [M0002326]
  
• All Clear [M0462942]
  
• Allantoin [M0000725]
  A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.
  
• Aller-Chlor [M0478189]
  
• Allerdryl [M0369592]
  
• Allergan 211 [M0010992]
  
• Allergipuran [M0465107]
  
• Alloferin [M0351185]
  
• Allohexal [M0451762]
  
• Alloprin [M0451763]
  
• Allopurin [M0451764]
  
• Allopurinol [M0000745]
  A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.
  
• Allorin [M0451781]
  
• Allpargin [M0451782]
  
• Allural [M0451797]
  
• Allylamine [M0000751]
  Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for vascular smooth muscle cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.
  
• Allylestrenol [M0000752]
  A synthetic steroid with progestational activity.
  
• Allylglycine [M0000753]
  An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.
  
• Almirid [M0485092]
  
• Almitrine [M0024158]
  A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.
  
• Almitrine Dimesylate [M0329453]
  
• Almitrine Monomesylate [M0329452]
  
• ALO-1401-02 [M0333058]
  
• Alocril [M0476699]
  
• Alodorm [M0476754]
  
• Aloe Emodin [M0007303]
  
• Alophen Brand of Bisacodyl [M0477364]
  
• Alotec [M0373119]
  
• Aloxiprimum [M0001863]
  
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin [M0000780]
  Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES. Commonly referred to as alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI), it exists in over 30 different biochemical variant forms known collectively as the Pi (protease inhibitor) system. Hereditary A1PI deficiency is associated with PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.
  
• alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor F [M0000781]
  
• alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor S [M0000782]
  
• Alpha(1) Antiplasmin [M0001392]
  
• alpha-Acetyldigitoxin [M0000179]
  
• alpha-Acetyldigoxin [M0000183]
  
• alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid [M0027584]
  An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.
  
• alpha-Amylase [M0000783]
  An enzyme that catalyzes the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides containing 3 or more 1,4-alpha-linked D-glucose units. EC 3.2.1.1.
  
• Alpha-Amylase Bayer [M0477123]
  
• alpha-Chlorohydrin [M0000786]
  A chlorinated propanediol compound that has shown anti-fertility activity in males and has been used as a chemosterilant in rodents.
  
• Alpha-Chymotrypsin Choay [M0478344]
  
• alpha-Cysteine Protease Inhibitors [M0024279]
  
• alpha-Defensins [M0360491]
  DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal PANETH CELLS.
  
• alpha-Heparin [M0010189]
  
• alpha-Methyltyrosine [M0029394]
  An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)
  
• alpha-Methyltyrosine Hydrochloride [M0329126]
  
• alpha-Thrombin [M0021420]
  
• alpha-Tocopherol [M0370590]
  A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.
  
• Alphacutan�e [M0478343]
  
• Alphadione [M0351500]
  
• Alphaglobin [M0025532]
  
• Alphaprodine [M0000798]
  An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)
  
• Alphaprodine Hydrochloride [M0330746]
  
• Alphathesin [M0351501]
  
• Alpheprol [M0000808]
  
• Alprazolam [M0000806]
  A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)
  
• Alprenolol [M0000809]
  One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.
  
• Alprenolol Hydrochloride [M0000810]
  
• Alprostadil [M0000811]
  A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow. It inhibits platelet aggregation and has many other biological effects such as bronchodilation, mediation of inflammation, etc.
  
• Alprox [M0432029]
  
• Alrheumat [M0352656]
  
• Alrheumum [M0011997]
  
• Alseroxylon [M0018532]
  An alkaloidal extract from RAUWOLFIA.
  
• Althesin [M0000817]
  
• Altodor [M0351831]
  
• Altosid [M0351551]
  
• Altosid PS-10 [M0351550]
  
• Altramet [M0004480]
  
• Altretamine [M0010310]
  An alkylating agent proposed as an antineoplastic. It also acts as a chemosterilant for male houseflies and other insects.
  
• Alugel [M0431974]
  
• Alum Compounds [M0000823]
  Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.
  
• Alumino-4-Aminosalicylic Acid [M0015720]
  
• Aluminum Hydroxide [M0000825]
  A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.
  
• Aluminum Hydroxide (Gel), Dried [M0000827]
  
• Aluminum Hydroxide Gel [M0000826]
  
• Alupent [M0015387]
  
• Alvadermo [M0478593]
  
• Alveograf [M0027024]
  
• Alveolex [M0445743]
  
• Alyrane [M0485305]
  
• Alzheimer Vaccines [M0365996]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
  
• AM-0715 [M0353993]
  
• AM-833 [M0353991]
  
• Aman [M0432309]
  
• Amanta [M0432289]
  
• Amanta-HCI-AZU [M0432290]
  
• Amanta-Sulfate-AZU [M0432314]
  
• Amantadin AL [M0432310]
  
• Amantadin Stada [M0432291]
  
• Amantadin-neuraxpharm [M0432311]
  
• Amantadin-ratiopharm [M0432292]
  
• Amantadina Juventus [M0432293]
  
• Amantadina Llorente [M0432294]
  
• Amantadine [M0000847]
  An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake.
  
• Amantadine Hydrochloride [M0330750]
  
• Amantadine Sulfate [M0000848]
  
• Ambathizon [M0352347]
  
• Ambenonium Chloride [M0000853]
  A quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with actions similar to those of NEOSTIGMINE, but of longer duration. Ambenonium is given by mouth in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1112)
  
• Ambilar [M0353324]
  
• Amboclorin [M0372324]
  
• Ambril [M0451772]
  
• Ambro-Puren [M0451968]
  
• Ambrobeta [M0451969]
  
• Ambrofur [M0451970]
  
• Ambrolitic [M0451971]
  
• AMBROPP [M0451972]
  
• Ambroten [M0451770]
  
• Ambroxin [M0451978]
  
• Ambroxol [M0000855]
  A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.
  
• Ambush [M0056346]
  
• Amchafibrin [M0476861]
  
• Amebicides [M0000882]
  Agents which are destructive to amebae, especially the parasitic species causing AMEBIASIS in man and animal.
  
• Americaine [M0351623]
  
• Americium [M0000896]
  Americium. A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, atomic number 95, and atomic weight 243. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.
  
• Amicar [M0351469]
  
• Amidal [M0432514]
  
• Amidolacetate [M0351995]
  
• Amidonal [M0434049]
  
• Amidone [M0013545]
  
• Amidotricoic Acid [M0006227]
  
• Amidotrizoic Acid [M0006223]
  
• Amiduret Trom [M0432515]
  
• AMIF-72 [M0003103]
  
• Amifostine [M0007867]
  A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.
  
• Amifostine Disodium Salt [M0330364]
  
• Amifostine Monohydrate [M0330365]
  
• Amifostine Monohydrochloride [M0330363]
  
• Amiloberag [M0432516]
  
• Amiloride [M0000906]
  A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)
  
• Amiloride Hydrochloride [M0330756]
  
• Amiloride Hydrochloride, Anhydrous [M0330757]
  
• Aminacrine [M0000909]
  A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.
  
• Aminacrine Hydrochloride [M0000910]
  
• Aminazine [M0418365]
  
• Amines, Sympathomimetic [M0020946]
  
• Amineurin [M0433234]
  
• Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones [M0000915]
  Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating agents and are known to interfere in the translation process.
  
• Aminoacetonitrile [M0000933]
  Cyanomethylamine.
  
• Aminoacridines [M0000935]
  Acridines which are substituted in any position by one or more amino groups or substituted amino groups.
  
• Aminobutyric Acid [M0000941]
  
• Aminocaproic Acids [M0000942]
  A group of compounds that are derivatives of aminohexanoic acids.
  
• Aminodur [M0432652]
  
• Aminoform [M0351276]
  
• Aminoglutethimide [M0000944]
  An aromatase inhibitor that produces a state of "medical" adrenalectomy by blocking the production of adrenal steroids. It also blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Aminoglutethimide has been used in the treatment of advanced breast and prostate cancer. It was formerly used for its weak anticonvulsant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p454)
  
• Aminohippurate Sodium [M0432631]
  
• Aminoimidazole Carboxamide [M0000949]
  An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.
  
• Aminolevulinic Acid [M0000951]
  A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.
  
• Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride [M0477089]
  
• Aminonucleoside [M0018176]
  
• Aminooxyacetate [M0000956]
  
• Aminooxyacetic Acid [M0000955]
  A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.
  
• Aminophyllin [M0432653]
  
• Aminophylline [M0000959]
  A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.
  
• Aminophylline DF [M0432654]
  
• Aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphate [M0007868]
  
• Aminopt [M0432519]
  
• Aminopterin [M0000962]
  A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.
  
• Aminopyrine [M0000965]
  A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.
  
• Aminorex [M0000968]
  An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension.
  
• Aminosalicylic Acid [M0000970]
  
• Aminosalicylic Acids [M0000971]
  A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions.
  
• Amiobeta [M0433209]
  
• Amiodarona [M0433211]
  
• Amiodarone [M0000973]
  An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.
  
• Amiohexal [M0433212]
  
• Amipak [M0351943]
  
• Amitrip [M0433236]
  
• Amitriptylin beta [M0433251]
  
• Amitriptylin Desitin [M0433289]
  
• Amitriptylin RPh [M0433290]
  
• Amitriptylin-neuraxpharm [M0433291]
  
• Amitriptyline [M0000975]
  Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.
  
• Amitrol [M0433237]
  
• Amivalex [M0357387]
  
• Amixx [M0432296]
  
• Amizepine [M0354003]
  
• Amizyl [M0002302]
  
• Amlodipine [M0026284]
  A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.
  
• Amlodipine Besylate [M0373070]
  
• Amlodipine Maleate [M0329296]
  
• Amlodipine, (+-)-Isomer [M0329292]
  
• Amlodipine, (+-)-Isomer, Maleate (1:1) [M0329294]
  
• Amlodipine, (R)-Isomer [M0329293]
  
• Amlodipine, (S)-Isomer, Maleate (1:1) [M0329295]
  
• Ammonium Aurintricarboxylate [M0330823]
  
• Ammonium Chloride [M0000983]
  An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.
  
• Ammonium Succinate [M0029381]
  
• Amo Vitrax [M0357385]
  
• Amobarbital [M0001000]
  A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)
  
• Amobarbital Sodium [M0330770]
  
• Amodiaquine [M0001005]
  A 4-aminoquinoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.
  
• Amoxapine [M0001008]
  The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both. It also blocks dopamine receptors.
  
• Amphetamine [M0001012]
  A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
  
• Amphetamine Sulfate [M0331305]
  
• Amphiphilic Agents [M0020857]
  
• Amphojel [M0372284]
  
• Amprol [M0001032]
  
• Amprolium [M0001031]
  Veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with thiamine metabolism. It may cause thiamine deficiency.
  
• Ampyrone [M0001037]
  A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.
  
• Amrinone [M0001038]
  A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.
  
• Amsacrine [M0001039]
  Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but has poor activity in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy protocols. It produces consistent but acceptable myelosuppression and cardiotoxic effects.
  
• Amsal [M0433369]
  
• Amsidine [M0001042]
  
• Amsidyl [M0372296]
  
• Amuno [M0353728]
  
• Amvisc [M0010665]
  
• Amygdalin [M0001043]
  A cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of Rosaceae.
  
• Amyl Nitrite [M0001045]
  A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.
  
• Amylbarb sodium [M0433370]
  
• Amylobeta [M0433371]
  
• Amylomaize Starch [M0020433]
  
• Amylum [M0020436]
  
• Amytal [M0001003]
  
• Amytal Sodium [M0001004]
  
• AN-448 [M0353736]
  
• Anabolic Agents [M0450262]
  These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
  
• Anacin-3 [M0000118]
  
• Anadrol [M0350981]
  
• Anaesthesin [M0351622]
  
• Anafranil [M0004597]
  
• Anakinra [M0494869]
  A synthetic form of native human IL-1Ra that has an additional methionine residue at its amino terminus.
  
• Analeptics [M0001064]
  
• Analergine [M0001291]
  
• Analgesics [M0001067]
  Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
  
• Analgesics, Anti-Inflammatory [M0001334]
  
• Analgesics, Non-Narcotic [M0028038]
  Drugs that have principally analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions. They do not bind to opioid receptors and are not classified under the Controlled Substances Act. (From Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p109)
  
• Analgesics, Opioid [M0001068]
  Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
  
• Analgin [M0390943]
  
• Ananase [M0002935]
  
• Anapolon 50 [M0350982]
  
• Anaprilin [M0350583]
  
• Anaprotin [M0433951]
  
• Anaprox [M0014468]
  
• Anapsique [M0433238]
  
• Anaspaz [M0001930]
  
• Anatoxins [M0021728]
  
• Anavar [M0350975]
  
• Ancitabine [M0005461]
  Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.
  
• Ancobon [M0376290]
  
• Ancrod [M0001092]
  An enzyme fraction from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a number of amino acid esters and a limited proteolysis of fibrinogen. It is used clinically to produce controlled defibrination in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy. EC 3.4.21.-.
  
• Andiamine [M0010323]
  
• Andractim [M0433952]
  
• Androcur [M0026385]
  
• Androderm [M0476208]
  
• AndroGel [M0476209]
  
• Androgen Antagonists [M0001103]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.
  
• Androgens [M0001106]
  Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
  
• Androgens, Synthetic [M0001107]
  
• Android [M0474266]
  
• Android-10 [M0350999]
  
• Android-25 [M0350998]
  
• Android-5 [M0351000]
  
• Android-F [M0350995]
  
• Andropatch [M0476210]
  
• Androstenediol [M0023251]
  An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).
  
• Androtop [M0476211]
  
• Anecotan [M0351784]
  
• Anectine [M0351531]
  
• Anesthetic Gases [M0027997]
  
• Anesthetics [M0001167]
  Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.
  
• Anesthetics, Combined [M0028568]
  The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.
  
• Anesthetics, Dissociative [M0001168]
  Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
  
• Anesthetics, General [M0027992]
  Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)
  
• Anesthetics, Inhalation [M0027998]
  Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)
  
• Anesthetics, Intravenous [M0027999]
  Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)
  
• Anesthetics, Local [M0001169]
  Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
  
• Anethole Trithione [M0001171]
  Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.
  
• Angifonil [M0478046]
  
• Anginin [M0352574]
  
• Anginine [M0009431]
  
• Angiogenesis Inducing Agents [M0443878]
  Agents that induce or stimulate the PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS process. This is caused by a number of ANGIOGENIC PROTEINS.
  
• Angiogenesis Inhibitors [M0328153]
  Agents and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.
  
• Angiogenesis Modulating Agents [M0443876]
  Agents that modulate the PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS process. This is accomplished by endogenous ANGIOGENIC PROTEINS and a variety of other chemicals and pharmaceutical agents.
  
• Angiografin [M0350710]
  
• Angionorm [M0485097]
  
• Angiostatins [M0238172]
  Circulating 38-kDa proteins that are internal peptide fragments of PLASMINOGEN. The name derives from the fact that they are potent ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS. Angiostatins contain four KRINGLE DOMAINS which are associated with their potent angiostatic activity.
  
• Angiotensin Amide [M0001200]
  The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.
  
• Angiotensin II [M0001202]
  The active form of angiotensin. An octapeptide found in blood, it is synthesized from ANGIOTENSIN I and quickly destroyed. Angiotensin II causes profound vasoconstriction with a resulting increase in blood pressure. It differs among species by the amino acid in position 5. The human form has ISOLEUCINE in this position. The clinically and experimentally used bovine form has VALINE in position 5. Medically useful antagonism is obtained with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
  
• Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers [M0456879]
  Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS.
  
• Angiotensin II, Ile(5)- [M0055996]
  
• Angiotensin II, Val(5)- [M0001205]
  
• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors [M0001207]
  A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.
  
• Angiotensins [M0001210]
  Oligopeptides ranging in size from angiotensin precursors with 14 amino acids to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II with 8 amino acids, or their analogs or derivatives. The amino acid content varies with the species and changes in that content produce antagonistic or inactive compounds.
  
• Angioxine [M0352573]
  
• Anhydrous Tacrolimus [M0329463]
  
• Anhydrous Zinc Acetate [M0331306]
  
• Aniline Mustard [M0001217]
  Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent.
  
• Anion Exchange Resins [M0001247]
  High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.
  
• Anistreplase [M0024829]
  An acylated inactive complex of streptokinase and human lysine-plasminogen. After injection, the acyl group is slowly hydrolyzed, producing an activator that converts plasminogen to plasmin, thereby initiating fibrinolysis. Its half-life is about 90 minutes compared to 5 minutes for TPA; (TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR); 16 minutes for URINARY PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR and 23 minutes for STREPTOKINASE. If treatment is initiated within 3 hours of onset of symptoms for acute myocardial infarction, the drug preserves myocardial tissue and left ventricular function and increases coronary artery patency. Bleeding complications are similar to other thrombolytic agents.
  
• Anodynin [M0372299]
  
• Anorex [M0432369]
  
• ANP-3624 [M0351758]
  
• Anquil [M0459374]
  
• Ansaid [M0351587]
  
• Antabus [M0485243]
  
• Antabuse [M0006601]
  
• Antacids [M0001289]
  Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
  
• Antalon [M0474773]
  
• Antara Micronized Procetofen [M0479287]
  
• Antasten [M0353206]
  
• Antaxone [M0462923]
  
• Antazoline [M0001292]
  An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.
  
• Antazoline Hydrochloride [M0330778]
  
• Antazoline Phosphate [M0001293]
  
• Antazoline Phosphate (1:1) [M0330777]
  
• Ant�bor [M0475856]
  
• Antelepsin [M0004602]
  
• Anteovin [M0351263]
  
• Antepsin [M0020718]
  
• Antergan [M0005518]
  
• Anthelmintics [M0001301]
  Agents destructive to parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIASIS in man and animal.
  
• Anthisan [M0473996]
  
• Anthraforte [M0484996]
  
• Anthralin [M0001305]
  An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.
  
• Anthrax Vaccines [M0356664]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.
  
• Anthrogon [M0329002]
  
• Anti-Allergic Agents [M0028295]
  Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)
  
• Anti-Anxiety Agents [M0021771]
  Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. Some are also effective as anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, or anesthesia adjuvants. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.
  
• Anti-Arrhythmia Agents [M0001326]
  Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.
  
• Anti-Asthmatic Agents [M0028296]
  Drugs that are used to treat asthma.
  
• Anti-Dyskinesia Agents [M0028056]
  Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders. Most of these act centrally on dopaminergic or cholinergic systems. Among the most important clinically are those used for the treatment of Parkinson disease (ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS) and those for the tardive dyskinesias.
  
• Anti-HIV Agents [M0028839]
  Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
  
• Anti-Infective Agents [M0001329]
  Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.
  
• Anti-Infective Agents, Local [M0001330]
  Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.
  
• Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary [M0001331]
  Substances capable of killing agents causing urinary tract infections or of preventing them from spreading.
  
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents [M0001333]
  Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.
  
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal [M0001335]
  Anti-inflammatory agents that are not steroids. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They are used primarily in the treatment of chronic arthritic conditions and certain soft tissue disorders associated with pain and inflammation. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects. Certain NSAIDs also may inhibit lipoxygenase enzymes or phospholipase C or may modulate T-cell function. (AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p 1814-5)
  
• Anti-Obesity Agents [M0028922]
  Agents that increase energy expenditure and weight loss by neural and chemical regulation. Beta-adrenergic agents and serotoninergic drugs have been experimentally used in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to treat obesity.
  
• Anti-Retroviral Agents [M0446823]
  Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.
  
• Anti-Rheumatic Agents, Non-Steroidal [M0001336]
  
• Anti-Ulcer Agents [M0001340]
  Various agents with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate PEPTIC ULCER or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. This has included ANTIBIOTICS to treat HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS; HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS to reduce GASTRIC ACID secretion; and ANTACIDS for symptomatic relief.
  
• Anti-Worm [M0474729]
  
• Antibiotic X 5108 [M0351803]
  
• Antibiotics, Antineoplastic [M0001348]
  Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.
  
• Antibiotics, Cytotoxic [M0001349]
  
• Antibodies, Bispecific [M0027219]
  Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.
  
• Anticarcinogenic Agents [M0025302]
  Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved. They differ from antineoplastic agents in that they prevent neoplasms from forming. The anticarcinogenic substances can be divided into three categories. The first consists of compounds that prevent the formation of carcinogens from precursor substances. The second group consists of "blocking agents" which inhibit carcinogenesis by preventing carcinogenic agents from reaching or reacting with critical target sites in the tissues. The third group is the "suppressor agents" which act by suppression of expression of neoplasia in cells previously exposed to carcinogens that would otherwise cause neoplasms.
  
• Anticestodal Agents [M0001376]
  Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals.
  
• Anticholesteremic Agents [M0001378]
  Substances used to lower plasma cholesterol levels.
  
• Anticholinergic Agents [M0027990]
  
• Anticoagulants [M0001380]
  Agents that prevent blood clotting. Naturally occurring agents in the blood are included only when they are used as drugs.
  
• Anticoccid [M0372290]
  
• Anticoccidial Agents [M0004680]
  
• Anticol [M0006603]
  
• Anticonvulsants [M0001382]
  Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.
  
• Antidepressive Agents [M0001384]
  Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.
  
• Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation [M0028000]
  A structurally and mechanistically diverse group of drugs that are not tricyclics or monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The most clinically important appear to act selectively on serotonergic systems, especially by inhibiting serotonin reuptake.
  
• Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic [M0001387]
  Substances that contain a fused three-ring moiety and are used in the treatment of depression. These drugs block the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into axon terminals and may block some subtypes of serotonin, adrenergic, and histamine receptors. However the mechanism of their antidepressant effects is not clear because the therapeutic effects usually take weeks to develop and may reflect compensatory changes in the central nervous system.
  
• Antidiabetics [M0010902]
  
• Antidiarrheals [M0001388]
  Miscellaneous agents found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. They have no effect on the agent(s) that cause diarrhea, but merely alleviate the condition.
  
• Antidiuretic Agents [M0472145]
  Agents that reduce the excretion of URINE, most notably the octapeptide VASOPRESSINS.
  
• Antidotes [M0001390]
  Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.
  
• Antiemetics [M0001391]
  Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING. Antiemetics act by a wide range of mechanisms. Some act on the medullary control centers (the vomiting center and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) while others affect the peripheral receptors.
  
• Antiepileptic Agents [M0001383]
  
• Antifibrillatory Agents [M0001327]
  
• Antifibrinolytic Agents [M0001393]
  Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmins are known. The drugs are used to control massive hemorrhage and in other coagulation disorders.
  
• Antiflatulents [M0001395]
  
• Antiformin [M0020108]
  
• Antifungal Agents [M0001399]
  Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
  
• Antigens, Synthetic [M0022458]
  
• Antihemorrhagics [M0010184]
  
• Antiherpes Creme [M0448594]
  
• Antihistamines [M0010394]
  
• Antihistaminico Llorens [M0478190]
  
• Antihypertensive Agents [M0001456]
  Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.
  
• Antihyperuricemics [M0009559]
  
• Antilipemic Agents [M0001457]
  Substances used to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.
  
• Antilymphoblast Globulins [M0001460]
  
• Antilymphocyte Globulin [M0001462]
  
• Antilymphocyte Immunoglobulin [M0001463]
  
• Antilymphocyte Serum [M0001464]
  Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS. It is used both as a test for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY and therapeutically in TRANSPLANTATION.
  
• Antilysin [M0011907]
  
• Antimalarials [M0001469]
  Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)
  
• Antimanic Agents [M0028007]
  Agents that are used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders.
  
• Antimetabolites [M0001470]
  Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)
  
• Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic [M0001471]
  Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.
  
• Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides [M0093656]
  Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins.
  
• Antimicrobial Peptides, Neutrophil [M0093647]
  
• Antiminth [M0353427]
  
• Antimitotic Agents [M0001482]
  Agents that arrest cells in MITOSIS, most notably TUBULIN MODULATORS.
  
• Antimony Gluconic Acid [M0001474]
  
• Antimony Potassium Tartrate [M0001473]
  A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.
  
• Antimony Sodium Gluconate [M0001475]
  Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.
  
• Antimony Sodium Gluconates [M0001477]
  
• Antinematodal Agents [M0001481]
  Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.
  
• Antineoplastic Agents [M0001483]
  Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.
  
• Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating [M0028268]
  A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026)
  
• Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal [M0028300]
  Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)
  
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic [M0001486]
  Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.
  
• Antioxidants [M0001491]
  Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
  
• Antipain [M0001492]
  An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.
  
• Antiparasitic Agents [M0001493]
  Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
  
• Antiparkinson Agents [M0001494]
  Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.
  
• Antiperistaltic Agents [M0001389]
  
• Antiphlogistine Rub A-535 Capsaicin [M0467305]
  
• Antiplasmin [M0001495]
  A member of the serpin superfamily found in human plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are induced by plasminogen activator. It is a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in immunoelectrophoresis. It is the principal plasmin inactivator in blood, rapidly forming a very stable complex with plasmin.
  
• Antiplatelet Agents [M0017015]
  
• Antiplatyhelmintic Agents [M0001496]
  Agents used to treat cestode, trematode, or other flatworm infestations in man or animals.
  
• Antiprotozoal Agents [M0001497]
  Substances that are destructive to protozoans.
  
• Antipruritics [M0001498]
  Agents, usually topical, that relieve itching (pruritus).
  
• Antipsychotic Agents [M0021770]
  Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in schizophrenia, senile dementia, transient psychosis following surgery or myocardial infarction, etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.
  
• Antipyretics [M0028037]
  
• Antipyrine [M0001499]
  An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29)
  
• Antirheumatic Agents [M0027742]
  Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
  
• Antirheumatic Drugs, Disease-Modifying [M0027743]
  
• Antisacer [M0353224]
  
• Antischistosomal Agents [M0019487]
  
• Antiseptics, Urinary [M0001332]
  
• Antisickling Agents [M0001501]
  Agents used to prevent or reverse the pathological events leading to sickling of erythrocytes in sickle cell conditions.
  
• Antispasmodics [M0015924]
  
• Antispermatogenic Agents [M0001505]
  Agents, either mechanical or chemical, which destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spermatogenesis.
  
• Antistenocardin [M0374378]
  
• Antistine [M0353207]
  
• Antisyphilitic Agents [M0001513]
  
• Antithrombin III-Alpha [M0434010]
  
• Antithrombins [M0001510]
  An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of thrombin. Six naturally occurring antithrombins have been identified and are designated by Roman numerals I to VI. Of these, Antithrombin I (see FIBRIN) and ANTITHROMBIN III appear to be of major importance.
  
• Antithrombotic Agents [M0496901]
  
• Antithymoglobulin [M0001465]
  
• Antithyroid Agents [M0021475]
  Agents that are used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones.
  
• Antitoxins [M0001511]
  Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.
  
• Antitreponemal Agents [M0001512]
  Agents used to treat infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA. This includes SYPHILIS & YAWS.
  
• Antitrichomonal Agents [M0001514]
  Agents used to treat trichomonas infections.
  
• Antitubercular Agents [M0001515]
  Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.
  
• Antitussive Agents [M0001516]
  Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.
  
• Antivenins [M0001517]
  Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.
  
• Antivert [M0473869]
  
• Antiviral Agents [M0001518]
  Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
  
• Antril [M0148640]
  
• Anturane [M0020777]
  
• Anuject [M0017611]
  
• Anvitoff [M0476862]
  
• Anxut [M0465825]
  
• Anxyrex [M0477431]
  
• Anzatax [M0474878]
  
• Ap-La-Day [M0474412]
  
• Aparsonin [M0463241]
  
• Apaurin [M0006234]
  
• Apazone [M0001566]
  An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.
  
• Apazone Dihydrate [M0330783]
  
• Aphidicolin [M0025305]
  An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.
  
• Aphidicolin, (3-S-(3alpha,4beta,4abeta,6aalpha,8alpha,9alpha,11aalpha,11balpha)) [M0329464]
  
• Aphrodyne [M0476585]
  
• Apigenin [M0357150]
  5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.
  
• Apimid [M0482787]
  
• Apir Levulosa [M0482956]
  
• Apirachol [M0021612]
  
• Apo-Acebutolol [M0431313]
  
• Apo-Acetazolamide [M0431670]
  
• Apo-Alpraz [M0432030]
  
• Apo-Amitriptyline [M0433239]
  
• Apo-Baclofen [M0454555]
  
• Apo-Beclomethasone [M0473523]
  
• Apo-Benztropine [M0459460]
  
• Apo-Bisacodyl [M0477365]
  
• Apo-Bromazepam [M0477432]
  
• Apo-Buspirone [M0465826]
  
• Apo-Butorphanol [M0466374]
  
• Apo-Chlorpropamide [M0478304]
  
• Apo-Desipramine [M0485025]
  
• Apo-Desmopressin [M0492527]
  
• Apo-Diflunisal [M0485069]
  
• Apo-Dimenhydrinate [M0485122]
  
• Apo-Dipyridamole [M0485237]
  
• Apo-Domperidone [M0492509]
  
• Apo-Doxazosin [M0485270]
  
• Apo-Doxepin [M0485390]
  
• Apo-Feno-Micro [M0478143]
  
• Apo-Fluconazole [M0478551]
  
• Apo-Flurazepam [M0478659]
  
• Apo-Flurbiprofen [M0478660]
  
• Apo-Flutamide [M0482788]
  
• Apo-Gemfibrozil [M0482980]
  
• Apo-Labetalol [M0463249]
  
• Apo-Levobunolol [M0463366]
  
• Apo-Lorazepam [M0464799]
  
• Apo-Mefenamic [M0473887]
  
• Apo-Megestrol [M0473931]
  
• Apo-Methyldopa [M0474247]
  
• Apo-Minocycline [M0474858]
  
• Apo-Misoprostol [M0474345]
  
• Apo-Moclobemide [M0474399]
  
• Apo-Nortriptyline [M0464774]
  
• Apo-Pravastatin [M0475483]
  
• Apo-Prednisone [M0475828]
  
• Apo-Primidone [M0475723]
  
• Apo-Procainamide [M0475875]
  
• Apo-Propafenone [M0475997]
  
• Apo-Quinidine [M0474991]
  
• Apo-Sertraline [M0475545]
  
• Apo-Sulfinpyrazone [M0475942]
  
• Apo-Sulin [M0476024]
  
• Apo-Temazepam [M0476077]
  
• Apo-Tolbutamide [M0476639]
  
• Apo-Trazodone [M0476869]
  
• Apo-Triazo [M0476882]
  
• Apo-Warfarin [M0476574]
  
• Apokinon [M0434030]
  
• Apomorphin-Teclapharm [M0434031]
  
• Apomorphine [M0001603]
  A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.
  
• Apomorphine Chloride [M0001604]
  
• Apomorphine Hydrochloride, Anhydrous [M0331310]
  
• Apomorphine Hydrochloride, Hemihydrate [M0331311]
  
• Aponal [M0485389]
  
• Appetite Depressants [M0001614]
  Agents that are used to decrease appetite.
  
• Appetite Stimulants [M0028571]
  Agents that are used to stimulate appetite. These drugs are frequently used to treat anorexia associated with cancer and AIDS.
  
• Apressoline [M0010679]
  
• Aprindine [M0001626]
  A cardiac depressant used in arrhythmias.
  
• Aprinox [M0459368]
  
• Aprotinin [M0011905]
  A single-chain polypeptide derived from bovine tissues consisting of 58 amino-acid residues. It is an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes including CHYMOTRYPSIN; KALLIKREIN; PLASMIN; and TRYPSIN. It is used in the treatment of HEMORRHAGE associated with raised plasma concentrations of plasmin. It is also used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients at high risk of major blood loss during and following open heart surgery with EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
  
• Apstil [M0485065]
  
• Aptin [M0432071]
  
• Aptina [M0432072]
  
• Aptine [M0432070]
  
• Apulonga [M0451798]
  
• Apurin [M0451799]
  
• AQ-110 [M0021883]
  
• AQL-208 [M0021884]
  
• Aquafol [M0476032]
  
• Aquamephyton [M0373150]
  
• Aquaphyllin [M0353812]
  
• Aquaplast [M0357365]
  
• Aquareduct [M0475746]
  
• Aquasept [M0476889]
  
• Ara-C [M0369310]
  
• Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate [M0001640]
  A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.
  
• Aracytine [M0369309]
  
• Aralen [M0004184]
  
• Aramine [M0013527]
  
• Araminol [M0350573]
  
• Aratac [M0433213]
  
• Arbacet [M0351563]
  
• Arbaprostil [M0001657]
  A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and can inhibit the growth of experimental tumors.
  
• Arbutin [M0001660]
  
• Ardeydorm [M0477040]
  
• Ardinex [M0354266]
  
• Arduan [M0026261]
  
• Arecoline [M0001674]
  An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.
  
• Aremis [M0475546]
  
• Arequin [M0004181]
  
• Arestin [M0474859]
  
• Arginine Vasopressin [M0001691]
  The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked CYSTEINES at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.
  
• Argipressin Tannate [M0001692]
  
• Arima [M0474400]
  
• Aristamid Augensalbe [M0475945]
  
• Aristamid Augentropfen [M0475947]
  
• Aristocort [M0021895]
  
• Arithmin [M0434009]
  
• Aritmina [M0431777]
  
• Arlidin [M0015130]
  
• Armin [M0001703]
  A reversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It also affects the presynaptic membrane and inhibits membrane postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. The compound had former use as a miotic.
  
• Arminol [M0475976]
  
• Armophylline [M0353813]
  
• Arolac [M0463973]
  
• Aromatase Inhibitors [M0456327]
  Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.
  
• Aropax [M0363571]
  
• Arpicolin [M0475951]
  
• Arsanilic Acid [M0001717]
  An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.
  
• Arsenamide [M0001720]
  Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas.
  
• Arsobal [M0352108]
  
• Arsphenamine [M0001725]
  
• Artane [M0021973]
  
• Arterenol [M0014966]
  
• Arthrobid [M0350601]
  
• Arthrodont [M0485374]
  
• Artificial Hemoglobin [M0002719]
  
• Artocoron [M0462784]
  
• Artosin [M0476640]
  
• Arubendol [M0476169]
  
• Arufil [M0475326]
  
• Arvin [M0001094]
  
• Arvin IRC-50 [M0001093]
  
• Asacol [M0029389]
  
• Asacolon [M0474818]
  
• Ascolitin [M0474817]
  
• Ascorbic Acid [M0001797]
  A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
  
• Asendin [M0354081]
  
• Asepsol [M0002320]
  
• Asmabec Clickhaler [M0473527]
  
• Asparaginase [M0001815]
  A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1.
  
• Asparaginase medac [M0434509]
  
• Aspergillin [M0009276]
  
• Aspirin [M0001864]
  The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)
  
• Aspirin-Like Agents [M0001337]
  
• Asta C 4898 [M0006430]
  
• Asta Z 4942 [M0351954]
  
• ASTA-D 7093 [M0332065]
  
• Astatine [M0001882]
  Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
  
• Astemina [M0434734]
  
• Astemizol Alonga [M0434735]
  
• Astemizol ratiopharm [M0434736]
  
• Astemizole [M0025303]
  A long-acting, non-sedative antihistaminic used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria. The drug is well tolerated and has no anticholinergic side effects.
  
• Astesen [M0434737]
  
• Asthmoprotect [M0476170]
  
• Astmopent [M0015384]
  
• Astonin [M0478575]
  
• Astra 2045 [M0373883]
  
• Astringents [M0001889]
  Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions.
  
• Astudal [M0433349]
  
• Astyl [M0485008]
  
• Asuntol [M0352168]
  
• AT 10 [M0006418]
  
• AT III [M0434011]
  
• AT-2266 [M0353773]
  
• Atarax [M0010796]
  
• Atenativ [M0434012]
  
• Atenolol [M0001900]
  A cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.
  
• Atheroid [M0010192]
  
• Athromidin [M0351464]
  
• Atisuril [M0451870]
  
• Ativan [M0012697]
  
• Atosil [M0017711]
  
• Atovaquone [M0173858]
  A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.
  
• Atoxyl [M0001718]
  
• Atracurium [M0001922]
  A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.
  
• Atracurium Besylate [M0330821]
  
• Atrenyl [M0351181]
  
• Atriphos [M0372280]
  
• Atrocholin [M0485011]
  
• Atrofen [M0454554]
  
• Atromid [M0004583]
  
• AtroPen [M0440417]
  
• Atropin Augen�l [M0440418]
  
• Atropine [M0001931]
  An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE.
  
• Atropine Sulfate [M0001935]
  
• Atropine Sulfate, 3(S)-endo-Isomer [M0331323]
  
• Atropine, 3(S)-endo-Isomer [M0331322]
  
• Atropinol [M0440419]
  
• Atrovent [M0014401]
  
• Atsefen [M0351754]
  
• Auramine O [M0351188]
  
• Auranofin [M0001971]
  An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.
  
• Aureotan [M0440879]
  
• Aurintricarboxylate [M0001975]
  
• Aurintricarboxylic Acid [M0001974]
  A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.
  
• Aurintricarboxylic Acid, Calcium (1:3) Salt [M0330825]
  
• Aurintricarboxylic Acid, Calcium (2:3) Salt [M0330824]
  
• Aurintricarboxylic Acid, Trisodium Salt [M0330822]
  
• Aurodox [M0001343]
  Antibiotic obtained from a Streptomyces variant considered as possibly effective against Streptococcus pyogenes infections. It may promote growth in poultry.
  
• Aurolate [M0475556]
  
• Auromyose [M0440880]
  
• Aurorix [M0106136]
  
• Aurothioglucose [M0009526]
  A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals.
  
• Aurothioglucose, beta-D Isomer [M0330217]
  
• Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer [M0330218]
  
• Aurothiomalate [M0009528]
  
• Ausgem [M0482981]
  
• Autonomic Agents [M0002007]
  Agents affecting the function of, or mimicking the actions of, the autonomic nervous system and thereby having an effect on such processes as respiration, circulation, digestion, body temperature regulation, certain endocrine gland secretions, etc.
  
• Auxison [M0351476]
  
• Avatec [M0012242]
  
• Avazyme [M0478342]
  
• Avelizin [M0020583]
  
• Aventyl [M0464773]
  
• Avigilen [M0474894]
  
• Avil [M0369515]
  
• Aviomarin [M0351202]
  
• Avipron [M0004196]
  
• Avirax [M0449387]
  
• Avlocardyl [M0350579]
  
• Avlosulfone [M0372340]
  
• Awelysin [M0020584]
  
• Axid [M0025274]
  
• Axonyl [M0474895]
  
• Axsain [M0467306]
  
• Axura [M0474758]
  
• AY-20694 [M0017775]
  
• AY-23,028 [M0350541]
  
• AY-24,236 [M0352534]
  
• AY-25650 [M0337461]
  
• AY-9944 [M0464445]
  
• Azacitidine [M0002060]
  A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.
  
• Azacosterol [M0002057]
  Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol.
  
• Azaguanine [M0002061]
  One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.
  
• Azaperone [M0002062]
  A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.
  
• Azaron [M0476925]
  
• Azathioprine [M0002065]
  An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Azathioprine Sodium Salt [M0331325]
  
• Azathioprine Sulfate [M0331324]
  
• Azauridine [M0002068]
  A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.
  
• Azmacort [M0021899]
  
• Azo-Dine [M0474749]
  
• Azo-Gesic [M0474750]
  
• Azo-Natural [M0474751]
  
• Azo-Standard [M0474752]
  
• Azol [M0485004]
  
• Azophenylarsonate [M0015723]
  
• Azubronchin [M0445744]
  
• Azufibrat [M0460238]
  
• Azulfidine [M0019367]
  
• Azunaftil [M0462785]
  
• B-518 [M0369305]
  
• B-663 [M0354093]
  
• B.A.L. [M0485228]
  
• B10-9359 [M0351973]
  
• Ba 2756 [M0353205]
  
• Ba-34,276 [M0013022]
  
• Ba-34,647 [M0351459]
  
• Baclofen [M0002117]
  A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist at GABA-B receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-B). It is used in the treatment of spasticity, especially that due to spinal cord damage. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.
  
• Baclofen AWD [M0454556]
  
• Baclof�ne-Irex [M0454553]
  
• Baclospas [M0454552]
  
• Bacterial Vaccines [M0002132]
  Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.
  
• Bactidol [M0449826]
  
• Bactifor [M0024005]
  
• Bactrim [M0024003]
  
• BAL in Oil [M0485227]
  
• Balkis Saft Spezial [M0476191]
  
• Balminil [M0463336]
  
• Banminth [M0361644]
  
• Bantenol [M0474730]
  
• Banworm [M0474731]
  
• Barbamyl [M0001001]
  
• Barbital [M0002175]
  A long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. It is used as a hypnotic and sedative and may induce dependence. Barbital is also used in veterinary practice for central nervous system depression.
  
• Baridium [M0474753]
  
• Basodexan [M0373263]
  
• Batel [M0460098]
  
• Baxarytmon [M0017735]
  
• Bay 3504 [M0351812]
  
• Bay b 5097 [M0353209]
  
• Bay e 5009 [M0373560]
  
• Bay e 9736 [M0332201]
  
• Bay G 2821 [M0373557]
  
• Bay g 5421 [M0070909]
  
• Bay K 5552 [M0373900]
  
• Bay n 5595 [M0353401]
  
• Bay-09867 [M0353988]
  
• Bay-1040 [M0369481]
  
• BAY-a-1040 [M0369480]
  
• Bay-K-8644 [M0464447]
  
• Bay-K-8644, (+)-Isomer [M0330830]
  
• Bay-K-8644, (+-)-Isomer [M0330828]
  
• Bay-K-8644, (-)-Isomer [M0330829]
  
• Bay-R-5417 [M0002233]
  
• BAY-Va 1470 [M0023072]
  
• Bayer 2353 [M0350861]
  
• Bayer 2502 [M0352067]
  
• Bayer 3625 [M0351845]
  
• Bayer 5360 [M0352077]
  
• Bayer 70143 [M0351485]
  
• Bayer 73 [M0014829]
  
• Bayer 9015 [M0351844]
  
• Bayluscide [M0014830]
  
• Baypresol [M0463338]
  
• Baypress [M0463337]
  
• BC-105 [M0353424]
  
• BC-2627 [M0352884]
  
• BCG Vaccine [M0002239]
  An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.
  
• BCH-189 [M0028683]
  
• B�agyne [M0478552]
  
• Becaptan [M0351203]
  
• Beclamet [M0002262]
  
• Beclo Asma [M0473525]
  
• Beclo AZU [M0473524]
  
• Beclocort [M0002261]
  
• Beclomet [M0473588]
  
• Beclomethasone [M0002258]
  An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.
  
• Beclomethasone Dipropionate [M0002259]
  
• Beclorhinol [M0473674]
  
• Beclovent [M0473587]
  
• Beconase [M0002260]
  
• Beconase AQ [M0473586]
  
• Befibrat [M0460239]
  
• Beforal [M0352885]
  
• Bekunis Bisacodyl [M0477366]
  
• BellaCarotin [M0459878]
  
• Beloc-Duriles [M0350815]
  
• Belustine [M0012678]
  
• Bemecor [M0351159]
  
• Bemegride [M0002301]
  A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.
  
• Benactyzine [M0002303]
  A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.
  
• Benadryl [M0369591]
  
• Bencyclane [M0002307]
  A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels.
  
• Bencyclane Fumarate [M0002308]
  
• Bendapar [M0431890]
  
• Bendroflumethiazide [M0002310]
  A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810)
  
• Benecid [M0475732]
  
• Benemid [M0017602]
  
• Benodain [M0373152]
  
• Benperidol [M0002314]
  A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)
  
• Benperidol-neuraxpharm [M0459376]
  
• Benserazide [M0002315]
  An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.
  
• Bensylate [M0459461]
  
• Bentonite [M0002317]
  A colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate that swells 12 times its dry size when added to water.
  
• Bentyl [M0006317]
  
• Bentylol [M0477659]
  
• Benylin [M0006510]
  
• Benzalkonium [M0002321]
  
• Benzalkonium Chloride [M0002322]
  
• Benzalkonium Compounds [M0002323]
  A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.
  
• Benzatropine Methanesulfonate [M0045522]
  
• Benzatropine Methanesulfonate, Hydrobromide [M0308582]
  
• Benzatropine Methanesulfonate, Hydrobromide, (endo)-Isomer [M0308581]
  
• Benzatropine Methanesulfonate, Hydrochloride, (endo)-Isomer [M0308580]
  
• Benzbromaron AL [M0459469]
  
• Benzbromaron-ratiopharm [M0459468]
  
• Benzbromarone [M0002331]
  Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.
  
• Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibr [M0003118]
  Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.
  
• Benzethonium [M0002337]
  Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.
  
• Benzethonium Chloride [M0002339]
  
• Benzetimide [M0006101]
  
• Benzide [M0459369]
  
• Benzocaine [M0002353]
  A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and at nerve endings.
  
• Benzocaine Acetate [M0330837]
  
• Benzocaine Formate [M0330836]
  
• Benzocaine Hydrobromide [M0330833]
  
• Benzocaine Hydrochloride [M0330835]
  
• Benzocaine Methanesulfonate [M0330834]
  
• Benzodiazepines [M0002356]
  A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Permitted is any degree of hydrogenation, any substituents and any H-isomer.
  
• Benzoflavones [M0002358]
  Organic compounds containing a benzene ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of nucleic acids to benzopyrenes and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
  
• Benzoic Acid [M0029415]
  A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
  
• Benzoic Acids [M0029896]
  Acids, salts, and derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.
  
• Benzolamide [M0002362]
  Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.
  
• Benzomorphan [M0002364]
  
• Benzophenoneidum [M0002365]
  An aniline dye used as a disinfectant and an antiseptic agent. It is weakly fluorescing and binds specifically to certain proteins.
  
• Benzoyl Peroxide [M0002375]
  A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.
  
• Benzphetamine [M0002381]
  A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)
  
• Benztropine [M0002383]
  A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.
  
• Benzydamine [M0002384]
  A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.
  
• Benzydamine Hydrochloride [M0330843]
  
• Bepadin [M0024154]
  
• Bepridil [M0024153]
  A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.
  
• Bepridil Monohydrochloride [M0329449]
  
• Bepridil Monohydrochloride, alpha-Isomer [M0329448]
  
• Bepridil Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate [M0329450]
  
• Bepridil, (+)-Isomer [M0329445]
  
• Bepridil, (+-)-Isomer [M0329451]
  
• Bepridil, (-)-Isomer [M0329446]
  
• Bepridil, alpha-Isomer [M0329447]
  
• Berberine [M0002396]
  An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal.
  
• Beriplast [M0373275]
  
• Berkozide [M0459370]
  
• Berlthyrox [M0463497]
  
• Berolase [M0373249]
  
• Berotek [M0008336]
  
• Besuric [M0459467]
  
• beta Carotene [M0028611]
  A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)
  
• beta,gamma-Thrombin [M0021421]
  
• beta-1 Interferon [M0025714]
  
• beta-Acetyldigoxin [M0000184]
  
• beta-Acetyldigoxin-ratiopharm [M0431729]
  
• beta-Alanine Hydrochloride [M0329505]
  
• beta-Alanine, Calcium Salt (2:1) [M0329503]
  
• beta-Alanine, Monopotassium Salt [M0329504]
  
• beta-Alanine, Monosodium Salt [M0329502]
  
• beta-all-trans-Retinoic Acid [M0021880]
  
• beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea [M0330729]
  A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Diacetate [M0330732]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Dihydrobromide [M0000518]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Dihydrochloride [M0330736]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Dihydroiodide [M0330734]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Diperchlorate [M0330733]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Monohydrobromide [M0330731]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Phosphate (1:1) [M0330735]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Sulfate (1:1) [M0330730]
  
• beta-Ara C [M0369308]
  
• beta-Chloralose [M0004116]
  
• beta-Defensins [M0360490]
  DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells.
  
• beta-Escin [M0007734]
  
• beta-Mercaptopropionate [M0023221]
  
• beta-MSH [M0328127]
  An 18-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of gamma-lipotropin which is the N-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. Beta-MSH is shown to regulate skin pigmentation, steroid production, and feeding.
  
• beta-Naphthoflavone [M0028772]
  A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308)
  
• beta-Thrombin [M0021422]
  
• beta-Tocopherol [M0022800]
  A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.
  
• Betadine [M0017405]
  
• Betadren [M0350582]
  
• Betadrenol [M0003052]
  
• Betagan [M0003036]
  
• Betahistin AL [M0477350]
  
• Betahistin Stada [M0477351]
  
• Betahistin-ratiopharm [M0477352]
  
• Betahistine [M0002430]
  A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in Meniere's disease and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.
  
• Betahistine Dihydrobromide [M0330846]
  
• Betahistine Hydrochloride [M0330845]
  
• Betahistine Mesylate [M0330844]
  
• Betaine [M0002435]
  A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)
  
• Betaine Hydrochloride [M0002436]
  
• Betaisodona [M0017406]
  
• Betaloc-Astra [M0013687]
  
• Betalok [M0350814]
  
• Betamethasone [M0002437]
  A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)
  
• Betamethasone 17-Valerate [M0002438]
  The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.
  
• Betapressin [M0016115]
  
• Betavert [M0477353]
  
• Betaxolol [M0024177]
  A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity.
  
• Betaxolol Hydrochloride [M0024179]
  
• Betazole [M0002440]
  A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.
  
• Betazole Dihydrochloride [M0330849]
  
• Betazole Monohydrochloride [M0330848]
  
• Betel Nut [M0399463]
  
• Bethanechol [M0028052]
  A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, cardiac rate changes, and bronchial spasms.
  
• Bethanechol Chloride [M0028053]
  
• Bethanechol Compounds [M0002442]
  
• Bethanidine [M0002444]
  A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.
  
• Bethanidine Sulfate [M0002445]
  
• Betnovate [M0002439]
  
• Betoptic [M0024181]
  
• Beza-Lande [M0460240]
  
• Beza-Puren [M0460241]
  
• Bezabeta [M0460242]
  
• Bezacur [M0460243]
  
• Bezafibrat PB [M0460530]
  
• Bezafibrate [M0002449]
  Antilipemic agent that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides. It decreases low density lipoproteins and increases high density lipoproteins.
  
• Bezafisal [M0460116]
  
• Bezalip [M0002450]
  
• Bezamerck [M0460115]
  
• BFL [M0474239]
  
• Bi-58 [M0352171]
  
• BI-RG-587 [M0373316]
  
• Bichloroacetic Acid [M0006267]
  
• BiCNU [M0483979]
  
• Bicol [M0477367]
  
• Bicromat Spray [M0353582]
  
• Bicuculline [M0002466]
  Isoquinoline alkaloid from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants that is a competitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus causes convulsions.
  
• Biflavonoids [M0446742]
  Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.
  
• Bigumal [M0350949]
  
• Bilarcil [M0352156]
  
• Bilevon M [M0351843]
  
• Bilevon R [M0351840]
  
• Biltricide [M0353769]
  
• Binazine [M0021613]
  
• Biocarbazine [M0352400]
  
• Biocisplatinum [M0004506]
  
• Biocoryl [M0475876]
  
• Biodone [M0474179]
  
• Biodramina [M0485121]
  
• Bioflavonoids [M0002516]
  
• Bioflutin [M0477840]
  
• Biogastrone [M0353615]
  
• Biogenic Amines [M0002518]
  A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology.
  
• Biogonadil [M0009541]
  
• BIOLF-62 [M0372694]
  
• Biological Response Modifiers [M0023914]
  Biological or synthetic agents that are capable of eliciting specific and/or non-specific effects on immune responsiveness, thereby ultimately leading to an improvement in overall health of the patient. These agents can be further subcategorized into those that facilitate a normal immune response, those that stimulate the immune response, those that are capable of inducing noncytotoxic immunosuppression, and those that increase the ability of the host to tolerate damage by the cytotoxic modalities of the treatment.
  
• Biolon [M0392845]
  
• Biomet [M0004481]
  
• Biomet400 [M0004482]
  
• Biopyrin [M0372397]
  
• Bioquin [M0353875]
  
• Bioral [M0353614]
  
• Biosept [M0003969]
  
• Bioshik [M0352088]
  
• Biotidin [M0018471]
  
• Biperiden [M0002568]
  A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.
  
• Biperiden Hydrochloride [M0330860]
  
• Biperiden, 1R-(1 alpha,2 alpha(R*),4 alpha)-Isomer [M0330858]
  
• Biperiden, 1S-(1 alpha,2 alpha(R*),4 alpha)-Isomer [M0330859]
  
• Biphenabid [M0353864]
  
• Biquinate [M0475002]
  
• Birlane [M0352127]
  
• Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide [M0008531]
  An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis.
  
• Bis-Penicillamine-Enkephalin [M0117564]
  
• Bisac-Evac [M0477368]
  
• Bisacodyl [M0002606]
  A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of constipation and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)
  
• Bisacodyl Tannex [M0002607]
  
• Bisacodyl Uniserts [M0477370]
  
• Bisalax [M0477369]
  
• Bisbenzimide [M0010486]
  A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.
  
• Bisco-Lax [M0477371]
  
• Bisco-Zitron [M0477372]
  
• Biseptol [M0024006]
  
• Biseptol-480 [M0024007]
  
• Bisexovister [M0433954]
  
• Bisolvon [M0370935]
  
• Bisolvon AM [M0451979]
  
• Bisolvon NAC [M0445980]
  
• Bisoprolol [M0026256]
  A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.
  
• Bisoprolol Fumarate [M0026258]
  
• Bisoprolol Fumarate (1:1) Salt, (+-)-Isomer [M0329266]
  
• Bisoprolol Fumarate (2:1) Salt, (+-)-Isomer [M0329267]
  
• Bisoprolol Hydrochloride [M0329272]
  
• Bisoprolol Methanesulfonate Salt [M0329273]
  
• Bisoprolol, (+-)-Isomer [M0329265]
  
• Bisoprolol, (-)-Isomer [M0329274]
  
• Bisoprolol, Fumarate (1:1) Salt [M0329268]
  
• Bisoprolol, Fumarate (2:1) Salt [M0329270]
  
• Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies [M0027218]
  
• Bithionol [M0002618]
  Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.
  
• Bitin [M0002619]
  
• Bivalent Meningococcal Vaccine [M0118933]
  
• BL-191 [M0353118]
  
• Black Pepper [M0026366]
  A common spice from fruit of PIPER NIGRUM. Black pepper is picked unripe and heaped for a few days to ferment. White Pepper is the ripe fruit dehulled by maceration in water. PIPERINE is a key component used medicinally to increase gastrointestinal assimilation of other supplements and drugs.
  
• Bladuril [M0478253]
  
• Blastocarb [M0477266]
  
• Bleminol [M0451871]
  
• Bleph [M0475855]
  
• Bloat Guard [M0350684]
  
• Blocadren [M0021544]
  
• Blocking Agents, Sperm Maturation [M0001506]
  
• Blood Substitutes [M0002718]
  Substances that can carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the tissues when introduced into the blood stream. They are used to replace hemoglobin in severe hemorrhage and also to perfuse isolated organs. The best known are perfluorocarbon emulsions and various hemoglobin solutions.
  
• Blutal [M0004319]
  
• BM-15.075 [M0351461]
  
• BMY-27857 [M0372423]
  
• Bocatriol [M0466737]
  
• Bolinan [M0475327]
  
• Bolinan 40 [M0017399]
  
• Bolutol [M0482982]
  
• Bonamine [M0473870]
  
• Bone Density Conservation Agents [M0472480]
  Agents that inhibit BONE RESORPTION and/or favor BONE MINERALIZATION and BONE REGENERATION. They are used to heal BONE FRACTURES and to treat METABOLIC BONE DISEASES.
  
• Bonefos [M0006276]
  
• Bongkrekate [M0002800]
  
• Bongkrekic Acid [M0002799]
  An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.
  
• Bonifen [M0375430]
  
• Bonine [M0013178]
  
• Boots Bite & Sting Relief [M0473997]
  
• Boots Threadworm Treatment [M0474732]
  
• Borea [M0473932]
  
• Boron [M0002831]
  A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight 10.81. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.
  
• Botox [M0373309]
  
• Botulinum Antitoxin [M0002842]
  Antiserum given therapeutically in BOTULISM.
  
• Botulinum Toxin Type A [M0028703]
  A 150 kDa neurotoxic protein produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. When consumed in contaminated food it can cause paralysis and death. In its purified form, it has been used in the treatment of BLEPHAROSPASM and STRABISMUS.
  
• Botulinum Toxins [M0002844]
  Proteins synthesized as a single chain of ~150 kDa with 35% sequence identity to TETANUS TOXIN that is cleaved to a light and a heavy chain that are linked by a single disulfide bond. They have neuro-, entero-, and hemotoxic properties, are immunogenic, and include the most potent poisons known. The most commonly used apparently blocks release of ACETYLCHOLINE at cholinergic SYNAPSES.
  
• BR-750 [M0009671]
  
• Brainal [M0463281]
  
• Brandiazin [M0475866]
  
• Branigen [M0444058]
  
• Brasivil [M0431970]
  
• Bravelle [M0475589]
  
• Braxan [M0433214]
  
• Breezee [M0476659]
  
• Brentan [M0013756]
  
• Breonesin [M0352310]
  
• Brethaire [M0350538]
  
• Brethine [M0350537]
  
• Bretylate [M0463074]
  
• Bretylium Tosylate [M0002920]
  An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.
  
• Bretylol [M0350984]
  
• Brevicidin [M0022196]
  
• Brevimytal Natrium [M0474225]
  
• Brevital [M0369446]
  
• Bricanyl [M0021179]
  
• Brietal [M0369445]
  
• Brij 52 [M0003962]
  
• Brij 56 [M0003963]
  
• Brij-58 [M0003964]
  
• Brinaldix [M0350892]
  
• Brinedine [M0418289]
  
• Brinolase [M0002923]
  A fibrinolytic and thrombolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae. EC 3.4.99.-.
  
• Brionil [M0476698]
  
• Bristacol [M0475484]
  
• Britaject [M0434032]
  
• BRL-26921 [M0333009]
  
• BRL-29060 [M0363570]
  
• BRL-34915 [M0372959]
  
• BRL-38226 [M0029397]
  
• BRL-38227 [M0029398]
  
• BRL-43694A [M0026937]
  
• Brocresine [M0002927]
  A histidine decarboxylase inhibitor.
  
• BromaLich [M0477433]
  
• Bromaz 1A Pharma [M0477434]
  
• Bromazanil [M0477435]
  
• bromazep von ct [M0477436]
  
• Bromazepam [M0002929]
  One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.
  
• Bromazepam AL [M0477481]
  
• Bromazepam beta [M0477482]
  
• Bromazepam Heumann [M0477483]
  
• Bromazepam-neuraxpharm [M0477484]
  
• Bromazepam-ratiopharm [M0477485]
  
• Bromelain-POS [M0463076]
  
• Bromelains [M0002933]
  Protein-digesting and milk-clotting enzymes found in PINEAPPLE fruit juice and stem tissue. Enzymes from the two sources are distinguished as fruit bromelain and stem bromelain. There has been interest in using it for INFLAMMATION and DEBRIDEMENT. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.
  
• Bromhexin [M0465029]
  
• Bromhexin BC [M0463243]
  
• Bromhexine [M0002938]
  A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744)
  
• Bromhexine Hydrochloride [M0330882]
  
• Bromisovalum [M0002944]
  A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.
  
• Bromocriptine [M0002948]
  A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.
  
• Bromodeoxyuridine [M0002951]
  A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.
  
• Brompheniramine [M0002955]
  Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.
  
• Brompheniramine Maleate [M0330884]
  
• Bromsulphalein [M0020786]
  
• Bromthalein [M0361431]
  
• Bromvaleton [M0352403]
  
• Bromyl [M0352402]
  
• Broncho-Fips [M0445984]
  
• Bronchoconstrictor Agents [M0024569]
  Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.
  
• Bronchocort [M0473675]
  
• Bronchodilator Agents [M0002975]
  Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
  
• Broncholysin [M0000172]
  
• Broncholytic Agents [M0002976]
  
• Bronchopront [M0451983]
  
• Bronchowern [M0451984]
  
• Broncoclar [M0445988]
  
• Bronkodyl [M0362257]
  
• Bronkometer [M0011759]
  
• Brotazona [M0478176]
  
• Brotussol [M0465027]
  
• Broxol [M0451987]
  
• Brucella Vaccine [M0002988]
  A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats.
  
• Brucite [M0373105]
  
• Brufen [M0010969]
  
• BS-100-141 [M0024936]
  
• BTC-2125 [M0002324]
  
• BTS-18322 [M0351586]
  
• Bucarban [M0352364]
  
• Bucladesine [M0006259]
  A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Bucladesine, Barium (1:1) Salt [M0330529]
  
• Bucladesine, Disodium Salt [M0330530]
  
• Bucladesine, Monosodium Salt [M0330527]
  
• Bucladesine, Sodium Salt [M0330528]
  
• Budesonide [M0029420]
  A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.
  
• Budesonide, (R)-Isomer [M0329030]
  
• Budesonide, (S)-Isomer [M0329074]
  
• Bufal [M0465108]
  
• Bufederm [M0465110]
  
• Bufexamac [M0003003]
  A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.
  
• Bufexamac-ratiopharm [M0465111]
  
• Buformin [M0003015]
  An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation.
  
• Bufotenin [M0003017]
  A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.
  
• Bumedyl [M0465163]
  
• Bumetanide [M0003024]
  A sulfamyl diuretic.
  
• Bumex [M0465164]
  
• Bunaftine [M0003025]
  N-Butyl-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-naphthamide. A proposed antiarrhythmic that prolongs myocardial refractory period and stabilizes cell membranes.
  
• Bunolol [M0003035]
  
• Bunolol Hydrochloride [M0333576]
  
• Bupivacain Janapharm [M0465181]
  
• Bupivacain-RPR [M0465182]
  
• Bupivacaina Braun [M0465183]
  
• Bupivacaine [M0003045]
  A widely used local anesthetic agent.
  
• Bupivacaine Anhydrous [M0330886]
  
• Bupivacaine Carbonate [M0003046]
  
• Bupivacaine Hydrochloride [M0330885]
  
• Bupranolol [M0003051]
  An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.
  
• Buprenex [M0352882]
  
• Buprenorphine [M0003054]
  A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.
  
• Buprenorphine Hydrochloride [M0330887]
  
• Bupropion [M0025361]
  A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to block dopamine uptake. The hydrochloride is available as an aid to smoking cessation treatment.
  
• Bupropion Hydrochloride [M0025362]
  
• Bupropion Hydrochloride, (+-)-Isomer [M0331327]
  
• Bupropion, (+-)-Isomer [M0331329]
  
• Burimamide [M0003056]
  An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.
  
• Burinex [M0465165]
  
• Buscapine [M0353024]
  
• Buscolysin [M0353023]
  
• Buscopan [M0353026]
  
• Buserelin [M0003073]
  A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.
  
• Buserelin Acetate [M0330888]
  
• Busp [M0465827]
  
• Buspar [M0003078]
  
• Buspirone [M0003077]
  An anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the benzodiazepines, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.
  
• Buspirone Hydrochloride [M0350950]
  
• Busulfan [M0003079]
  An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen.
  
• Busulfan Wellcome [M0466352]
  
• Busulfex [M0466353]
  
• Butaclamol [M0003083]
  A benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol that has been used as an antipsychotic, especially in schizophrenia.
  
• Butaclamol Hydrochloride [M0003082]
  
• Butacote [M0016549]
  
• Butadione [M0016551]
  
• Butaliret [M0476173]
  
• Butamide Brand of Tolbutamide [M0352384]
  
• Butapyrazole [M0016552]
  
• Butazolidin [M0016550]
  
• Buthionine Sulfoximine [M0028777]
  A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7)
  
• Butorphanol [M0003094]
  A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.
  
• Butorphanol Tartrate [M0003095]
  
• Butoxamine [M0003096]
  A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize beta-2 receptor involvement and identify beta-2 receptors.
  
• Butoxamine Hydrochloride [M0003097]
  
• Butylated Hydroxyanisole [M0003104]
  Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
  
• Butylated Hydroxytoluene [M0003105]
  A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.
  
• Butylcarbamide [M0003413]
  
• Butylscopolammonium Bromide [M0003107]
  Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.
  
• Buvacaina [M0465185]
  
• BW 284 C 51 [M0464449]
  
• BW 57-323H [M0352354]
  
• BW A509U [M0373894]
  
• BW-180C [M0373907]
  
• BW-33A [M0353762]
  
• BW-755C [M0024166]
  A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.
  
• BW-759 [M0372693]
  
• By-Vertin [M0477341]
  
• C-283 [M0014871]
  
• C.B.B. [M0460094]
  
• C.I. 40850 [M0351962]
  
• C.I. 42555 [M0351187]
  
• C.I. Basic Red 5 [M0354096]
  
• Ca-DTPA [M0006872]
  
• Cadmium 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol [M0006440]
  
• Caelyx [M0417714]
  Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride.
  
• Caerulein [M0003135]
  A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.
  
• Caffedrine [M0466578]
  
• Caffeine [M0003138]
  A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
  
• Calamus Root [M0389903]
  
• Calan [M0376210]
  
• Calanolides [M0419384]
  COUMARINS with two added pyran rings. Some are found in the CALOPHYLLUM genus of plants.
  
• Calcamine [M0351194]
  
• Calcijex [M0466738]
  
• Calciofon [M0351616]
  
• Calcipot [M0467172]
  
• Calcitite [M0027025]
  
• Calcitriol [M0003148]
  The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.
  
• Calcitriol KyraMed [M0467159]
  
• Calcitriol-Nefro [M0467158]
  
• Calcium Braun [M0467166]
  
• Calcium Carbimide [M0330580]
  
• Calcium Carbonate [M0003155]
  Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
  
• Calcium Channel Agonists [M0003163]
  Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in vascular smooth muscle and/or cardiac muscle cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.
  
• Calcium Channel Blockers [M0003165]
  A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. Since they are inducers of vascular and other smooth muscle relaxation, they are used in the drug therapy of hypertension and cerebrovascular spasms, as myocardial protective agents, and in the relaxation of uterine spasms.
  
• Calcium Chloride [M0003166]
  A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
  
• Calcium Chloride Dihydrate [M0330895]
  
• Calcium Citrate [M0028810]
  A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
  
• Calcium Disodium Versenate [M0363997]
  
• Calcium Dobesilate [M0003167]
  A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.
  
• Calcium Dobesilate (1:1) [M0330898]
  
• Calcium Dobesilate Monoammonium Salt [M0330896]
  
• Calcium Dobesilate Monopotassium Salt [M0330897]
  
• Calcium Fusarate [M0008906]
  
• Calcium Gluconate [M0003171]
  The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.
  
• Calcium Glycerophosphate [M0009421]
  
• Calcium Hydroxide [M0003172]
  A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.
  
• Calcium Pantothenate [M0015822]
  
• Calcium Phosphates [M0003178]
  Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.
  
• Calcium Phytate [M0016818]
  
• Calcium Tetacine [M0007072]
  
• Calcium Valproate [M0022499]
  
• Calcivitol [M0467167]
  
• Calderol [M0462848]
  
• Calglucon [M0351617]
  
• Californium [M0003203]
  Californium. A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.
  
• Calipsol [M0351824]
  
• Calm-X [M0485120]
  
• Calmday [M0476798]
  
• Calmivet [M0431450]
  
• Calnit [M0463282]
  
• Cambendazole [M0003231]
  A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses.
  
• Camoquine [M0001006]
  
• Camphor [M0003240]
  A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
  
• Camphor, (+-)-Isomer [M0331333]
  
• Camphor, (1R)-Isomer [M0331335]
  
• Camphor, (1S)-Isomer [M0331334]
  
• Camptothecin [M0003242]
  An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.
  
• Canasa [M0474819]
  
• Cancer Vaccines [M0028986]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.
  
• Canderel [M0434513]
  
• Canesten [M0004643]
  
• Cannabidiol [M0003266]
  Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.
  
• Cannabinol [M0003268]
  A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.
  
• Canrenoate Potassium [M0003281]
  A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity.
  
• Canrenoic Acid [M0330907]
  
• Canrenone [M0003283]
  A synthetic pregnadiene compound with anti-aldosterone activity.
  
• Cantharidin [M0003285]
  A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.
  
• Canthaxanthin [M0025364]
  A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.
  
• Caparsolate [M0352104]
  
• Capex [M0478594]
  
• Caplenal [M0451872]
  
• Capoten [M0003322]
  
• Capralense [M0432613]
  
• Caproamin [M0432614]
  
• Caprocid [M0351468]
  
• Caprolest [M0432615]
  
• Capronor [M0025738]
  
• Capsaicin [M0003308]
  An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.
  
• Capsicum Farmaya [M0467307]
  
• Capsidol [M0467308]
  
• Capsin [M0467347]
  
• Captopril [M0003319]
  A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.
  
• Capurate [M0451873]
  
• Capval [M0464783]
  
• Capval Tropfen [M0464784]
  
• Capzasin [M0467348]
  
• Carac [M0478643]
  
• Caradrin [M0351154]
  
• Carafate [M0352125]
  
• Carasel [M0475019]
  
• Carbachol [M0003323]
  A slowly hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
  
• Carbadox [M0003326]
  An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)
  
• Carbamann [M0467366]
  
• Carbamazepine [M0003328]
  An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but some of its actions resemble those of PHENYTOIN; although there is little chemical resemblance between the two compounds, their three-dimensional structure is similar.
  
• Carbamazepine Acetate [M0330914]
  
• Carbamazepine Dihydrate [M0330915]
  
• Carbamazepine Hydrochloride [M0330912]
  
• Carbamazepine L-Tartrate (4:1) [M0330913]
  
• Carbamazepine Phosphate [M0330911]
  
• Carbamazepine Sulfate (2:1) [M0330910]
  
• Carbamylcholine [M0003324]
  
• Carbastat [M0467367]
  
• Carbazepin [M0354005]
  
• Carbazilquinone [M0003336]
  An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.
  
• Carbenoxolone [M0003342]
  An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.
  
• Carbenoxolone Sodium [M0003343]
  
• Carbidopa [M0003345]
  An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE, preventing conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no antiparkinson actions by itself.
  
• Carbidopa, (R)-Isomer [M0330921]
  
• Carbidopa, (S)-Isomer [M0330920]
  
• Carbimazole [M0003346]
  An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.
  
• Carbimazole Henning [M0477265]
  
• Carbocaine [M0013435]
  
• Carbocysteine [M0003348]
  A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.
  
• Carbocysteine, L-Isomer [M0330922]
  
• Carbofuran [M0003352]
  A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Carbomix [M0478055]
  
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors [M0003396]
  A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.
  
• Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone [M0003398]
  A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.
  
• Carboplatin [M0024707]
  An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity.
  
• Carboprost [M0003399]
  A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREGNANCY.
  
• Carboptic [M0467368]
  
• Carbosan [M0467651]
  
• Carbosin [M0477268]
  
• Carbotec [M0477267]
  
• Carboxycellulose [M0003792]
  
• Carboxymethylcellulose [M0003407]
  A cellulose derivative which is a Beta-(1->4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.
  
• Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium [M0357369]
  
• Carboxymethylcysteine [M0003349]
  
• Carbutamide [M0003414]
  A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)
  
• Cardanat [M0477841]
  
• Cardene [M0463035]
  
• Cardene I.V. [M0463038]
  
• Cardene SR [M0463036]
  
• Cardiac Depressants [M0001328]
  
• Cardiac Glycosides [M0003451]
  Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 5- or 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGARS attached at the 3-position. Plants they come from have long been used in congestive heart failure. They increase the force of cardiac contraction without significantly affecting other parameters, but are very toxic at larger doses. Their mechanism of action usually involves inhibition of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE and they are often used in cell biological studies for that purpose.
  
• Cardiazol [M0373142]
  
• Cardil [M0353525]
  
• Cardilate [M0350697]
  
• Cardiocap [M0353586]
  
• Cardiomax [M0450532]
  
• Cardioplegic Solutions [M0003469]
  Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the performance of heart surgery.
  
• Cardiorythmine [M0431778]
  
• Cardiotonic Agents [M0003471]
  Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE).
  
• Cardiovascular Agents [M0003472]
  Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.
  
• Cardioxane [M0018538]
  
• Cardonit 40 [M0011789]
  
• Cardophyllin [M0432669]
  
• Cardura [M0026252]
  Trade name in United States.
  
• Carduran Neo [M0485266]
  
• Carentil [M0485330]
  
• Cariostatic Agents [M0003487]
  Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
  
• Carisoma [M0477278]
  
• Carisoprodol [M0003488]
  A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202)
  
• Carlyt�ne [M0474460]
  
• Carminomycin III [M0003572]
  
• Carmol [M0373262]
  
• Carmustine [M0003490]
  A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Carophyll Red [M0351961]
  
• Carotaben [M0459879]
  
• Carrageenan [M0003555]
  A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the Irish moss CHONDRUS CRISPUS (Carrageen), and Gigartina stellata. It is used as a stabilizer, for suspending COCOA in chocolate manufacture, and to clarify BEVERAGES.
  
• Carsil [M0019874]
  
• Carteolol [M0003563]
  A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.
  
• Carteolol Hydrochloride [M0003565]
  
• Carticaine [M0003566]
  A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.
  
• Carticaine Hydrochloride [M0492413]
  
• Carubicin [M0003573]
  A very toxic anthracycline-type antineoplastic related to DAUNORUBICIN, obtained from Actinomadura carminata.
  
• Carubicin Hydrochloride [M0003577]
  
• Carwin [M0350805]
  
• Caryolysine [M0013167]
  
• Casanthranol [M0003581]
  A concentrated mixture of anthranol glycosides derived from cascara sagrada.
  
• Cassadan [M0432031]
  
• Castor Oil [M0003604]
  Oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer.
  
• Catapres [M0004615]
  
• Catechin [M0003638]
  An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.
  
• Catergen [M0003640]
  
• Cathartics [M0003655]
  Agents that promote and/or ease defecation by accelerating the passage of feces through the large intestine, by influencing the consistency and amount of stool, and by facilitating the elimination of feces from the rectum. The terms laxative and cathartic reflect the typical intensity and latency of effect. A cathartic usually produces prompt fluid evacuation, while a laxative usually produces a soft formed stool over a protracted period; the same drug may act as a laxative or a cathartic depending on the dose administered or individual patient sensitivity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p941)
  
• Caustics [M0003694]
  Strong alkaline chemicals that destroy soft body tissues resulting in a deep, penetrating type of burn, in contrast to corrosives, that result in a more superficial type of damage via chemical means or inflammation. Caustics are usually hydroxides of light metals. SODIUM HYDROXIDE and potassium hydroxide are the most widely used caustic agents in industry. Medically, they have been used externally to remove diseased or dead tissues and destroy warts and small tumors. The accidental ingestion of products (household and industrial) containing caustic ingredients results in thousands of injuries per year.
  
• Caverject [M0474674]
  
• CB-1348 [M0372323]
  
• CB-154 [M0352818]
  
• CBA-93626 [M0352605]
  
• CBG [M0467168]
  
• CCNU [M0012677]
  
• CD4 Immunoadhesins [M0025662]
  Chimeric molecules resulting from the fusion of recombinant soluble CD4 to the Fc portion of immunoglobulins. These have potential use in the therapy of AIDS since they possess both the gp120-binding and HIV-blocking properties of rCD4 as well as the long plasma half-life and Fc receptor-binding functions of immunoglobulin.
  
• CD4-IgG [M0025663]
  
• CDPdiacylglycerol-Serine O-Phosphatidyltransferase [M0016649]
  An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylserine and CMP from CDPdiglyceride plus serine. EC 2.7.8.8.
  
• Cebutid [M0478661]
  
• Cecenu [M0463991]
  
• Cedilanid-D [M0357355]
  
• Cedur [M0351460]
  
• CeeNU [M0012679]
  
• Ceepryn Chloride [M0003970]
  
• Celeston [M0372306]
  
• Celestona [M0372305]
  
• Celestone [M0372304]
  
• Celevac [M0474240]
  
• Celiase [M0020585]
  
• Celiprolol [M0026215]
  A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist that may act as a partial agonist at some adrenergic sites.
  
• Celiprolol Monohydrochloride [M0350549]
  
• Celiprolol, (+,-)-Isomer [M0329369]
  
• Celiprolol, (R)-Isomer [M0329370]
  
• Celiprolol, (S)-Isomer [M0329371]
  
• Celiprolol, Monohydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0329367]
  
• Celiprolol, Monohydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329366]
  
• cellblastin [M0476538]
  
• cellcristin [M0476544]
  
• Cellestoderm [M0372307]
  
• Cellidrin [M0353789]
  
• Celloidin [M0004798]
  
• Cellolax [M0003409]
  
• Cellothyl [M0474241]
  
• Celltop [M0478085]
  
• Cellulone [M0474242]
  
• Cellulose, Oxidized [M0003793]
  A cellulose of varied carboxyl content retaining the fibrous structure. It is used as a local hemostatic and as a matrix for normal blood coagulation.
  
• Celocurine [M0351527]
  
• Celupan [M0462924]
  
• Centchroman [M0003797]
  A non-steroidal anti-fertility agent with anti-hormonal properties.
  
• Central Nervous System Agents [M0003803]
  A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into "specific" agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and "nonspecific" agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (From Gilman AG, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p252)
  
• Central Nervous System Depressants [M0003804]
  A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).
  
• Central Nervous System Stimulants [M0001063]
  A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.
  
• Centramina [M0432470]
  
• Centrax [M0353491]
  
• Centroph�ne [M0476911]
  
• Centyl [M0459371]
  
• Ceplene [M0455955]
  Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.
  
• Ceporin [M0354283]
  
• Cerazet [M0463413]
  
• Cerazette [M0485028]
  
• Cercobin M-70 [M0021368]
  
• Cerebramed [M0432297]
  
• Cerebroforte [M0474896]
  
• Cerebrosides [M0003906]
  Neutral glycosphingolipids that contain a monosaccharide, normally glucose or galactose, in 1-ortho-beta-glycosidic linkage with the primary alcohol of an N-acyl sphingoid (ceramide). In plants the monosaccharide is normally glucose and the sphingoid usually phytosphingosine. In animals, the monosaccharide is usually galactose, though this may vary with the tissue and the sphingoid is usually sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1st ed)
  
• Cerebrovase [M0485238]
  
• Cerebroxine [M0353111]
  
• Cerepar N [M0474897]
  
• Cerespan [M0015831]
  
• CERM-1978 [M0024155]
  
• Cerubidine [M0005684]
  
• Cerucal [M0350876]
  
• Cerulenin [M0003925]
  Antifungal antibiotic isolated from several species, including Acremonium (Cephalosporium), Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function and is used as a biochemical tool.
  
• Cerutil [M0351753]
  
• Cesol [M0475493]
  
• Ceta Sulfa [M0475857]
  
• Cetalerg [M0477947]
  
• Cetamide [M0475858]
  
• Cetamium [M0003972]
  
• Ceterifug [M0477948]
  
• Cethylose [M0357368]
  
• Ceti TAD [M0477949]
  
• Ceti-Puren [M0477950]
  
• Cetiderm [M0477951]
  
• Cetidura [M0477952]
  
• Cetil von ct [M0477953]
  
• CetiLich [M0477954]
  
• Cetimil [M0476697]
  
• Cetiprin [M0007265]
  
• Cetirigamma [M0477955]
  
• Cetirizin AL [M0477957]
  
• Cetirizin AZU [M0477958]
  
• Cetirizin Basics [M0477959]
  
• Cetirizine [M0026321]
  A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.
  
• Cetirizine Dihydrochloride [M0026323]
  
• Cetirlan [M0477946]
  
• Cetomacrogol [M0003965]
  Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.
  
• Cetomacrogol 1000 [M0003966]
  
• Cetrexin [M0351752]
  
• Cetrimides [M0003967]
  
• Cetrimonium Compounds [M0003968]
  Cetyltrimethylammonium compounds that have cationic detergent, antiseptic, and disinfectant activities. They are used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as preservatives; on skin, mucous membranes, etc., as antiseptics or cleansers, and also as emulsifiers. These compounds are toxic when used orally due to neuromuscular blockade.
  
• Cetylpyridinium [M0003973]
  Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.
  
• Cetylpyridinium Chloride [M0003974]
  
• Cetylyre [M0478047]
  
• Cevadine [M0022611]
  
• CGP-2175 [M0350811]
  
• CGS-16949A [M0026295]
  
• CH-13437 [M0351589]
  
• Chamomile Oil [M0329026]
  
• Charbon [M0478056]
  
• CharcoAid [M0478058]
  
• Charcoal [M0003993]
  An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
  
• CharcoCaps [M0478059]
  
• Charcodote [M0478063]
  
• Chelating Agents [M0004002]
  Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination bonds with a central metal ion. Heterocyclic rings are formed with the central metal atom as part of the ring. Some biological systems form metal chelates, e.g., the iron-binding porphyrin group of hemoglobin and the magnesium-binding chlorophyll of plants. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed) They are used chemically to remove ions from solutions, medicinally against microorganisms, to treat metal poisoning, and in chemotherapy protocols.
  
• Chelaton 3 [M0007073]
  
• Chem mart Gemfibrozil [M0482983]
  
• Chem mart Moclobemide [M0474401]
  
• Chemet [M0475786]
  
• Chenix [M0004033]
  
• Chenodeoxycholate [M0004031]
  
• Chenodeoxycholic Acid [M0004029]
  A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.
  
• Chenofalk [M0478115]
  
• Chibro-Proscar [M0478249]
  
• Chickenpox Vaccine [M0028909]
  A live, attenuated varicella virus vaccine used for immunization against chickenpox. It is recommended for children between the ages of 12 months and 13 years.
  
• Chiclida [M0473871]
  
• Chimax [M0482789]
  
• Chinoform [M0011657]
  
• Chinofungin [M0350946]
  
• Chinosol [M0353876]
  
• Chirurcoll [M0351406]
  
• Chitosan [M0049825]
  Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.
  
• Chlo-Amine [M0478187]
  
• Chloditan [M0351883]
  
• Chlodithane [M0351882]
  
• Chlophazolin [M0004614]
  
• Chlor-100 [M0478184]
  
• Chlor-Trimeton [M0004193]
  
• Chlor-Tripolon [M0478188]
  
• Chloraethyl Dr. Henning [M0477824]
  
• Chloral Hydrate [M0004114]
  A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. The safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments. It is no longer considered useful as an anti-anxiety medication.
  
• Chloralose [M0004117]
  A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.
  
• Chlorambucil [M0004118]
  A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Chlorazepate [M0004627]
  
• Chlorazine [M0004201]
  
• Chlordelazine [M0354102]
  
• Chlordiazepoxide [M0004133]
  An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.
  
• Chlordiazepoxide Hydrobromide [M0330627]
  
• Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride [M0330625]
  
• Chlordiazepoxide Perchlorate [M0330624]
  
• Chloretone [M0350666]
  
• Chlorfenvinphos [M0004137]
  An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide.
  
• Chlorhexidine [M0004138]
  A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.
  
• Chlorhexidine Acetate [M0004139]
  
• Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride [M0004140]
  
• Chloridin [M0373206]
  
• Chloriguane [M0350948]
  
• Chlorisept [M0476660]
  
• Chlorisondamine [M0004145]
  A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.
  
• Chlorisondamine Chloride [M0004146]
  
• Chlormadinone [M0330629]
  
• Chlormadinone Acetate [M0004147]
  An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive.
  
• Chlormadinone Acetate, (9 beta,10 alpha)-Isomer [M0330633]
  
• Chlormerodrin [M0004155]
  A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.
  
• Chlormethiazole [M0004156]
  A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.
  
• Chlormezanone [M0004158]
  A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.
  
• Chlornitromycin [M0004123]
  
• Chlorobutanol [M0004163]
  A colorless to white crystalline compound with a camphoraceous odor and taste. It is a widely used preservative in various pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables. Also, it is an active ingredient in certain oral sedatives and topical anesthetics.
  
• Chlorocid [M0004124]
  
• Chloroguanide [M0004166]
  A biguanide compound which has little antimalarial activity until metabolized in the body to the active antimalarial agent cycloguanil. The usefulness of proguanil is limited by the rapid development of drug resistance by the malarial parasite. The hydrochloride is used for the casual prophylaxis of falciparum malaria, to suppress other forms of malaria, and to reduce transmission of infection (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p405)
  
• Chloroguanide Hydrochloride [M0004168]
  
• Chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic Acid [M0004173]
  
• Chloromycetin [M0004122]
  
• Chloroquine [M0004182]
  The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
  
• Chloroquine Sulfate [M0353850]
  
• Chloroquinolinols [M0004185]
  8-Hydroxyquinolinols chlorinated on the number 5 and/or 7 carbon atom(s). They are antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antidiarrheal, especially in amebiasis, and have also been used as antiseborrheics. The compounds are mostly used topically, but have been used also as animal feed additives. They may cause optic and other neuropathies and are most frequently administered in combination with other agents.
  
• Chlorothiazide [M0004186]
  A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812)
  
• Chlorotrianisene [M0004187]
  A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.
  
• Chlorphed [M0465097]
  
• Chlorphenamidine [M0004188]
  An acaricide used against many organophosphate and carbamate resistant pests. It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
  
• Chlorphenesin [M0004189]
  A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203)
  
• Chlorpheniramine [M0004190]
  A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.
  
• Chlorpheniramine Maleate [M0004192]
  
• Chlorpheniramine Tannate [M0423769]
  
• Chlorphentermine [M0004194]
  A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)
  
• Chlorphentermine Hydrochloride [M0004195]
  
• Chlorpro [M0478185]
  
• Chlorpromazine [M0004198]
  The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.
  
• Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride [M0363614]
  
• Chlorpropamide [M0004204]
  A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)
  
• Chlorprothixene [M0004207]
  A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.
  
• Chlorquinaldol [M0004208]
  Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, protozoa, and certain bacteria. In animals, it causes central nervous system damage and is not administered parenterally. It is also used as antiseptic, fungistat, or deodorant.
  
• Chlorspan 12 [M0478183]
  
• Chlortab-4 [M0478182]
  
• Chlorthalidone [M0004215]
  A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.
  
• Chlorzoxazone [M0004217]
  A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202)
  
• Chlozepid [M0004135]
  
• Cholagogues [M0004220]
  
• Cholagogues and Choleretics [M0004221]
  Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).
  
• Cholan-HMB [M0485010]
  
• Cholate [M0029992]
  
• Cholates [M0029991]
  Salts and esters of CHOLIC ACID.
  
• Choleic Acid [M0005996]
  
• Cholera Vaccines [M0356663]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.
  
• Choleretics [M0004222]
  
• Cholestil [M0361691]
  
• Cholestyramine [M0004278]
  A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium as Cl(-) anion. It exchanges chloride ions with bile salts, thus decreasing their concentration and that of cholesterol. It is used as a hypocholesteremic in diarrhea and biliary obstruction, and as an antipruritic.
  
• Cholic Acid [M0029428]
  A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.
  
• Cholic Acids [M0004282]
  The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.
  
• Choline Bitartrate [M0004284]
  
• Choline Chloride [M0004285]
  
• Choline Citrate [M0004286]
  
• Choline O-Sulfate [M0004287]
  
• Cholinergic Agents [M0027988]
  Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of ACETYLCHOLINE, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. The term cholinergic agents is sometimes still used in the narrower sense of MUSCARINIC AGONISTS, although most modern texts discourage that usage.
  
• Cholinergic Agonists [M0027989]
  Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors.
  
• Cholinergic Antagonists [M0027991]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of ACETYLCHOLINE or cholinergic agonists.
  
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors [M0004295]
  Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.
  
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Irreversible [M0004296]
  
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Reversible [M0004297]
  
• Cholinesterase Reactivators [M0004298]
  Drugs used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates. They are an important component of therapy in agricultural, industrial, and military poisonings by organophosphates and sulfonates.
  
• Cholinomimetics [M0027987]
  
• Cholit-Ursan [M0476465]
  
• Cholofalk [M0476464]
  
• Chologon [M0351118]
  
• Choloxin [M0006145]
  
• Chondroitin 4-Sulfate [M0330651]
  
• Chondroitin 4-Sulfate, Aluminum Salt [M0330656]
  
• Chondroitin 4-Sulfate, Potassium Salt [M0330655]
  
• Chondroitin 6-Sulfate [M0330652]
  
• Chondroitin 6-Sulfate, Potassium Salt [M0330657]
  
• Chondroitin 6-Sulfate, Sodium Salt [M0330650]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate 4-Sulfate, Sodium Salt [M0330653]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Calcium Salt [M0330658]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Iron (+3) Salt [M0330660]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Iron Salt [M0330654]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Potassium Salt [M0330648]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Sodium Salt [M0330659]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Zinc Salt [M0330649]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfates [M0004318]
  Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.
  
• Chonsurid [M0363791]
  
• Choriogonin [M0009542]
  
• Chorionic Gonadotropin [M0009545]
  A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
  
• Chorionic Gonadotropin, Human [M0411989]
  
• Chorulon [M0009543]
  
• Chromelin [M0485118]
  
• Chromomycin [M0004397]
  
• Chromomycins [M0004396]
  A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.
  
• Chromonar [M0004398]
  A coronary vasodilator agent.
  
• Chromonar Hydrochloride [M0330662]
  
• Chromosmon [M0354117]
  
• Chymosin [M0018781]
  The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.
  
• CI-52040 [M0354141]
  
• CI-581 [M0011980]
  
• CI-628 [M0014909]
  
• CI-634 [M0021531]
  
• CI-716 [M0023150]
  
• CI-719 [M0333445]
  
• CI-825 [M0333704]
  
• CI-888 [M0026205]
  
• CI-898 [M0353846]
  
• CI-919 [M0353772]
  
• CIBA 32.644 BA [M0353322]
  
• Ciba 47175-BA [M0003147]
  
• Ciclofalina [M0474898]
  
• Cicloferon [M0450120]
  
• CiL [M0478144]
  
• Cilastatin [M0023687]
  A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.
  
• Cilastatin Sodium [M0023688]
  
• Cilazapril [M0026294]
  One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.
  
• Cilazapril Hydrate [M0329301]
  
• Cilazapril Monohydrobromide [M0329302]
  
• Cilazapril, (S*)-Isomer [M0329300]
  
• Cilazapril, Anhydrous [M0329303]
  
• Cimetidine [M0004479]
  A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRINS output. It also blocks the activity of CYTOCHROME P-450 which might explain proposals for use in NEOADJUVANT THERAPY.
  
• Cimetidine Hydrochloride [M0423990]
  
• Cinanserin [M0004484]
  A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.
  
• Cinanserin Hydrochloride [M0351715]
  
• Cinarizina Inkey [M0478427]
  
• Cinarizina Ratiopharm [M0478428]
  
• Cinazi�re [M0478426]
  
• Cincain [M0350887]
  
• Cinchona Alkaloids [M0004487]
  Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.
  
• Cinfamar [M0485119]
  
• Cinna [M0478425]
  
• Cinnarizin AL [M0478429]
  
• Cinnarizin Siegfried [M0478430]
  
• Cinnarizine [M0004492]
  A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.
  
• Cinnarizine L-Tartrate [M0331354]
  
• Cinnarizine L-Tartrate (1:1) [M0331356]
  
• Cinnarizine, (E)-Isomer [M0331353]
  
• Cinnarizine, Dihydrochloride [M0331355]
  
• Cinnipirine [M0478424]
  
• Cinobac [M0004496]
  
• Cinonide [M0021900]
  
• Cinoxacin [M0004495]
  Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
  
• Ciprinol [M0353989]
  
• Cipro [M0004499]
  
• Ciprofloxacin [M0004498]
  A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
  
• Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride [M0361510]
  
• Circanol [M0352814]
  
• Circo-Maren [M0463055]
  
• Circupon [M0350531]
  
• Cisaken [M0478423]
  
• Cisapride [M0029858]
  A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
  
• Cisordinol [M0004621]
  
• Cisplatin [M0004505]
  An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
  
• Citalopram [M0023529]
  A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.
  
• Citanest [M0017572]
  
• Citomid [M0476545]
  
• Citrate de B�ta�ne UPSA [M0460095]
  
• Citrated Calcium Cyanamide [M0005433]
  
• Citric Acid [M0028793]
  A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
  
• Citrucel [M0474243]
  
• CL-11366 [M0350889]
  
• CL-118532 [M0337462]
  
• CL-232325 [M0350507]
  
• CL-297939 [M0350808]
  
• CL-395 [M0373872]
  
• CL-67,772 [M0354080]
  
• CL-71,563 [M0012712]
  
• Cladribine [M0026332]
  An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia.
  
• Claritin [M0350542]
  
• Clarium [M0350543]
  
• Claversal [M0029391]
  
• Clavigrenin [M0485096]
  
• Cleansing Agents [M0006089]
  
• Clear Eyes [M0462943]
  
• Clearasil Daily Face Wash [M0476890]
  
• Clemastine [M0004551]
  A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.
  
• Clemastine Fumarate [M0004553]
  
• Clenbuterol [M0004556]
  A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.
  
• Cl�ridium [M0485236]
  
• Clexane [M0027161]
  
• Clinitar [M0372331]
  
• Clinium [M0353371]
  
• Clinoril [M0020811]
  
• Clinovir [M0026189]
  
• Clioquinol [M0011656]
  A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.
  
• Clobetasol [M0004578]
  A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.
  
• Clobetasol Propionate [M0069222]
  This is the form in trademark preparations.
  
• Clobex [M0495695]
  
• Clodronate [M0006274]
  
• Clodronic Acid [M0006270]
  A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.
  
• Clofazimine [M0004579]
  A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)
  
• Clofen [M0454551]
  
• Clofenapate [M0004581]
  An oral hypolipemic agent in dogs and rats.
  
• Clofibrate [M0004582]
  A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986)
  
• Clofibric Acid [M0004584]
  An antilipemic agent and the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.
  
• Clomid [M0004596]
  
• Clomiphene [M0004586]
  A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue.
  
• Clomiphene Citrate [M0004595]
  
• Clomiphene Hydrochloride [M0331364]
  
• Clomipramine [M0004598]
  A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.
  
• Clomipramine Hydrochloride [M0004600]
  
• Clomipramine Maleate (1:1) [M0330564]
  
• Clomipramine Monohydrochloride [M0330566]
  
• Clonazepam [M0004601]
  An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.
  
• Clonidine [M0004605]
  An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Clonidine acts centrally by reducing sympathetic tone, resulting in a fall in diastolic and systolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate. It also acts peripherally, and this peripheral activity may be responsible for the transient increase in blood pressure seen during rapid intravenous administration. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p350)
  
• Clonidine Dihydrochloride [M0330569]
  
• Clonidine Hydrochloride [M0004608]
  
• Clonidine Monohydrobromide [M0330567]
  
• Clonidine Monohydrochloride [M0330568]
  
• Clonitralide [M0014828]
  
• Clonixin [M0004617]
  Anti-inflammatory analgesic.
  
• Clonofilin [M0432671]
  
• Clonorax [M0450121]
  
• Clont [M0013698]
  
• Clopamide [M0004620]
  A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.
  
• Clopenthixol [M0004622]
  A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.
  
• Clopidol [M0004624]
  A very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry.
  
• Cloprostenol [M0004625]
  A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.
  
• Cloprostenol Sodium [M0351575]
  
• Cloramin [M0351947]
  
• Clorazepate Dipotassium [M0004628]
  A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.
  
• Clorazepate Monopotassium [M0004629]
  
• Cloretilo Chemirosa [M0477825]
  
• Clorgyline [M0004631]
  An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.
  
• Clotrimazole [M0004642]
  An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal cell membranes. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.
  
• Clove Oil [M0007942]
  An oil from flower buds of SYZYGIUM trees which contains large amounts of EUGENOL.
  
• Clozapine [M0004649]
  A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.
  
• Clozaril [M0354010]
  
• CN-55,945-27 [M0369484]
  
• Co-Fluocin [M0478595]
  
• Co-vidarabine [M0333702]
  
• Coagulants [M0004654]
  Exogenous substances used to promote blood coagulation. The endogenous BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS are considered to be coagulants only when administered as drugs.
  
• Coal Tar [M0004660]
  A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).
  
• Cobalamins [M0022795]
  
• Cobamides [M0004665]
  
• Cobefrine [M0013654]
  
• Cocaine [M0004670]
  An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
  
• Cocaine Hydrochloride [M0330572]
  
• Coccidiostats [M0004679]
  Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals.
  
• Coccidot [M0350870]
  
• Cod Liver Oil [M0004699]
  Oil obtained from fresh livers of the cod family, Gadidae. It is a source of vitamins A and D.
  
• Codeine [M0004700]
  An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough.
  
• Codeine Phosphate [M0330573]
  
• Codinovo [M0450395]
  
• Codotussyl [M0445989]
  
• Coffeinum N [M0466579]
  
• Coffeinum Purrum [M0466580]
  
• Coformycin [M0004720]
  A ribonucleoside antibiotic synergist and adenosine deaminase inhibitor isolated from Nocardia interforma and Streptomyces kaniharaensis. It is proposed as an antineoplastic synergist and immunosuppressant.
  
• Cogentin [M0045521]
  
• Cogentinol [M0459462]
  
• Cognex [M0021010]
  
• Colace [M0006490]
  
• Colcemide [M0352765]
  
• Colchicine [M0004732]
  A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).
  
• Colchicine, (+-)-Isomer [M0330574]
  
• Colchicine, (R)-Isomer [M0330575]
  
• Colesterinex [M0352572]
  
• Colestid [M0004740]
  
• Colestipol [M0004739]
  Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.
  
• Colfarit [M0001872]
  
• Colicin E1 [M0004746]
  
• Colirio Alfa [M0462903]
  
• Coliriocilina Sulfacetam [M0475859]
  
• Collagenase Inhibitor [M0029269]
  
• Collodion [M0004799]
  A nitrocellulose solution in ether and alcohol. Collodion has a wide range of uses in industry including applications in the manufacture of photographic film, in fibers, in lacquers, and in engraving and lithography. In medicine it is used as a drug solvent and a wound sealant.
  
• Collodion Cotton [M0004800]
  
• Colme [M0492531]
  
• Colo-Pleon [M0475928]
  
• Cologel [M0474244]
  
• Colony-Stimulating Factors, Recombinant [M0028829]
  COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
  
• Colpro [M0473877]
  
• Colprone [M0473876]
  
• Combantrin [M0353426]
  
• Compazine [M0017621]
  
• Complamin [M0352646]
  
• Complement Inactivating Agents [M0479104]
  Compounds that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host.
  
• Compound 112531 [M0353117]
  
• Compound 48-80 [M0004944]
  
• Compound 64716 [M0352531]
  
• Compound 67-20 [M0353581]
  
• Compound 83405 [M0354276]
  
• Conceplan [M0014972]
  
• Concor [M0026257]
  
• Condyline [M0475067]
  
• Condylox [M0369529]
  
• Congest [M0485329]
  
• Conjugated Equine Estrogens [M0405163]
  
• Constant-T [M0362256]
  
• Contac Husten-Trunk [M0451988]
  
• Contact Lens Cleaners [M0027930]
  
• Contact Lens Cleaning Solutions [M0027933]
  
• Conteben [M0352346]
  
• Contimit [M0476174]
  
• Continuin [M0007921]
  
• Contomin [M0354101]
  
• Contraceptive Agents [M0005102]
  Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION.
  
• Contraceptive Agents, Female [M0005103]
  Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.
  
• Contraceptive Agents, Male [M0005104]
  Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral [M0005114]
  Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral, Combined [M0005117]
  Fixed drug combinations administered orally for contraceptive purposes.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal [M0005118]
  Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral, Sequential [M0005119]
  Drugs administered orally and sequentially for contraceptive purposes.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic [M0005120]
  Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.
  
• Contraceptives, Postcoital [M0005121]
  Contraceptive substances to be used after COITUS. These agents include high doses of estrogenic drugs; progesterone-receptor blockers; ANTIMETABOLITES; ALKALOIDS, and PROSTAGLANDINS.
  
• Contraceptives, Postcoital, Hormonal [M0005124]
  Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.
  
• Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic [M0005125]
  Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.
  
• Contraflam [M0473888]
  
• Contramareo [M0485123]
  
• Controlip [M0478145]
  
• Controlled-Release Preparations [M0417777]
  
• Contrykal [M0011909]
  
• Convulsants [M0005136]
  Substances that act in the brain stem or spinal cord to produce tonic or clonic convulsions, often by removing normal inhibitory tone. They were formerly used to stimulate respiration or as antidotes to barbiturate overdose. They are now most commonly used as experimental tools.
  
• Convulsofin [M0351581]
  
• Copal [M0476025]
  
• Copper EDTA [M0007063]
  
• Copper Penicillaminate [M0016120]
  
• Coprin [M0007074]
  
• Coramedan [M0485078]
  
• Coramin [M0352616]
  
• Coramine [M0352617]
  
• Corasol [M0373141]
  
• Corbadrine [M0013657]
  
• Corbionax [M0433215]
  
• Cord Factors [M0005165]
  Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.
  
• Cordarone [M0433210]
  
• Cordemcura [M0433452]
  
• Cordiamine [M0352618]
  
• Cordilox [M0022605]
  
• Cordipin [M0369479]
  
• Cordium [M0024156]
  
• Cordran [M0478577]
  
• Corgard [M0014412]
  
• Coriban [M0350843]
  
• Corinfar [M0369478]
  
• Corlopam [M0028175]
  
• Cormax [M0399923]
  
• Cormelian [M0006431]
  
• Corn Oil [M0005174]
  Oil from ZEA MAYS or corn plant.
  
• Cornstarch [M0020434]
  
• Cornutamine [M0007664]
  
• Corontin [M0351219]
  
• Corophyllin [M0432689]
  
• Corotrope [M0474337]
  
• Corpea [M0474433]
  
• Cortan [M0475829]
  
• Cortancyl [M0351399]
  
• Cortex Salicis [M0399913]
  
• Corticosterone [M0005217]
  An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)
  
• Cortiespec [M0478596]
  
• Cortifair [M0010709]
  
• Cortisdin [M0478633]
  
• Cortisone [M0005219]
  A naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive. It is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726)
  
• Cortosyn [M0372335]
  
• Cortril [M0010710]
  
• Cortrosyn [M0372334]
  
• Corvaton [M0353346]
  
• Corwin [M0350804]
  
• Corynanthine [M0353126]
  
• Corynanthine Tartrate [M0023103]
  
• Coslan [M0473889]
  
• Cosyntropin [M0005246]
  A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.
  
• Cotazym-S [M0474885]
  
• Cotazyme [M0045745]
  
• Cotinine [M0005249]
  The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.
  
• Coumadin [M0022874]
  
• Coumadine [M0476573]
  
• Coumaphos [M0005256]
  A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.
  
• Coumarins [M0005258]
  Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid. The various coumarins have a wide range of proposed actions and uses including as ANTICOAGULANTS, pharmaceutical aids, indicators and reagents, photoreactive substances, and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.
  
• Coumestrol [M0005259]
  A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.
  
• Counterirritants [M0011728]
  
• Cozaar [M0457185]
  
• CP-10,188 [M0363633]
  
• CP-12,574 [M0352087]
  
• CP-15,467-61 [M0372612]
  
• CP-16171 [M0373882]
  
• CP-556S [M0373889]
  
• CP-89044 [M0392717]
  
• CP-90033 [M0392718]
  
• CPH86 [M0017089]
  
• Crasnitin [M0434510]
  
• CRD-401 [M0006433]
  
• Creon [M0045744]
  
• Cripar [M0485091]
  
• Crisinor [M0440875]
  
• Crixivan [M0372273]
  
• Cromakalim [M0029396]
  A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)
  
• Cromakalim, (3R-cis)-Isomer [M0329128]
  
• Cromakalim, (3R-trans)-Isomer [M0329133]
  
• Cromakalim, (3S-cis)-Isomer [M0329129]
  
• Cromakalim, (trans)-Isomer [M0329131]
  
• Cromoglycate [M0006575]
  
• Cromolyn [M0330463]
  
• Cromolyn Sodium [M0006576]
  A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.
  
• Cronolone [M0351533]
  
• Croscarmellose Sodium [M0003408]
  
• Crospovidone [M0351816]
  
• Crosseal [M0464875]
  A human plasma-derived fibrin sealant that rapidly forms a clot.
  
• Cryo-Tropin [M0475573]
  
• Cryoprotective Agents [M0005379]
  Substances that provide protection against the harmful effects of freezing temperatures.
  
• Cryptenamine [M0017922]
  
• CS-514 [M0350930]
  
• CsA-Neoral [M0025281]
  
• CT-1341 [M0351502]
  
• Cuemid [M0004279]
  
• Cuprenil [M0016124]
  
• Cuprimine [M0016123]
  
• Curantil [M0374377]
  
• Curare [M0005419]
  Plant extracts from several species, including Strychnos toxifera, S. castelnaei, S. crevauxii, and Chondodendron tomentosum, that produce paralysis of skeletal muscle and are used adjunctively with general anesthesia. These extracts are toxic and must be used with the administration of artificial respiration.
  
• Curatin [M0476661]
  
• Curban [M0485040]
  
• Curretab [M0026190]
  
• Cutason [M0475830]
  
• Cuvalit [M0463974]
  
• Cuxabrain [M0474899]
  
• Cuxafenon [M0475998]
  
• CV-705 [M0021885]
  
• CY 216 [M0350495]
  
• CY-116 [M0351467]
  
• Cyanidanol-3 [M0003642]
  
• Cyanine Dye DiS-C2-(5) [M0006612]
  
• Cyater [M0476192]
  
• Cyclandelate [M0005451]
  A direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. It may cause gastrointestinal distress and tachycardia.
  
• Cyclazocine [M0005452]
  An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.
  
• Cyclizine [M0005457]
  A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)
  
• Cyclizine Hydrochloride [M0005458]
  
• Cyclo-C [M0005462]
  
• Cyclodol [M0372550]
  
• Cyclofenil [M0005465]
  A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.
  
• Cyclogyl [M0005483]
  
• Cycloleucine [M0005476]
  An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.
  
• Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors [M0446346]
  A subclass of cyclooxygenase inhibitors with specificity for CYCLOOXYGENASE-2.
  
• Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [M0025664]
  Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.
  
• Cyclopenthiazide [M0005482]
  Thiazide diuretic also used as an antihypertensive agent.
  
• Cyclopentolate [M0005484]
  A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.
  
• Cyclophosphamide [M0005485]
  Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active ALDOPHOSPHAMIDE. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.
  
• Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate [M0331231]
  
• Cyclophosphamide, (+-)-Isomer [M0331228]
  
• Cyclophosphamide, (R)-Isomer [M0331230]
  
• Cyclophosphamide, (S)-Isomer [M0331229]
  
• Cycloplegics [M0014316]
  
• Cyclospasmol [M0351719]
  
• Cyclosporine [M0025279]
  A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).
  
• Cyclosporins [M0005493]
  A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindocarpon lucidum. They have some antineoplastic and antifungal action and significant immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporins have been proposed as adjuvants in tissue and organ transplantation to suppress graft rejection.
  
• Cycrin [M0026191]
  
• Cygnoline [M0001307]
  
• Cyklokapron [M0021768]
  
• Cylert [M0474037]
  
• Cymarine [M0005498]
  A cardiotonic cardiac glycoside found in STROPHANTHUS. The aglycone is STROPHANTHIN.
  
• Cyproheptadine [M0005519]
  A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.
  
• Cyproterone [M0005524]
  An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.
  
• Cyproterone Acetate [M0026384]
  An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites.
  
• Cyproterone Acetate, (1 alpha,2 alpha)-Isomer [M0331368]
  
• Cyproterone Acetate, (1 alpha,2 alpha,9 beta,10 alpha)-Isomer [M0331210]
  
• Cyproterone Acetate, (17 alpha)-Isomer [M0331369]
  
• Cyproterone, 1alpha,2 alpha,9 beta,10 alpha-Isomer [M0330581]
  
• Cystadane [M0460091]
  
• Cystagon [M0351204]
  
• Cystamine [M0005528]
  A radiation-protective agent that interferes with sulfhydryl enzymes. It may also protect against carbon tetrachloride liver damage.
  
• Cystamine Calcium Salt [M0330582]
  
• Cystamine Diacetate [M0330583]
  
• Cystamine Dihydrobromide [M0330587]
  
• Cystamine Dihydrochloride [M0330589]
  
• Cystamine Hydrobromide [M0330588]
  
• Cystamine Hydrochloride [M0330586]
  
• Cystamine Sulfate [M0330585]
  
• Cystamine Sulfate (1:1) [M0330584]
  
• Cystamucil [M0445991]
  
• Cystaphos [M0005530]
  Proposed as an adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy; may have radiation protective properties.
  
• Cystatin A [M0024321]
  
• Cystatins [M0024322]
  A homologous group of endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Four distinct families are recognized within the cystatin superfamily: cystatin B or stefins; cystatin C or post-gamma-globulin; egg-white or chicken cystatin; and kininogen cystatin. The cystatins inhibit most Cysteine Endopeptidases of the papain type, and other peptidases which have a sulfhydryl group at the active site.
  
• Cysteamine [M0005535]
  A radiation-protective agent that oxidizes in air to form CYSTAMINE. It can be given intravenously or orally to treat radiation sickness. The bitartrate has been used for the oral treatment of nephropathic cystinosis.
  
• Cysteamine Bitartrate [M0005537]
  
• Cysteamine Dihydrochloride [M0330593]
  
• Cysteamine Hydrobromide [M0330597]
  
• Cysteamine Hydrochloride [M0330592]
  
• Cysteamine Maleate (1:1) [M0330599]
  
• Cysteamine Tartrate [M0330594]
  
• Cysteamine Tartrate (1:1) [M0330595]
  
• Cysteamine Tosylate [M0330596]
  
• Cysteamine, 35S-Labeled [M0330598]
  
• Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors [M0024280]
  Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.
  
• Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, Endogenous [M0024281]
  
• Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, Exogenous [M0024282]
  
• Cystorelin [M0012448]
  
• Cytadren [M0000945]
  
• Cytamid [M0482790]
  
• Cytarabine [M0005564]
  A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)
  
• Cytarabine Hydrochloride [M0005565]
  
• Cytochalasin B [M0005580]
  A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.
  
• Cytochalasins [M0005581]
  11- to 14-membered macrocyclic lactones with a fused isoindolone. Members with INDOLES attached at the C10 position are called chaetoglobosins. They are produced by various fungi. Some members interact with ACTIN and inhibit CYTOKINESIS.
  
• Cytomegalovirus Vaccines [M0358352]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS.
  
• Cytomel [M0021976]
  
• Cytonal [M0372750]
  
• Cytosar [M0005566]
  
• Cytospaz [M0001933]
  
• Cytostat [M0475063]
  
• Cytostatic Agents [M0001484]
  
• Cytotec [M0025311]
  
• Cytovene [M0372692]
  
• Cytoxan [M0005486]
  
• D-145 [M0351817]
  
• D-40TA [M0353505]
  
• D-600 [M0351224]
  
• D-65MT [M0353438]
  
• D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin [M0373533]
  A stable synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to those of methionine enkephalin. Its effects can be reversed by narcotic antagonists such as naloxone.
  
• d-APV [M0024151]
  
• D-Glutamate [M0028011]
  
• D-Pen2, L-Pen5-Enkephalin [M0333394]
  
• D-Tamin retard L.U.T. [M0485095]
  
• D-Vert [M0473872]
  
• DA-2370 [M0373161]
  
• Dacarbazine [M0005636]
  An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)
  
• Dacortin [M0475831]
  
• Dacryolarmes [M0474245]
  
• Dactarin [M0013757]
  
• Daflon [M0357354]
  
• Dagan [M0463044]
  
• Dagynil [M0485328]
  
• Dairyaid [M0477142]
  
• Dalcaine [M0012487]
  
• Dalmane [M0008646]
  
• Dalteparin [M0027162]
  A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Dalteparin Sodium [M0027163]
  
• Dalzic [M0017429]
  
• Damilen [M0351387]
  
• Dampo Mucopect [M0447116]
  
• Danazant [M0485003]
  
• Danazol [M0005648]
  A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.
  
• Danazol-ratiopharm [M0485002]
  
• Dancor [M0463083]
  
• Danizol [M0013699]
  
• Danocrine [M0361541]
  
• Danoval [M0351295]
  
• Dantrium [M0005657]
  
• Dantrolene [M0005658]
  Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.
  
• Dantrolene Sodium [M0005659]
  
• Daonil [M0352380]
  
• Dapaz [M0473985]
  
• Dapsoderm-X [M0485007]
  
• Dapson-Fatol [M0485006]
  
• Dapsone [M0005661]
  A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)
  
• Daranide [M0006281]
  
• Daraprim [M0018254]
  
• Darolan [M0465037]
  
• Darvon [M0017771]
  
• Dasuen [M0476078]
  
• Datril [M0000119]
  
• Daunoblastin [M0361544]
  
• Daunorubicin [M0005683]
  A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.
  
• Daunorubicin Hydrochloride [M0361543]
  
• DBL Gemfibrozil [M0482984]
  
• DBL Moclobemide [M0474402]
  
• DD-234 [M0353028]
  
• DDAVP [M0369333]
  
• Dealkylprazepam [M0005805]
  
• Deamino Arginine Vasopressin [M0474041]
  A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.
  
• Deanol [M0005699]
  An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.
  
• Deanol Bisorcate [M0485009]
  
• Deblaston [M0474781]
  
• Debridat [M0021981]
  
• Debrisoquin [M0005709]
  An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.
  
• Decaject [M0492541]
  
• Decaject-L.A. [M0492540]
  
• Decameth [M0492539]
  
• Decapeptyl [M0026319]
  
• Decaspray [M0492538]
  
• Deccox [M0372341]
  
• Decholin [M0351122]
  
• Decongestants [M0022554]
  
• D�contractyl [M0473971]
  
• Decoquinate [M0005738]
  A coccidiostat for poultry.
  
• Decortin [M0392689]
  
• Decortisyl [M0475832]
  
• Decostriol [M0467157]
  
• Decranol [M0351896]
  
• Decrelip [M0482985]
  
• Dedrogyl [M0462847]
  
• DEET [M0005744]
  A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.
  
• DEET, 2,5-di-Me-Analog [M0330604]
  
• Defensins [M0135759]
  Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.
  
• D�filtran [M0431649]
  
• Degranol [M0351895]
  
• Dehidrobenzperidol [M0485294]
  
• Dehydroascorbic Acid [M0005759]
  The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.
  
• Dehydrobenzperidol [M0485293]
  
• Dehydrocholate [M0005764]
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid [M0005762]
  A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid, Lithium Salt [M0331374]
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid, Magnesium Salt [M0331372]
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid, Potassium Salt [M0331373]
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid, Sodium Salt [M0331371]
  
• Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate [M0028759]
  The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.
  
• Dekaris [M0012432]
  
• Delavirdine [M0029713]
  A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.
  
• Delavirdine Mesylate [M0329069]
  
• Delayed-Action Preparations [M0005772]
  Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.
  
• Delfen Cream [M0350680]
  
• Delitex [M0463939]
  
• Delsym [M0006137]
  
• Deltasone [M0351400]
  
• Deltasoralen [M0474228]
  
• Delursan [M0476463]
  
• Demecolcine [M0005796]
  An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.
  
• Demecolcine, (+-)-Isomer [M0330549]
  
• Demerol [M0013428]
  
• Demeton [M0006607]
  
• Demolox [M0433381]
  
• Demser [M0029395]
  
• Dengue Vaccines [M0491092]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines.
  
• Dental Disinfectants [M0029036]
  Chemicals especially for use on instruments to destroy pathogenic organisms. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
  
• Dentomycin [M0474865]
  
• Deoxycholate [M0005994]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid [M0005992]
  A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, 12beta-Isomer [M0331378]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, 3beta-Isomer [M0331379]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, 5alpha-Isomer [M0331376]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0331383]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Magnesium (2:1) Salt [M0331382]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Monoammonium Salt [M0331381]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Monopotassium Salt [M0331375]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Monosodium Salt [M0331377]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Sodium Salt, 12beta-Isomer [M0331380]
  
• Deoxyepinephrine [M0006003]
  Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.
  
• Deoxyglucose [M0006004]
  2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.
  
• Depakene [M0351580]
  
• Depakote [M0351577]
  
• Depasan Retard [M0020198]
  
• Depo-Provera [M0026186]
  
• Deponerton [M0475977]
  
• Depostat [M0009217]
  
• Deposul [M0350923]
  
• Depot Preparations [M0005773]
  
• Deprax [M0476870]
  
• Deprenorm [M0474403]
  
• Deprenyl [M0019602]
  
• Depressan [M0006388]
  
• Depressin [M0351162]
  
• Deprilept [M0474717]
  
• Deptran [M0485388]
  
• Dequadin [M0485016]
  
• Dequalinium [M0006040]
  A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.
  
• Dequalinium Acetate [M0006041]
  
• Dequalinium Chloride [M0006039]
  
• Dequalinium Di-10-undecenoate [M0330509]
  
• Dequalinium Dibromide [M0330510]
  
• Dequalinium Diiodide [M0330508]
  
• Dequalinium Diundecenoate [M0330513]
  
• Derma-Smooth/FS [M0478597]
  
• Dermatologic Agents [M0006057]
  Drugs used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
  
• Dermaton [M0352126]
  
• Dermazin [M0475867]
  
• Dermovate [M0397727]
  
• Dermox [M0474229]
  
• Dertil [M0351842]
  
• Desferal [M0005752]
  
• Desferrioxamine B Mesylate [M0005751]
  
• Desickling Agents [M0001502]
  
• Desidox [M0485387]
  
• Desiflu [M0482910]
  
• Designer Drugs [M0023353]
  Drugs designed and synthesized, often for illegal street use, by modification of existing drug structures (e.g., amphetamines). Of special interest are MPTP (a reverse ester of meperidine), MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Many drugs act on the aminergic system, the physiologically active biogenic amines.
  
• Desipramine [M0006074]
  A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.
  
• Desipramine Hydrochloride [M0330514]
  
• Desisulpid [M0475978]
  
• Deslanoside [M0006076]
  Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata.
  
• Desmogalen [M0492528]
  
• Desmopressin Acetate [M0330516]
  
• Desmopressin Monoacetate [M0330515]
  
• Desoblit [M0459361]
  
• Desogestrel [M0026028]
  A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents.
  
• Desone [M0485029]
  
• Desonide [M0006084]
  A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES.
  
• Desopimon [M0004197]
  
• Desowen [M0485031]
  
• Desoxi [M0485035]
  
• Desoximetasone [M0006085]
  A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.
  
• Desoxyn [M0474166]
  
• Destolit [M0476462]
  
• Desuric [M0353574]
  
• Desyrel [M0476871]
  
• DET MS [M0485094]
  
• Deticene [M0352399]
  
• Detreomycin [M0004125]
  
• Devazepide [M0029847]
  A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.
  
• Devincan [M0353112]
  
• Dexambutol [M0477800]
  
• Dexamethasone [M0006099]
  An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
  
• Dexamethasone Intensol [M0492562]
  
• Dexamethasone Isonicotinate [M0006100]
  An anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause water and salt retention.
  
• Dexasone [M0372346]
  
• Dexatrim [M0369526]
  
• Dexedrine [M0006135]
  
• Dexetimide [M0006102]
  A muscarinic antagonist that has been used to treat neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Benzetimide is the (-)-enantimorph of dexetimide.
  
• Dexfenfluramine [M0030010]
  The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.
  
• Dexfenfluramine Hydrochloride [M0331384]
  
• Dexferrum [M0477639]
  
• Dexindoprofen [M0011251]
  
• Dexitac [M0466581]
  
• Dexium [M0351828]
  
• Dexmedetomidine [M0140432]
  A selective inhibitor of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that has analgesic and sedative properties. MEDETOMIDINE is the other racemic form.
  
• Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride [M0332427]
  
• Dexnon [M0463498]
  
• Dexol [M0015823]
  
• Dexpak [M0492560]
  
• Dexpropranolol [M0017772]
  
• Dexrazoxane [M0018537]
  
• Dextran [M0006131]
  
• Dextran 40 [M0006108]
  
• Dextran 40000 [M0006109]
  
• Dextran 70 [M0006110]
  
• Dextran 75 [M0006111]
  
• Dextran 80 [M0006112]
  
• Dextran B-1355-S [M0006113]
  
• Dextran B1355 [M0006114]
  
• Dextran B512 [M0006115]
  
• Dextran M 70 [M0006116]
  
• Dextran Sulfate [M0024857]
  Long-chain polymer of glucose containing 17-20% sulfur. It has been used as an anticoagulant and also has been shown to inhibit the binding of HIV-1 to CD4+ T-lymphocytes. It is commonly used as both an experimental and clinical laboratory reagent and has been investigated for use as an antiviral agent, in the treatment of hypolipidemia, and for the prevention of free radical damage, among other applications.
  
• Dextran Sulfate Sodium [M0024858]
  
• Dextran T 70 [M0006117]
  
• Dextran T-40 [M0006118]
  
• Dextran T-500 [M0006119]
  
• Dextrans [M0006120]
  A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.
  
• Dextroamphetamine [M0006134]
  The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.
  
• Dextroamphetamine Sulfate [M0006133]
  
• Dextrofer [M0353692]
  
• Dextromethorphan [M0006138]
  The d-isomer of the codeine analog of LEVORPHANOL. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
  
• Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide [M0330518]
  
• Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, (+-)-Isomer [M0330521]
  
• Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Monohydrate [M0330522]
  
• Dextromethorphan Hydrochloride [M0330519]
  
• Dextromethorphan, (+-)-Isomer [M0330520]
  
• Dextromoramide [M0006142]
  An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070)
  
• Dextromoramide Tartrate [M0485042]
  
• Dextrorphan [M0006143]
  Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.
  
• DextroStat [M0485039]
  
• Dextrothyroxine Sodium [M0373453]
  
• Dexverapamil [M0022609]
  
• DH-581 [M0353863]
  
• DHE-45 [M0352821]
  
• DHE-Puren [M0485093]
  
• DHE-ratiopharm [M0485099]
  
• Di-Actane [M0462786]
  
• Di-Adreson-F [M0017461]
  
• Di-Cyclonex [M0477660]
  
• Di-Spaz [M0477661]
  
• Di-Syston [M0352172]
  
• Diabeta [M0352379]
  
• Diabetol [M0352383]
  
• Diabinese [M0004205]
  
• Diabrezide [M0483096]
  
• Diabutal [M0369493]
  
• Diacarb [M0000130]
  
• Diagesil [M0477651]
  
• Diaglyk [M0483097]
  
• Diaikron [M0352367]
  
• Dialferine [M0000670]
  
• Dialume [M0372285]
  
• Dialysis Solutions [M0023582]
  Solutions prepared for exchange across a semipermeable membrane of solutes below a molecular size determined by the cutoff threshold of the membrane material.
  
• Diamfenetide [M0006202]
  Anthelmintic. It has been shown to be useful in fasciola infections in sheep.
  
• Diamicron [M0009267]
  
• Diamide [M0006203]
  A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.
  
• Diamidine [M0016172]
  
• Diaminodiethyldisulfide [M0005529]
  
• Diamox [M0000129]
  
• Dianabol [M0350988]
  
• Dianhydrogalactitol [M0006206]
  One of the cytotoxic dihalohexitols that may have alkylating antineoplastic activity. It causes bone marrow toxicity. The active form is thought to be the diepoxide.
  
• Dianhydrosorbitol [M0011787]
  
• Diaphyllin [M0351375]
  
• Diapid [M0373045]
  
• Diatrizoate Meglumine [M0006224]
  A versatile x-ray contrast medium for diagnostic radiology. It can be administered by most routes.
  
• Diatrizoic Acid Methylglucamine [M0006228]
  
• Diaval [M0476641]
  
• Diazacholesterol Dihydrochloride [M0002059]
  
• Diazemuls [M0006232]
  
• Diazepam [M0006229]
  A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity. It is used in the treatment of severe anxiety disorders, as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia, as a sedative and premedicant, as an anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p589)
  
• Diazooxonorleucine [M0006241]
  An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Diazoxide [M0006242]
  A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.
  
• Dibenamine [M0006248]
  
• Dibent [M0477662]
  
• Dibenyline [M0016531]
  
• Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide [M0019456]
  Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.
  
• Dibenziran [M0351231]
  
• Dibenzocycloheptenes [M0006250]
  A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC).
  
• Dibenzylchlorethamine [M0454899]
  An alpha adrenergic antagonist.
  
• Dibenzyline [M0351230]
  
• Dibromothymoquinone [M0006255]
  At low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the site of its inhibitory activity.
  
• Dibucaine [M0006256]
  A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006)
  
• Dibunol [M0352317]
  
• Dibutyl Phthalate [M0006258]
  A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.
  
• Dicaine [M0352621]
  
• Dicalcium Etidronate [M0145134]
  
• Dicaptol [M0372371]
  
• Dichloroacetate [M0006264]
  An acetic acid derivative that is a metabolite of TRICHLOROETHYLENE and is formed during chlorine disinfection of drinking water. It has effects on GLUCOSE metabolism, lowers LACTATE, and activates the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.
  
• Dichlorophen [M0006277]
  Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)
  
• Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole [M0006279]
  An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.
  
• Dichlorphenamide [M0006280]
  A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  
• Dicinone [M0477792]
  
• Diclofenac [M0006284]
  A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.
  
• Diclofenac Potassium [M0006286]
  
• Diclofenac Sodium [M0006287]
  The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
  
• Diclomin [M0477663]
  
• Diclonate P [M0337685]
  
• Dicobalt EDTA [M0007064]
  
• Dicodid [M0450396]
  
• Dicoumarin [M0372309]
  
• Dicumarol [M0002610]
  An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.
  
• Dicupral [M0006604]
  
• Dicyclomine [M0006314]
  A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.
  
• Dicyclomine Hydrochloride [M0006316]
  
• Dicynone [M0351830]
  
• Didanosine [M0024535]
  A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.
  
• Dideoxyadenosine [M0024534]
  A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.
  
• Didrex [M0002382]
  
• Didronel [M0020102]
  
• Diemal [M0372656]
  
• Dienestrol [M0006320]
  A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.
  
• Dienestrol, (E,E)-Isomer [M0330535]
  
• Dienestrol, (Z,E)-Isomer [M0330537]
  
• Dienestrol, (Z,Z)-Isomer [M0330536]
  
• Diertine [M0485090]
  
• Diestet [M0473860]
  
• Diethyl Pyrocarbonate [M0006345]
  Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.
  
• Diethylcarbamazine [M0006347]
  An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Citrate [M0006348]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (1:1) [M0330541]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (1:2) [M0330540]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine L-Tartrate (1:1) [M0330544]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Maleate [M0330538]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Monohydrochloride [M0330543]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Phosphate (1:1) [M0330539]
  
• Diethyldithiocarbamate [M0006351]
  
• Diethylpropion [M0006355]
  A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290)
  
• Diethylpropion Hydrochloride [M0006356]
  
• Diethylstilbestrol [M0006357]
  A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
  
• Diethylstilbestrol, (Z)-Isomer [M0331232]
  
• Diethylstilbestrol, Disodium Salt [M0331233]
  
• Difenin [M0016582]
  
• Difflam [M0477224]
  
• Diflamil [M0473943]
  
• Diflubenzuron [M0006469]
  An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.
  
• Diflucan [M0024112]
  
• Diflucortolone [M0006366]
  A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.
  
• Diflunisal [M0006367]
  A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.
  
• Difluoromethylornithine [M0000790]
  
• Difril [M0017546]
  
• Digacin [M0485086]
  
• Digestants [M0009026]
  
• Digezanol [M0431891]
  
• Digimed [M0485077]
  
• Digimerck [M0485076]
  
• Digitaline Nativelle [M0485075]
  
• Digitalis Glycosides [M0006379]
  Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis.
  
• Digitalysat [M0476051]
  
• Digitek [M0485085]
  
• Digitoxigenin [M0006381]
  3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.
  
• Digitoxin [M0006383]
  A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665)
  
• Digitoxin AWD [M0485074]
  
• Digitoxin B�rger [M0485073]
  
• Digitoxin Didier [M0485072]
  
• Digitoxin Monoacetate [M0000180]
  
• Digitoxin-Philo [M0485071]
  
• Dignodolin [M0478579]
  
• Digophton [M0485070]
  
• Digoregen [M0485084]
  
• Digostada [M0431712]
  
• Digotab [M0431713]
  
• digox von ct [M0431714]
  
• Digoxigenin [M0006385]
  3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
  
• Digoxin [M0006386]
  A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)
  
• Digoxin Didier [M0431715]
  
• Digoxina Boehringer [M0485083]
  
• Digoxine Nativelle [M0485082]
  
• Digton [M0475979]
  
• Dihematoporphyrin Ether [M0026307]
  The purified component of HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE, it consists of a mixture of oligomeric porphyrins. It is used in photodynamic therapy (HEMATOPORPHYRIN PHOTORADIATION); to treat malignant lesions with visible light and experimentally as an antiviral agent. It is the first drug to be approved in the use of photodynamic therapy in the United States.
  
• Dihexazin [M0005520]
  
• Dihydan [M0016581]
  
• Dihydralazine [M0006389]
  1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)
  
• Dihydralazine Sulfate [M0485087]
  
• Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine [M0006390]
  Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.
  
• Dihydroalprenolol [M0006393]
  Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.
  
• Dihydroergocornine [M0006403]
  A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains isopropyl sidechains at the 2' and 5' positions of the molecule.
  
• Dihydroergocornine Mesylate [M0330440]
  
• Dihydroergocornine Monomesylate [M0330436]
  
• Dihydroergocristine [M0006404]
  A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule.
  
• Dihydroergocristine Monomesylate [M0330438]
  
• Dihydroergocryptine [M0006405]
  A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position and an alpha-isobutyl sidechain at 5'alpha position of the molecule.
  
• Dihydroergocryptine Mesylate [M0330439]
  
• Dihydroergocryptine Monomesylate [M0330437]
  
• Dihydroergotamin AL [M0485109]
  
• Dihydroergotamine [M0006401]
  A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
  
• Dihydroergotamine Mesylate [M0330548]
  
• Dihydroergotoxine [M0006406]
  A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.
  
• Dihydromorphine [M0006407]
  A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors. It has abuse potential.
  
• Dihydrone [M0352932]
  
• Dihydrotachysterol [M0006417]
  A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.
  
• Dihydrotestosterone [M0020414]
  A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to ESTRADIOL therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid.
  
• Dihydroxyacetone [M0006419]
  A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent.
  
• Dihydroxyphenylalanine [M0006754]
  A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.
  
• Dihydroxyphenylalanine Hydrochloride, (2:1) [M0330404]
  
• Dihydroxytryptamines [M0006423]
  Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in any position. Some are cytotoxic serotonin analogs that are preferentially taken up by serotonergic neurons and then destroy those neurons.
  
• Dihydroxyundecyl Resorcylic Acid Lactone [M0023125]
  
• Dihytamin [M0485107]
  
• Diiodoquin [M0353881]
  
• Dilacor XR [M0006436]
  
• Dilanacin [M0372352]
  
• Dilangio compositu [M0459360]
  
• Dilantin [M0016583]
  
• Dilatol [M0015131]
  
• Dilatrate [M0011795]
  
• Dilaudid [M0006410]
  
• Dilazep [M0006432]
  Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.
  
• Dilcoran [M0474051]
  
• Dilevalol [M0354778]
  
• Dilin [M0485297]
  
• Dilmintal [M0011910]
  
• Dilor Brand of Dyphylline [M0485298]
  
• Dilren [M0353527]
  
• Diltiazem [M0006434]
  A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of the calcium ion in membrane functions. It is also teratogenic.
  
• Diltiazem Hydrochloride [M0353529]
  
• Diltiazem Malate [M0006435]
  
• Dilzem [M0006437]
  
• Dimaprit [M0026195]
  A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.
  
• Dimaprit Dihydrochloride [M0329354]
  
• Dimaprit Maleate (1:1) [M0329355]
  
• Dimaval [M0352349]
  
• Dimedrol [M0369590]
  
• Dimen Heumann [M0485127]
  
• Dimen Lichtenstein [M0485126]
  
• Dimenhydrinate [M0006438]
  A drug combination that contains DIPHENHYDRAMINE and THEOPHYLLINE. It is used for treating vertigo, motion sickness, and nausea associated with pregnancy. It is not effective in the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy.
  
• Dimepheptanol [M0351994]
  
• Dimercaprol [M0006441]
  An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.
  
• Dimercaptosuccinic Acid [M0330502]
  
• Dimetabs [M0485125]
  
• Dimetane [M0002956]
  
• Dimetane-Ten [M0465098]
  
• Dimethadione [M0006448]
  An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.
  
• Dimethindene [M0006449]
  A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies.
  
• Dimethindene Maleate [M0330454]
  
• Dimethisterone [M0006451]
  A synthetic progestational hormone without significant estrogenic or androgenic properties. It was formerly used as the progestational component in oral sequential contraceptives.
  
• Dimethisterone Monohydrate [M0330455]
  
• Dimethoate [M0006452]
  An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.
  
• Dimethyl Sulfoxide [M0006456]
  A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during cryopreservation. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.
  
• Dimethyldithiocarbamate [M0006461]
  A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.
  
• Dimethylphenylene Bis-Thioallophanate [M0021370]
  
• Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide [M0006642]
  A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.
  
• Dimetridazole [M0006468]
  A compound used to treat histomoniasis in poultry.
  
• Dimexide [M0352390]
  
• Dimilin [M0352407]
  
• Diminazene [M0006470]
  An effective trypanocidal agent.
  
• Dimitronal [M0004493]
  
• Dinagen [M0474901]
  
• Dinarkon [M0352934]
  
• Dinate [M0485124]
  
• Dindevan [M0474394]
  
• Dinitolmide [M0006472]
  A coccidiostat for poultry.
  
• Dinobroxol [M0451989]
  
• Dinoprost [M0023416]
  A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.
  
• Dinoprostone [M0023405]
  The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate [M0491450]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinates [M0006493]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid [M0006484]
  All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Ammonium Salt [M0331387]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Barium Salt [M0331388]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Calcium Salt [M0331385]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Magnesium Salt [M0331386]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Potassium Salt [M0006492]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Sodium Salt [M0331389]
  
• Dionine [M0007911]
  
• Diosmin [M0006496]
  A bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls.
  
• Dioxyphenylisatin [M0015687]
  
• Diphenhydramine [M0006508]
  A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.
  
• Diphenhydramine Citrate [M0330460]
  
• Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride [M0006507]
  
• Diphenoxylate [M0006512]
  A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with atropine. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.
  
• Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride [M0006513]
  
• Diphenoxylate Monohydrochloride [M0330461]
  
• Diphenylamine [M0006515]
  In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.
  
• Diphergan [M0017712]
  
• Diphtheria Antitoxin [M0006521]
  An antitoxin produced against the toxin of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that is used for the treatment of DIPHTHERIA.
  
• Diphtheria Toxoid [M0006523]
  The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine [M0114017]
  A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. This is used in place of DTP vaccine (DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE) when PERTUSSIS VACCINE is contraindicated.
  
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines [M0272463]
  Combined vaccines consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and an acellular form of PERTUSSIS VACCINE. At least five different purified antigens of B. pertussis have been used in various combinations in these vaccines.
  
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine [M0024109]
  A vaccine consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and whole-cell PERTUSSIS VACCINE. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.
  
• Dipidolor [M0352603]
  
• Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate [M0029246]
  
• Diprazin [M0017713]
  
• Diprenorphine [M0006529]
  A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.
  
• Diprenorphine Hydrochloride [M0330462]
  
• Diprivan [M0024131]
  
• Dipropyl Acetate [M0022503]
  
• Dipterex [M0352155]
  
• Dipyridamole [M0006533]
  A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)
  
• Dipyrone [M0006535]
  A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE. Because of the risk of serious adverse effects its use is justified only in serious situations where no alternative is available or suitable. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p13)
  
• Diquinol [M0485378]
  
• Dirigestran [M0012449]
  
• Disadine [M0017407]
  
• Disalan [M0351066]
  
• Disinfectants, Contact Lens [M0027931]
  
• Disipal [M0015457]
  
• Disodium Calcitetracemate [M0363996]
  
• Disodium Phosphonoacetate [M0016685]
  
• Disopyramide [M0006581]
  A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.
  
• Disopyramide Monohydrochloride [M0330466]
  
• Disopyramide Phosphate [M0330465]
  
• Disopyramide Phosphate (1:1), (+-)-Isomer [M0330472]
  
• Disopyramide Phosphate (1:1), (R)-Isomer [M0330474]
  
• Disopyramide Phosphate (1:1), (S)-Isomer [M0330473]
  
• Disopyramide, (+-)-Isomer [M0330467]
  
• Disopyramide, (R)-Isomer [M0330469]
  
• Disopyramide, (S)-Isomer [M0330470]
  
• Disopyramide, D-Tartrate (1:1), (S)-Isomer [M0330471]
  
• Disopyramide, L-Tartrate (1:1), (R)-Isomer [M0330475]
  
• Disopyramide, L-Tartrate (1:1), (S)-Isomer [M0330476]
  
• Disopyramide, L-Tartrate (1:2), (+-)-Isomer [M0330468]
  
• Disopyramide, L-Tartrate, (S)-isomer [M0330464]
  
• Disorat [M0350566]
  
• Dispril [M0351707]
  
• Distannous EDTA [M0007066]
  
• Disthelm [M0431892]
  
• Distilb�ne [M0485064]
  
• Distolon [M0351841]
  
• Distraneurin [M0004157]
  
• Distreptase [M0020586]
  
• Disulfiram [M0006600]
  A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.
  
• Disulfoton [M0006608]
  An organothiophosphate insecticide.
  
• Disulone [M0372339]
  
• Ditak [M0353783]
  
• Dithiazanine [M0006610]
  3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.
  
• Dithiazanine Iodide [M0006611]
  
• Dithiothreitol [M0006621]
  A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.
  
• Dithizone [M0006622]
  Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes.
  
• Dithrocream [M0484995]
  
• Ditilin [M0351526]
  
• Ditiocarb [M0006349]
  A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of man and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.
  
• Ditiocarb Sodium [M0331390]
  
• Ditiocarb, Ammonium Salt [M0331393]
  
• Ditiocarb, Bismuth Salt [M0331395]
  
• Ditiocarb, Lead Salt [M0331394]
  
• Ditiocarb, Potassium Salt [M0331396]
  
• Ditiocarb, Sodium Salt, Trihydrate [M0331392]
  
• Ditiocarb, Tin(4+) Salt [M0331391]
  
• Ditiocarb, Zinc Salt [M0006350]
  
• Ditranol FNA [M0484994]
  
• Ditrimine [M0351703]
  
• Diucardin [M0353606]
  
• Diulo [M0350909]
  
• Diuramide [M0000131]
  
• Diuretics [M0006624]
  Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function.
  
• Diuretics, Osmotic [M0006626]
  Compounds that increase urine volume by increasing the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine. Osmotic diuretics also increase the osmolarity of plasma.
  
• Diuretics, Thiazide [M0006628]
  Diuretics characterized as analogs of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide. All have a common mechanism of action and differ primarily in the dose required to produce a given effect. They act directly on the kidney to increase the excretion of sodium chloride and water and also increase excretion of potassium ions.
  
• Divalproex Sodium [M0329594]
  
• Divascol [M0021629]
  
• Dixarit [M0004613]
  
• Dizan [M0006613]
  
• Dizocilpine [M0329461]
  
• Dizocilpine Maleate [M0024898]
  A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.
  
• DL-8280 [M0333650]
  
• dl-APV [M0024152]
  
• DMH [M0485129]
  
• DNA Synthesis Inhibitors [M0028848]
  
• Dobendan [M0003975]
  
• Dobica [M0467163]
  
• Dobrofen [M0478662]
  
• Dobucor [M0485249]
  
• Dobuject [M0485248]
  
• Dobutamin Fresenius [M0485247]
  
• Dobutamin Hexal [M0485246]
  
• Dobutamin Solvay [M0485245]
  
• Dobutamin-ratiopharm [M0485255]
  
• Dobutamina Inibsa [M0485253]
  
• Dobutamina Rovi [M0485252]
  
• Dobutamine [M0006696]
  A beta-2 agonist catecholamine that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia. It is proposed as a cardiotonic after myocardial infarction or open heart surgery.
  
• Dobutamine (+)-Isomer [M0330491]
  
• Dobutamine Hydrobromide [M0330494]
  
• Dobutamine Hydrochloride [M0330490]
  
• Dobutamine Lactobionate [M0330484]
  
• Dobutamine Phosphate (1:1) Salt, (-)-Isomer [M0330486]
  
• Dobutamine Tartrate [M0330483]
  
• Dobutamine Tartrate (1:1), (R-(R*,R*))-Isomer [M0330485]
  
• Dobutamine, (-)-Isomer [M0330492]
  
• Dobutamine, Phosphate (1:1) Salt (+)-Isomer [M0330487]
  
• Dobutrex [M0006697]
  
• DOCA [M0006086]
  
• Docatone [M0485261]
  
• Dociton [M0350581]
  
• Dogmatil [M0350881]
  
• Dolanaest [M0465186]
  
• Dolantin [M0369442]
  
• Dolargan [M0013425]
  
• Dolcontral [M0369441]
  
• Dolin [M0369440]
  
• Dolipol [M0476642]
  
• Dolo Visano M [M0473970]
  
• Dolobid [M0006368]
  
• Dolophine [M0013544]
  
• Dolorex [M0466363]
  
• Dolosal [M0369439]
  
• Dolsin [M0369438]
  
• Domical [M0433249]
  
• Domidon [M0492508]
  
• Domperidon AL [M0492507]
  
• Domperidon Hexal [M0492506]
  
• Domperidon Stada [M0492505]
  
• Domperidon-TEVA [M0492504]
  
• Domperidona Gamir [M0492503]
  
• Domperidone [M0006752]
  A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.
  
• Domperidone Maleate [M0330403]
  
• Domperidone Maleate (1:1) [M0330402]
  
• Domperidone Monohydrochloride [M0330401]
  
• Dona [M0483109]
  
• Donalgin [M0362051]
  
• Donix [M0464800]
  
• Dontisanin [M0463077]
  
• Dopaflex [M0463388]
  
• Dopamet [M0474248]
  
• Dopamine [M0006756]
  One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from tyrosine and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
  
• Dopamine Agents [M0023499]
  Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
  
• Dopamine Agonists [M0027733]
  Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.
  
• Dopamine Antagonists [M0027734]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup.
  
• Dopamine Hydrochloride [M0006757]
  
• Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors [M0028098]
  Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.
  
• Dopar [M0463389]
  
• Dopegyt [M0371003]
  
• Dopergine [M0463975]
  
• Dopram [M0006781]
  
• Doreperol [M0449827]
  
• Doriden [M0373002]
  
• Dormalon [M0476755]
  
• Dormicum [M0013842]
  
• Dormicum Brand of Nitrazepam [M0476756]
  
• Dormileno [M0454557]
  
• Dormin [M0351273]
  
• Dormo-Puren [M0476757]
  
• Doryl [M0467369]
  
• Dothiepin [M0006770]
  A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.
  
• Dothiepin Hydrochloride [M0331397]
  
• DOX-SL [M0392705]
  
• Doxa-Puren [M0485269]
  
• Doxacor [M0485268]
  
• Doxagamma [M0485292]
  
• Doxamax [M0485291]
  
• Doxapram [M0006779]
  A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)
  
• Doxapram Hydrochloride [M0006780]
  
• Doxatensa [M0485290]
  
• Doxazomerck [M0485289]
  
• Doxazosin [M0026251]
  A selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker that lowers serum CHOLESTEROL. It is also effective in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.
  
• Doxazosin AL [M0485288]
  
• Doxazosin Mesylate [M0329258]
  
• Doxazosin Monohydrochloride [M0329257]
  
• Doxepin [M0006782]
  A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.
  
• Doxil [M0006786]
  
• Doxium [M0351827]
  
• DOXO-cell [M0479792]
  
• Doxolem [M0479784]
  
• Doxorubicin [M0006784]
  Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.
  
• Doxorubicin Hexal [M0479791]
  
• Doxorubicin Hydrochloride [M0006787]
  
• Doxorubicin NC [M0479789]
  
• Doxorubicina Ferrer Farm [M0479788]
  
• Doxorubicina Funk [M0479787]
  
• Doxorubicina Tedec [M0479786]
  
• Doxorubicine Baxter [M0479785]
  
• Doxotec [M0479795]
  
• Doxylamine [M0006795]
  Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.
  
• Drafilyn [M0432690]
  
• Drakeol [M0013896]
  
• Dramamine [M0006439]
  
• Dramanate [M0485128]
  
• Drapolene [M0350980]
  
• Drenural [M0465166]
  
• Droncit [M0353768]
  
• Drontsit [M0361635]
  
• Droperidol [M0006807]
  A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)
  
• Droxaryl [M0351233]
  
• Droxidopa [M0023229]
  A precursor of noradrenaline that is used in the treatment of parkinsonism. The racemic form (DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine) has also been used, and has been investigated in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. There is a deficit of noradrenaline as well as of dopamine in Parkinson's disease and it has been proposed that this underlies the sudden transient freezing seen usually in advanced disease. Administration of DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine has been claimed to result in an improvement in this phenomenon but controlled studies have failed to demonstrate improvement. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
  
• Droxidopa, (DL-Tyr)-Isomer [M0331216]
  
• Drug Combinations [M0006823]
  Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.
  
• Drug Residues [M0006839]
  Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.
  
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal [M0006858]
  Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.
  
• Drugs, Essential [M0028324]
  Drugs considered essential to meet the health needs of a population as well as to control drug costs. (World Health Organization Action Programme on Essential Drugs, 1994, p3)
  
• Drugs, Generic [M0025275]
  Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.
  
• Drugs, Investigational [M0023868]
  Drugs which have received FDA approval for human testing but have yet to be approved for commercial marketing. This includes drugs used for treatment while they still are undergoing clinical trials (Treatment IND). The main heading includes drugs under investigation in foreign countries.
  
• Drugs, Non-Prescription [M0006860]
  Drugs that can be sold legally without a prescription.
  
• Drugs, Orphan [M0015451]
  
• Drylin [M0024008]
  
• DTIC-Dome [M0005638]
  
• DU-21220 [M0019135]
  
• DU-23000 [M0025398]
  
• Duaxol [M0352571]
  
• Dulcilarmes [M0475328]
  
• Dulcolax [M0352313]
  
• duofem [M0463414]
  
• Duogastrone [M0353613]
  
• DuP-753 [M0029401]
  
• Duphalac [M0012187]
  
• Duphaston [M0006901]
  
• Dur-Elix [M0465038]
  
• durabronchal [M0447117]
  
• duracoron [M0474434]
  
• duradermal [M0465112]
  
• durafenat [M0478146]
  
• Duralozam [M0464801]
  
• Duramorph [M0369450]
  
• Duranest [M0007924]
  
• Durapatite [M0027020]
  The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
  
• Duraphyllin [M0432709]
  
• duraspiron [M0475747]
  
• durazanil [M0477486]
  
• Duromine [M0016534]
  
• Durrax [M0372532]
  
• Durvitan [M0466582]
  
• Dusodril [M0353183]
  
• Duvadilan [M0011808]
  
• Duvaline [M0352570]
  
• Duvoid [M0460104]
  
• Dydrogesterone [M0006900]
  A synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit ovulation.
  
• Dyflos [M0352134]
  
• Dylix [M0485296]
  
• Dylox [M0352154]
  
• Dymelor [M0352361]
  
• Dynacil [M0482929]
  
• Dynacirc [M0372659]
  
• Dyneric [M0004588]
  
• Dynexan-MHP [M0050855]
  
• Dyphylline [M0006910]
  A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.
  
• Dyrenium [M0353784]
  
• Dysman [M0473890]
  
• Dysport [M0460678]
  
• E-250 [M0351220]
  
• EAC [M0432616]
  
• Easprin [M0001868]
  
• Eatan [M0476758]
  
• Ebixa [M0474759]
  
• Ebola Vaccines [M0452769]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER.
  
• Ebromin [M0452000]
  
• Ebucin [M0351615]
  
• Echothiophate Iodide [M0006980]
  A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.
  
• Ecolid [M0353366]
  
• Econazole [M0006989]
  A broad spectrum antimycotic with some action against Gram positive bacteria. It is used topically in dermatomycoses also orally and parenterally.
  
• Econazole Nitrate [M0330414]
  
• Ecotrin [M0001873]
  
• Edecrin [M0007813]
  
• Edemox [M0431650]
  
• Edetate Disodium Calcium [M0007061]
  
• Edetates [M0007075]
  
• Edetic Acid [M0007067]
  A chelating agent (CHELATING AGENTS) that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.
  
• Edetic Acid, Calcium Salt [M0330427]
  
• Edetic Acid, Calcium, Sodium Salt [M0330426]
  
• Edetic Acid, Chromium Salt [M0330421]
  
• Edetic Acid, Dipotassium Salt [M0330419]
  
• Edetic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0330416]
  
• Edetic Acid, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate [M0330423]
  
• Edetic Acid, Disodium, Monopotassium Salt [M0330420]
  
• Edetic Acid, Magnesium Salt [M0330417]
  
• Edetic Acid, Monopotassium Salt [M0330422]
  
• Edetic Acid, Monosodium Salt [M0330418]
  
• Edetic Acid, Potassium Salt [M0330424]
  
• Edetic Acid, Sodium Salt [M0330425]
  
• Edex [M0458743]
  
• Edrophonium [M0007057]
  A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.
  
• Edrophonium Bromide [M0007058]
  
• Edrophonium Chloride [M0007059]
  
• Eferox [M0463499]
  
• Efflumidex [M0478634]
  
• Effortil [M0350530]
  
• Efidac 24 [M0478180]
  
• Eflornithine [M0000787]
  An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.
  
• Eflornithine Hydrochloride [M0330745]
  
• Efortil [M0477842]
  
• Efudix [M0008632]
  
• Eglonyl [M0350880]
  
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid [M0023259]
  Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.
  
• Ekilid [M0475980]
  
• ektebin [M0476057]
  
• Eldepryl [M0019603]
  
• Eldisine [M0476562]
  
• Eledoisin [M0007224]
  A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)
  
• Elenium [M0353495]
  
• Elimite [M0056339]
  
• Elixophyllin [M0362255]
  
• Elkosin [M0350931]
  
• Ellagic Acid [M0007238]
  A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye.
  
• Ellence [M0023489]
  
• Ellipticines [M0007239]
  Pyrido-CARBAZOLES originally discovered in the bark of OCHROSIA ELLIPTICA. They inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis and have immunosuppressive properties.
  
• Elmiron [M0016190]
  
• Elspar [M0001817]
  
• Eltroxin [M0463500]
  
• Eltroxine [M0024800]
  
• EMB-Hefa [M0477799]
  
• Embanox [M0351794]
  
• Embarin [M0451679]
  
• EMBAY 8440 [M0361636]
  
• Embeline [M0495696]
  
• Embeline E [M0399104]
  
• Embichin [M0013173]
  
• Embovin [M0353425]
  
• Emcyt [M0007781]
  
• EMD-33512 [M0350807]
  
• Emdar [M0434738]
  
• Emepronium [M0007264]
  A muscarinic antagonist used mainly in the treatment of urinary syndromes. It is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
  
• Emepronium Bromide [M0351160]
  
• Emergency Contraceptives [M0494742]
  High doses of contraceptive substances that can be taken before, the morning after, or up to five days after the unprotected vaginal intercourse.
  
• Emergil [M0353367]
  
• Emeside [M0477810]
  
• Emetics [M0007280]
  Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.
  
• Emetine [M0007281]
  The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in eucaryotic but not prokaryotic cells.
  
• Emetine Dihydrochloride [M0330432]
  
• Emetine Hydrochloride [M0007282]
  
• Eminase [M0024830]
  
• Emodin [M0007302]
  Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially Rhamnus frangula. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as tool in toxicity studies.
  
• Emollients [M0007304]
  Oleagenous substances used topically to soothe, soften or protect skin or mucous membranes. They are used also as vehicles for other dermatologic agents.
  
• Emovit [M0332661]
  
• EMT-966 [M0027158]
  
• EMT-967 [M0027159]
  
• Emtryl [M0352074]
  
• Emulgen 911 [M0026037]
  
• Emulgin 913 [M0026038]
  
• EN-1639A [M0014444]
  
• EN-2234A [M0352953]
  
• EN-313 [M0333636]
  
• Enalapril [M0007330]
  One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS that is used to treat hypertension.
  
• Enalapril Maleate [M0331398]
  
• Enalapril-TEVA [M0485302]
  
• Enalaprilat [M0024167]
  The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and a potent intravenously administered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.
  
• Enalaprilat Anhydrous [M0329455]
  
• Enalaprilat Citrate, Anhydrous [M0329457]
  
• Enantone [M0025475]
  
• Enbucrilate [M0007334]
  A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.
  
• Enbucrilate, Homopolymer [M0330433]
  
• Encainide [M0025437]
  One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and myocardium.
  
• Encainide Hydrochloride [M0329408]
  
• Encainide, (+)-Isomer [M0329407]
  
• Encainide, (-)-Isomer [M0329406]
  
• Encephabol [M0018264]
  
• Enclomiphene [M0004591]
  
• Enclomiphene Citrate [M0004592]
  
• Encortone [M0351407]
  
• Encron [M0474886]
  
• Endabuse [M0352862]
  
• Endobulin [M0025516]
  
• Endoplus [M0431893]
  
• Endorphenyl [M0333706]
  
• Endosprin [M0001874]
  
• Endostatins [M0271306]
  Angiostatic proteins that are formed from proteolytic cleavage of COLLAGEN TYPE XVIII.
  
• Endoxan [M0005487]
  
• Enduramide [M0014834]
  
• Enerbol [M0018265]
  
• Enflurane [M0007446]
  An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.
  
• Enfran [M0485304]
  
• Enirant [M0485089]
  
• Enisyl [M0012837]
  
• Enkaid [M0350852]
  
• Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- [M0111607]
  An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.
  
• Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- [M0328765]
  A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.
  
• Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine [M0024921]
  A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.
  
• Enkortolon [M0351410]
  
• Enlirane [M0485303]
  
• Enoxacin [M0023652]
  A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (FLUOROQUINOLONES) structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.
  
• Enoxacin Sesquihydrate [M0485309]
  
• Enoxaparin [M0027160]
  Low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, having a 4-enopyranosuronate sodium structure at the non-reducing end of the chain. It is prepared by depolymerization of the benzylic ester of porcine mucosal heparin. Therapeutically, it is used as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Enoximone [M0026327]
  1,3-Dihydro-4-methyl-5-(4-(methylthio)benzoyl)-2H-imidazol-2-one. A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with congestive heart failure.
  
• Enoxin [M0485308]
  
• Enoxor [M0485307]
  
• Enprostil [M0025335]
  A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers.
  
• Enprostil, (1alpha(R*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329474]
  
• Enprostil, (1alpha(R*),2beta(1E,3S*),3alpha)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329475]
  
• Enprostil, (1alpha,2alpha(1E,3S*),3beta)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329476]
  
• Enprostil, (1alpha,2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329477]
  
• Enprostil, (1R-(1(R*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329480]
  
• Enprostil, (1R-(1alpha(S*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329479]
  
• Enprostil, (1R-(1alpha,2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329478]
  
• Enprostil, (1S-(1alpha(R*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329473]
  
• Enprostil, (1S-(1alpha(S*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329472]
  
• ENT-17,798 [M0352175]
  
• Entero-Diyod [M0485377]
  
• Entero-Septol [M0011658]
  
• Entero-Vioform [M0011659]
  
• Enterodez [M0017400]
  
• Enteroquinol [M0011660]
  
• Entodiba [M0485376]
  
• Enzactin [M0373254]
  
• Enzaprost F [M0023417]
  
• Enzyme Activators [M0328188]
  Compounds or factors that act on a specific enzyme to increase its activity.
  
• Enzyme Inhibitors [M0007520]
  Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
  
• Enzyme Reactivators [M0007522]
  Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.
  
• Epamin [M0016584]
  
• Epanutin [M0353241]
  
• Ephedrine [M0007539]
  An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
  
• Ephedrine Hydrochloride [M0485313]
  
• Ephedrine Renaudin [M0485312]
  
• Ephedrine Sulfate [M0485311]
  
• EPI-cell [M0485316]
  
• Epicatechin [M0003643]
  
• Epicholesterol [M0004269]
  
• Epidermal Growth Factor [M0007549]
  A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial cells.
  
• Epifrin [M0007590]
  
• Epilem [M0485315]
  
• Epimestrol [M0007581]
  A synthetic steroid with estrogenic activity.
  
• Epinephrine [M0007583]
  The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics.
  
• Epinigericin [M0014856]
  
• Epinine [M0351199]
  
• Epirizole [M0007594]
  4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
  
• Epirubicin [M0023488]
  An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.
  
• Epirubicin Hydrochloride [M0329520]
  
• Epit Vit [M0458850]
  
• Epitelplast [M0432610]
  
• Epitol [M0354006]
  
• Epitrate [M0007584]
  
• Epivir [M0028684]
  
• EPN-300 [M0352174]
  
• Epodyl [M0351781]
  
• Epoetin Alfa [M0028770]
  This recombinant erythropoetin, a 165-amino acid glycoprotein (about 62% protein and 38% carbohydrate), regulates red blood cell production. Epoetin alfa is produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells into which the human erythropoetin gene has been inserted. (USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, 1996).
  
• Epogen [M0373310]
  
• Epontol [M0351727]
  
• Epoprostenol [M0017816]
  A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).
  
• Epoprostenol Sodium [M0017819]
  
• Epoprostenol Sodium Salt, (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-Isomer [M0329784]
  
• Eposin [M0478086]
  
• Eprex [M0028767]
  
• Epsamon [M0351466]
  
• Epsikapron [M0351465]
  
• Equanil [M0013439]
  
• Equilenin [M0007616]
  An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.
  
• Equilin [M0007618]
  An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.
  
• Eqvalan [M0331954]
  
• Eralzdin Practolol [M0017430]
  
• Ercar [M0477269]
  
• Erganton [M0485106]
  
• Ergenyl [M0351579]
  
• ergo sanol [M0485321]
  
• Ergo-Kranit [M0485320]
  
• ergobel [M0463056]
  
• Ergocalciferols [M0007651]
  Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.
  
• Ergodavur [M0485088]
  
• Ergodesit [M0352815]
  
• Ergodryl Mono [M0485322]
  
• Ergoloid Mesylates [M0007657]
  A mixture of the mesylates (methane sulfonates) of DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and the alpha- and beta-isomers of DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. The substance produces a generalized peripheral vasodilation and a fall in arterial pressure and has been used to treat symptoms of mild to moderate impairment of mental function in the elderly.
  
• Ergomar [M0485319]
  
• Ergomimet [M0354246]
  
• Ergonovine [M0007653]
  An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and vascular smooth muscle contractile properties.
  
• Ergonovine Maleate [M0069657]
  
• Ergont [M0485105]
  
• Ergosterol [M0007654]
  A steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL.
  
• Ergot Alkaloids, Hydrogenated [M0374754]
  
• ergotam von ct [M0485104]
  
• Ergotamine [M0007662]
  A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is an alpha-1 selective adrenergic agonist and is commonly used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
  
• Ergotamine Tartrate [M0330442]
  
• Ergotamine Tartrate (2:1) [M0330441]
  
• Ergotaminine [M0007663]
  
• Ergotrate [M0069656]
  
• Erinit [M0350689]
  
• Eritron [M0373269]
  
• Errolon [M0350916]
  
• Erwinase [M0001816]
  
• Erymax [M0007721]
  
• Erythrityl Tetranitrate [M0007686]
  A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020)
  
• erythro-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine [M0023231]
  
• Erythropoietin, Recombinant [M0028769]
  ERYTHROPOIETIN prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
  
• Esberizid [M0459372]
  
• Escherichia coli Vaccines [M0357585]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat both enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections.
  
• Escin [M0007735]
  Saponin occurring in the seed of the horse chestnut tree. Inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.
  
• Escitalopram [M0406596]
  S-enantiomer of citalopram.
  
• Esclama [M0476753]
  
• Esculin [M0007736]
  
• Eserine [M0351495]
  
• Esidrex [M0373034]
  
• Eskalith [M0372616]
  
• Eskazole [M0431879]
  
• Esmacen [M0434789]
  
• Esomeprazole [M0427109]
  The S-isomer of omeprazole
  
• Esperal [M0006605]
  
• Espironolactona Alter [M0475748]
  
• Espironolactona Mundogen [M0475749]
  
• Esquinon [M0352338]
  
• Estar [M0372330]
  
• Estazolam [M0007763]
  A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.
  
• Estinyl [M0007865]
  
• Estrace [M0007775]
  
• Estracyt [M0007782]
  
• Estraderm TTS [M0007774]
  
• Estradiol [M0007772]
  Generally refers to the 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries and the PLACENTA. It is also produced by the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women. The 17-alpha-isomer of estradiol binds weakly to estrogen receptors (RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN) and exhibits little estrogenic activity in estrogen-responsive tissues. Various isomers can be synthesized.
  
• Estradiol Antagonists [M0007777]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of estradiol.
  
• Estradiol Hemihydrate [M0330337]
  
• Estradiol Hemihydrate, (17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330342]
  
• Estradiol Monohydrate [M0330343]
  
• Estradiol, (+-)-Isomer [M0330446]
  
• Estradiol, (-)-Isomer [M0330338]
  
• Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330384]
  
• Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 beta)-Isomer [M0330447]
  
• Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-(+-)-Isomer [M0330336]
  
• Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-Isomer [M0330339]
  
• Estradiol, (9 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330344]
  
• Estradiol, (9 beta,17 beta)-Isomer [M0330341]
  
• Estradiol, Monosodium Salt [M0330445]
  
• Estradiol, Sodium Salt [M0330444]
  
• Estradiol-17 alpha [M0007773]
  
• Estramustine [M0007783]
  A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.
  
• Estramustine Phosphate Sodium [M0007784]
  
• Estramustinphosphate [M0007785]
  
• Estriol [M0007788]
  A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3-beta, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.
  
• Estrofan [M0023418]
  
• Estrogen Antagonists [M0007791]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogenic compounds.
  
• Estrogen Receptor Modulators [M0328117]
  Substances that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. They act as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. They can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure.
  
• Estrogenic Steroids, Alkylated [M0441916]
  Estrogenic STEROIDS with aliphatic hydrocarbon chain substitution on C17 or other position. 17-alpha-ALKYLATION renders the molecule more stable, resistant to metabolic degradation, and improves oral efficacy. Examples of synthetic alkyl estrogens include ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and MESTRANOL. Substitutions at other sites generates antiestrogenic and cytotoxic properties.
  
• Estrogens [M0007795]
  Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.
  
• Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) [M0007792]
  A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate.
  
• Estrogens, Esterified (USP) [M0441790]
  A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of esterified estrogens derived from estrogen sulfates, principally from ESTRONE sulfate. Esterified estrogen content should be 75-85% of the estrone sulfate and 6-15% of the EQUILIN sulfate.
  
• Estrogens, Non-Steroidal [M0007796]
  Non-steroidal compounds with estrogenic activity.
  
• Estrogens, Synthetic [M0007797]
  Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis which possess estrogenic activity, but differ in structure from naturally occurring estrogens.
  
• Estrone [M0007798]
  An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.
  
• Estrone, (+-)-Isomer [M0330349]
  
• Estrone, (8 alpha)-Isomer [M0330350]
  
• Estrone, (9 beta)-Isomer [M0330348]
  
• Estrovarin [M0369353]
  
• Estrovis [M0474988]
  
• Estrumate [M0004626]
  
• Estulic [M0350964]
  
• ET-495 [M0353383]
  
• Etambutol Llorente [M0477801]
  
• Etaminal [M0369491]
  
• Etamucine [M0357384]
  
• Etanidazole [M0026334]
  A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.
  
• Etazolate [M0007803]
  A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.
  
• Etazolate Hydrochloride [M0352608]
  
• Ethacridine [M0007806]
  A topically applied anti-infective agent.
  
• Ethacridine Lactate [M0007807]
  
• Ethacridine Lactate, Monohydrate [M0330351]
  
• Ethacridine Monohydrate [M0330352]
  
• Ethacrynate Sodium [M0330353]
  
• Ethacrynic Acid [M0007812]
  A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.
  
• Ethambutol [M0007814]
  An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)
  
• Ethambutol Hydrochloride [M0007816]
  
• Ethamide [M0350901]
  
• Ethamoxytriphetol [M0007818]
  A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist.
  
• Ethamsylate [M0007819]
  Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic.
  
• Ethanol [M0000653]
  A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
  
• Ethchlorvynol [M0007824]
  A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.
  
• Ether, Ethyl [M0007827]
  A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.
  
• Ethidium [M0007860]
  A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.
  
• Ethidium Bromide [M0007861]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol [M0007862]
  A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol Hemihydrate [M0330359]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol, (8 alpha)-Isomer [M0330361]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330357]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol, (8 alpha,9 beta,13 alpha,14 beta)-Isomer [M0330356]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol, (9 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330360]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination [M0028741]
  ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions. It has proved to be an effective contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, COMBINED).
  
• Ethinyl-Oestradiol Effik [M0477804]
  
• Ethinylestradiol Jenapharm [M0477805]
  
• Ethiodized Oil [M0007866]
  Ethyl ester of iodinated fatty acid of poppyseed oil. It contains 37% organically bound iodine and has been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) and as an antineoplastic agent when part of the iodine is 131-I. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Ethiodized Poppy Seed Oil [M0330362]
  
• Ethiodol [M0372412]
  
• Ethionamide [M0007869]
  A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. It also may be used for treatment of leprosy. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p868)
  
• Ethionine [M0007870]
  2-Amino-4-(ethylthio)butyric acid. An antimetabolite and methionine antagonist that interferes with amino acid incorporation into proteins and with cellular ATP utilization. It also produces liver neoplasms.
  
• Ethisterone [M0007872]
  17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.
  
• Ethmozine [M0024901]
  
• Ethodin [M0007808]
  
• Ethoform [M0351620]
  
• Ethoglucid [M0007884]
  Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.
  
• Ethopabate [M0007886]
  An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.
  
• Ethosuximide [M0007887]
  An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.
  
• Ethoxyquin [M0007889]
  Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.
  
• Ethoxzolamide [M0007890]
  A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.
  
• Ethrane [M0351796]
  
• Ethyl Adrianol [M0350529]
  
• Ethyl Biscoumacetate [M0007891]
  A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226)
  
• Ethyl Chloride [M0007893]
  A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.
  
• Ethyl Methanesulfonate [M0007896]
  An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.
  
• Ethylestrenol [M0007907]
  An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.
  
• Ethylketocyclazocine [M0024932]
  A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming.
  
• Ethylketocyclazocine Methanesulfonate [M0024933]
  
• Ethylmorphine [M0007912]
  A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.
  
• Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride, (5alpha,6alpha)-Isomer [M0330366]
  
• Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride, Dihydrate, (5alpha,6alpha)-Isomer [M0330369]
  
• Ethylmorphine Sulfate (2:1), (5alpha,6alpha)-Isomer [M0330367]
  
• Ethylmorphine, (5alpha,6beta)-Isomer [M0330368]
  
• Ethymal [M0477817]
  
• Ethynodiol Diacetate [M0007919]
  A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive.
  
• Ethynodiol Diacetate, (17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330372]
  
• Ethyol [M0432472]
  
• Eti-Puren [M0477843]
  
• Etibi [M0477798]
  
• Etidocaine [M0007923]
  A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.
  
• Etidronate [M0020101]
  
• Etidronate Disodium [M0020099]
  
• Etidronate, Tetrapotassium Salt [M0323031]
  
• Etidronic Acid [M0020098]
  A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.
  
• etil von ct [M0477844]
  
• Etilefrin AL [M0477845]
  
• Etilefrin-ratiopharm [M0477846]
  
• Etilefrine [M0007916]
  An adrenergic agonist that appears to interact with beta-2 and some alpha adrenergic receptors. It has been used as a vasoconstrictor agent.
  
• Etilefrine Hydrochloride [M0330371]
  
• Etilefrine Pivalate Hydrochloride [M0330370]
  
• Etimizol [M0007925]
  A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug.
  
• Eto-GRY [M0478088]
  
• Etodolac [M0026281]
  A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent analgesic and antiarthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ankylosing SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).
  
• Etodolac, (+-)-Isomer [M0329289]
  
• Etodolac, (-)-Isomer [M0329290]
  
• Etodolac, (S)-Isomer [M0329291]
  
• Etodolac, Monosodium Salt [M0329286]
  
• Etodolac, Monosodium Salt, (+-) Isomer [M0329287]
  
• Etodolac, Monosodium Salt, (S)-Isomer [M0329288]
  
• Etomidate [M0007928]
  Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.
  
• Etopos [M0478092]
  
• Etoposide [M0007930]
  A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.
  
• Etoposide Pierre Fabre [M0478089]
  
• Etoposide Teva [M0478090]
  
• Etoposide, (5a alpha)-Isomer [M0330375]
  
• Etoposide, (5a alpha,9 alpha)-Isomer [M0330376]
  
• Etoposide, (5S)-Isomer [M0330374]
  
• Etoposide, alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl Isomer [M0330373]
  
• Etoposido Ferrer Farma [M0478091]
  
• Etorphine [M0007932]
  A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.
  
• Etosuximida Faes [M0477818]
  
• Etran [M0351795]
  
• Etretinate [M0007934]
  An oral retinoid used in the treatment of keratotic genodermatosis, lichen planus, and psoriasis. Beneficial effects have also been claimed in the prophylaxis of epithelial neoplasia. The compound may be teratogenic.
  
• EU-4200 [M0353382]
  
• Eucodal [M0352933]
  
• Eucoprost [M0478250]
  
• Eufibron [M0445259]
  
• Eufilina [M0432711]
  
• Eufilina Venosa [M0432710]
  
• Eugenol [M0007941]
  A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.
  
• Euglucon 5 [M0352378]
  
• Euglucon N [M0352377]
  
• Eugynon [M0351264]
  
• Euhypnos [M0021138]
  
• Eulexin [M0482786]
  
• Eunoctal [M0433375]
  
• Euphyllin Retard [M0351374]
  
• Euphylline [M0351373]
  
• Euphylong [M0021285]
  
• Eureceptor [M0350953]
  
• Eurespiran [M0447197]
  
• Eusaprim [M0024009]
  
• Euspiran [M0011784]
  
• Euthyrox [M0463502]
  
• Evazol [M0485017]
  
• Evipan [M0373019]
  
• Evista [M0333877]
  
• Ex-Lax [M0474413]
  
• Exacyl [M0476864]
  
• Excitatory Amino Acid Agents [M0027995]
  Drugs used for their actions on any aspect of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter systems. Included are drugs that act on excitatory amino acid receptors, affect the life cycle of excitatory amino acid transmitters, or affect the survival of neurons using excitatory amino acids.
  
• Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists [M0028005]
  Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.
  
• Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists [M0028006]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.
  
• Exidol [M0351641]
  
• Exitop [M0478093]
  
• Exluton [M0351288]
  
• Exogenous Calcium Channel Agonists [M0003164]
  
• Exohemagglutinins [M0010026]
  
• Exomuc [M0447200]
  
• Expectorants [M0008041]
  Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here.
  
• Expeflen [M0452143]
  
• Expit [M0452144]
  
• Extovyl [M0477354]
  
• Extramycin [M0373219]
  Sisomicin Sulfate
  
• Extranase [M0463230]
  
• Eyedrops [M0015328]
  
• F-6066 [M0352323]
  
• F.I. 6714 [M0352829]
  
• Fabrol [M0447203]
  
• Factor IX [M0008141]
  Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).
  
• Factor VIII [M0008146]
  Blood-coagulation factor VIII. Antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. Factor VIII is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It serves as a cofactor in factor X activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin.
  
• Factrel [M0012447]
  
• Fadrozole [M0026296]
  A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.
  
• Fadrozole Monohydrochloride [M0329304]
  
• Fali-Cor [M0474435]
  
• Falicard [M0022606]
  
• Falithrom [M0373203]
  
• Famel Bromhexine [M0465039]
  
• Famotidine [M0024121]
  A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.
  
• Famotidine Hydrochloride [M0329443]
  
• Fanasil [M0350925]
  
• Fanaxal [M0431913]
  
• FANFT [M0008228]
  A potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.
  
• Fareston [M0026289]
  
• Farlutal [M0026187]
  
• Farmabroxol [M0452145]
  
• Farmiblastina [M0479794]
  
• Farmorubicina [M0485317]
  
• Farnesol [M0008233]
  A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
  
• Fasigyn [M0352086]
  
• Fat Emulsions, Intravenous [M0008250]
  Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.
  
• Faustan [M0006235]
  
• Favistan [M0352358]
  
• FB b 5097 [M0353210]
  
• FC-1157a [M0026290]
  
• FCOL [M0008578]
  
• Feen-A-Mint [M0474414]
  
• Feldene [M0016900]
  
• Felo Biochemie [M0478123]
  
• Felo-Puren [M0478124]
  
• Felobeta [M0478125]
  
• Felocor [M0478126]
  
• Felodipin 1A Pharma [M0478132]
  
• Felodipin AbZ [M0478133]
  
• Felodipin AL [M0478134]
  
• Felodipin AZU [M0478135]
  
• Felodipin dura [M0478136]
  
• Felodipin Heumann [M0478148]
  
• Felodipin Stada [M0478149]
  
• felodipin von ct [M0478150]
  
• Felodipin-ratiopharm [M0478151]
  
• Felodipine [M0024118]
  A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.
  
• Felodur [M0478127]
  
• Felogamma [M0478128]
  
• Feloran [M0006289]
  
• Felviten [M0351791]
  
• Felypressin [M0008307]
  A synthetic analog of lysine vasopressin with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.
  
• Female Fertility Agents, Synthetic [M0008374]
  
• Femulen [M0007922]
  
• Fenactil [M0354105]
  
• Fenamine [M0370892]
  
• Fenasal [M0350860]
  
• Fenbendazole [M0008324]
  Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.
  
• Fenclonine [M0015725]
  A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.
  
• Fenclonine (L)-Isomer [M0329930]
  
• Fenclonine Hydrobromide [M0329934]
  
• Fenclonine Hydrochloride [M0329933]
  
• Fenclonine, (D)-Isomer [M0329929]
  
• Fendiline [M0008325]
  Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.
  
• Fendiline Hydrochloride [M0478137]
  
• Fenfluramine [M0008328]
  A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.
  
• Fenfluramine Hydrochloride [M0008329]
  
• Fenfluramine Hydrochloride, (+-)-Isomer [M0331402]
  
• Fenfluramine Hydrochloride, R-Isomer [M0331403]
  
• Fenfluramine, (+-)-Isomer [M0331406]
  
• Fenfluramine, R-Isomer [M0331404]
  
• Fenigidin [M0369477]
  
• Fenilbutazon [M0016553]
  
• Fenilin [M0351701]
  
• Fenistil [M0006450]
  
• Fenobeta [M0478244]
  
• Fenofanton [M0478245]
  
• Fenofibrat AbZ [M0478246]
  
• Fenofibrat AL [M0478622]
  
• Fenofibrat AZU [M0478623]
  
• Fenofibrat Heumann [M0478624]
  
• Fenofibrat Hexal [M0478625]
  
• Fenofibrat Stada [M0478626]
  
• fenofibrat von ct [M0478627]
  
• Fenofibrat-ratiopharm [M0478628]
  
• F�nofibrate MSD [M0478154]
  
• Fenoldopam [M0028173]
  A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.
  
• Fenoldopam Hydrobromide [M0329177]
  
• Fenoldopam Mesylate [M0329176]
  
• Fenoprain [M0352001]
  
• Fenoprofen [M0008332]
  An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic highly bound to plasma proteins. It is pharmacologically similar to ASPIRIN, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
• Fenoprofen Calcium [M0330378]
  
• Fenoprofen, Anhydrous, Calcium Salt [M0330377]
  
• Fenoterol [M0008335]
  An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.
  
• Fenoterol Hydrobromide [M0329001]
  
• Fenoterol Hydrochloride [M0331197]
  
• Fenretinide [M0026291]
  A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.
  
• Fenretinide, 13-cis-Isomer [M0329299]
  
• Fensel [M0478129]
  
• Fentanest [M0008340]
  
• Fentanyl [M0008338]
  A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
  
• Fentanyl Citrate [M0330379]
  
• Feosol [M0477640]
  
• Feprapax [M0463978]
  
• Feraken [M0474404]
  
• Ferrous Ascorbate [M0001798]
  
• Fertility Agents [M0008371]
  Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.
  
• Fertility Agents, Female [M0008372]
  Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.
  
• Fertility Agents, Female, Hormonal [M0008373]
  
• Fertility Agents, Male [M0008375]
  Compounds which increase the capacity of the male to induce conception.
  
• Fertility Agents, Male, Hormonal [M0008376]
  
• Festinex [M0475588]
  
• FG-7051 [M0363572]
  
• FG-9065 [M0354001]
  
• FI-6934 [M0373519]
  
• Fiblaferon [M0331822]
  
• Fiboran [M0434050]
  
• Fibrates [M0457739]
  Analogs of CLOFIBRIC ACID which are useful at inhibiting PPAR ALPHA for treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.
  
• Fibrin [M0008424]
  A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.
  
• Fibrin Foam [M0008427]
  A dry artificial sterile sponge of fibrin prepared by clotting with thrombin a foam or solution of fibrinogen. It is used in conjunction with thrombin as a hemostatic in surgery at sites where bleeding cannot be controlled by more common methods. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p648)
  
• Fibrin Klebe System Immuno [M0373274]
  
• Fibrin Modulating Agents [M0473886]
  Agents that affect the function of FIBRIN in BLOOD COAGULATION. They used as COAGULANTS for HEMORRHAGE or ANTICOAGULANTS for THROMBOSIS.
  
• Fibrin Seal [M0373273]
  
• Fibrin Tissue Adhesive [M0024100]
  An autologous or commercial tissue adhesive containing FIBRINOGEN and THROMBIN. The commercial product is a two component system from human plasma that contains more than fibrinogen and thrombin. The first component contains highly concentrated fibrinogen, FACTOR VIII, fibronectin, and traces of other plasma proteins. The second component contains thrombin, calcium chloride, and antifibrinolytic agents such as APROTININ. Mixing of the two components promotes BLOOD CLOTTING and the formation and cross-linking of fibrin. The tissue adhesive is used for tissue sealing, HEMOSTASIS, and WOUND HEALING.
  
• Fibrinolytic Agents [M0008434]
  Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to fibrinolysin (PLASMIN).
  
• Fibrocid [M0016191]
  
• Fibroderm [M0432609]
  
• Fibrogammin [M0478247]
  
• Fibrospum [M0008428]
  
• Ficusin [M0008462]
  A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.
  
• Fidium [M0477345]
  
• Filaricides [M0008469]
  Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.
  
• Filgrastim [M0028831]
  A hematopoietic growth factor which promotes proliferation and maturation of neutrophil granulocytes. Clinically it is effective in decreasing the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive therapy or in reducing the duration of neutropenia and neutropenia-related clinical sequelae in patients with non-myeloid malignancies undergoing myeloblastive chemotherapy followed by BMT. It has also been used in AIDS patients with CMV retinitis being treated with GANCICLOVIR. (Gelman CR, Rumack BH & Hess AJ (eds): DRUGDEX(R) System. MICROMEDEX, Inc., Englewood, Colorado (Edition expires 11/30/95))
  
• Filipin I [M0008474]
  
• Filipin II [M0008475]
  
• Filipin IV [M0008476]
  
• Fimomed [M0351405]
  
• Finasteride [M0027324]
  An orally active TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  
• Finlepsin [M0354007]
  
• Finoptin [M0373264]
  
• Fisifax [M0463057]
  
• Fivasa [M0474826]
  
• FK 33-824 [M0008530]
  
• FK-506 [M0335288]