Pharmacologic Substance

MeSH ID: T121

Related Concepts:

• (+)-Cyanidanol-3 [M0003637]
  
• (131)I-Macroaggregated Albumin [M0019694]
  
• (3-Iodo-(131I)benzyl)guanidine [M0029374]
  
• (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride [M0013150]
  A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.
  
• (L)-Mannitol [M0330105]
  
• (R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-8-chloro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol [M0024710]
  A dopamine D1 receptor antagonist that has no effect or only very limited effect on dopamine D2 receptors. The compound has tranquilizing effects, inhibits conditioned avoidance response, impairs memory acquisition, produces dose-dependent catalepsy, blocks central serotonin receptors, and reduces the lethal effects of cocaine.
  
• 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine [M0023172]
  Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.
  
• 1,5-Deoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol [M0026527]
  
• 1,5-Dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol [M0329225]
  
• 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine [M0028749]
  A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.
  
• 1-Deoxymannojirimycin [M0026525]
  
• 1-Deoxynojirimycin [M0026526]
  An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity.
  
• 1-Deoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride [M0329224]
  
• 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine [M0023168]
  A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES
  
• 1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II [M0023171]
  An ANGIOTENSIN II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.
  
• 11614 R.P. [M0351291]
  
• 13-cis-Acitretin [M0026178]
  
• 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid [M0029372]
  A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of PHOSPHOLIPASE C. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)
  
• 16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2 [M0023176]
  A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.
  
• 16,17-Epiestriol [M0330347]
  
• 16-Epiestriol [M0007789]
  The 16 beta-isomer of ESTRIOL.
  
• 17 beta-Acetoxy-9-fluoro-11 beta-hydroxyprogesterone [M0005338]
  
• 17 beta-Hydroxy-5 beta-Androstan-3-One [M0020412]
  
• 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone [M0028774]
  A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.
  
• 17-alpha-Methyltestosterone [M0452649]
  
• 17-Epiestriol [M0330345]
  
• 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, (9 beta, 10 alpha)-Isomer [M0329190]
  
• 17-Ketosteroids [M0023181]
  Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.
  
• 18-Hydroxycorticosterone [M0023182]
  11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione.
  
• 18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone [M0023183]
  An analog of desoxycorticosterone which is substituted by a hydroxyl group at the C-18 position.
  
• 18alpha-Carbenoxolone [M0247938]
  
• 19,583 RP [M0351745]
  
• 2'-CMP [M0005573]
  
• 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine [M0362415]
  A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.
  
• 2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonate [M0003168]
  
• 2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonic Acid [M0003169]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine [M0006747]
  A psychedelic phenyl isopropylamine derivative, commonly called DOM, whose mood-altering effects and mechanism of action may be similar to those of LSD.
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330396]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0330399]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0330400]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (+,-)-Isomer [M0330395]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (R)-Isomer [M0330397]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, (S)-Isomer [M0330398]
  
• 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine, Hydrochloride [M0330394]
  
• 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate [M0024150]
  The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.
  
• 2-Aminopurine [M0023189]
  A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).
  
• 2-Bromoergocryptine Mesylate [M0002949]
  
• 2-Chloroadenosine [M0024149]
  2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system.
  
• 2-Hydroxyphenethylamine [M0023191]
  Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry.
  
• 2-Methylpyridine 2-Benzimidazole Sulfoxides [M0496553]
  
• 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles [M0496552]
  Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.
  
• 2589 R.B. [M0353997]
  
• 2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dime [M0019226]
  Proposed catecholamine depletor.
  
• 3'-Chloroacetophenone [M0363297]
  
• 3'-CMP [M0005574]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans [M0029556]
  A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21)
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monohydr [M0329056]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329051]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329058]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide Monometh [M0329050]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1R-cis [M0329053]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1S-cis [M0329052]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans) [M0329057]
  
• 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans) [M0329055]
  
• 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine [M0023230]
  
• 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine [M0023232]
  An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.
  
• 3-Deazauridine [M0023213]
  4-Hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone. Analog of uridine lacking a ring-nitrogen in the 3-position. Functions as an antineoplastic agent.
  
• 3-Hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan [M0012436]
  
• 3-Iodobenzylguanidine [M0029373]
  A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.
  
• 3-Iodobenzylguanidine, 123I Labeled [M0331309]
  
• 3-Iodobenzylguanidine, 125I Labeled [M0331308]
  
• 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid [M0023220]
  An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.
  
• 3-Nitro-10 [M0352109]
  
• 3-O-Methylglucose [M0028773]
  A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)
  
• 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethy [M0002232]
  A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.
  
• 33 A 74 [M0353761]
  
• 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid [M0027010]
  An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.
  
• 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine [M0373905]
  A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.
  
• 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone [M0019225]
  Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.
  
• 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid [M0019908]
  A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.
  
• 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0329725]
  
• 4-Aminobenzoic Acid [M0015714]
  A member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. It used to be common in SUNSCREENING AGENTS until found to also be a sensitizer. The potassium salt is used therapeutically in fibrotic skin disorders.
  
• 4-Aminopyridine [M0024148]
  One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS, with secondary effect on calcium currents, which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes.
  
• 4-Aminopyridine Sustained Release [M0455963]
  
• 4-Butyrolactone [M0023238]
  One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.
  
• 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate [M0004172]
  A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.
  
• 4-Fluorophenylalanine [M0015726]
  
• 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acids [M0015857]
  
• 4-Hydroxycoumarins [M0023241]
  Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants.
  
• 4306-CB [M0372326]
  
• 5 beta-Dihydrotestosterone [M0020413]
  
• 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine [M0023255]
  Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.
  
• 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine [M0023256]
  Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.
  
• 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid [M0023258]
  A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).
  
• 5-Amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole [M0352073]
  A nitrovinyl furan used as a schistosomicidal agent and proposed for trypanosomiasis, especially Chagas disease.
  
• 5-Aminosalicylate [M0029385]
  
• 5-Fluorouracil-biosyn [M0478644]
  
• 5-FU Lederle [M0478646]
  
• 5-FU medac [M0478647]
  
• 5-HT1 Agonists [M0026368]
  
• 5-HT2 Agonists [M0026369]
  
• 5-HT3 Agonists [M0026370]
  
• 5-HU Hexal [M0478645]
  
• 5-Hydroxytryptophan [M0010787]
  The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.
  
• 5-Methoxytryptamine [M0013607]
  Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.
  
• 53-32C [M0353428]
  
• 566C [M0173852]
  
• 566C80 [M0173853]
  
• 6 alpha-Methylprednisolone Sodium Hemisuccinate [M0013666]
  
• 6-Aminocaproic Acid [M0023260]
  An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.
  
• 6-Aminonicotinamide [M0023261]
  A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.
  
• 6-Carboxycellulose [M0003791]
  
• 6-Cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline [M0329174]
  
• 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione [M0028085]
  A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.
  
• 6-Mercaptopurine [M0023263]
  An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.
  
• 6-Mercaptopurine Monohydrate [M0329507]
  
• 6029-M [M0352881]
  
• 7-epi-Taxol [M0026155]
  
• 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate [M0023265]
  A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
  
• 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Monosodium Salt [M0329509]
  
• 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Sodium Salt [M0329508]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin [M0026382]
  A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide [M0329197]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (+-)-Isomer [M0329203]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (R)-Isomer, [M0329198]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrobromide, (S)-Isomer, [M0329199]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer, [M0329195]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329196]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (+-)-Isomer [M0329200]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (R)-Isomer [M0329201]
  
• 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, (S)-Isomer [M0329202]
  
• 8-MOP [M0392719]
  
• 99mTc-Albures [M0353697]
  
• 99mTc-Human Serum Albumin [M0021097]
  
• A-301 [M0373573]
  
• A-41304 [M0351299]
  
• A-43818 [M0369307]
  
• A-Ba-C-50,005 [M0017538]
  
• A-MethaPred [M0351482]
  
• Aarane [M0353583]
  
• Abactal [M0353996]
  
• Abactrim [M0024004]
  
• Abbokinase [M0333864]
  
• Abbott-38579 [M0373097]
  
• Abortifacient Agents [M0000021]
  Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.
  
• Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal [M0000022]
  Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.
  
• Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal [M0000023]
  Steroidal compounds with abortifacient activity.
  
• Abrohexal [M0451771]
  
• Abscisic Acid Monoammonium Salt, (R)-Isomer [M0330680]
  
• Abscisic Acid, (E,Z)-(+,-)-Isomer [M0330678]
  
• Abscisic Acid, (R)-Isomer [M0330677]
  
• Abscisic Acid, (Z,E)-Isomer [M0330737]
  
• Abstem [M0005431]
  
• ABT 538 [M0373924]
  
• Abuf�ne [M0431875]
  
• Acamol [M0000117]
  
• Acarbose [M0070912]
  An inhibitor of alpha glucosidase that retards the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and hence reduces the increase in blood-glucose concentrations after a carbohydrate load. It is given orally to non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients where diet modification or oral hypoglycemic agents do not control their condition. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
  
• Accurbron [M0353807]
  
• Accutane [M0023833]
  
• acebraus [M0445735]
  
• Acebutolol [M0000100]
  A cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.
  
• Acebutolol Heumann [M0431309]
  
• Acebutolol Hydrochloride [M0331293]
  
• Ac�butolol-ratiopharm [M0431312]
  
• Acecainide [M0000193]
  A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.
  
• Acecainide Hydrochloride [M0000194]
  
• Acedapsone [M0000103]
  Acetylated sulfone that is slowly metabolized to give long-term, low blood levels of DAPSONE. It has antimicrobial and antimalarial action, but is mainly used as a depot leprostatic agent.
  
• Acedoxin [M0000176]
  
• ACEL-IMUNE [M0272459]
  
• Acemethadone [M0351996]
  
• Acemuc [M0444760]
  
• Acenocoumarol [M0000105]
  A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233)
  
• Acephen [M0418290]
  
• Acepromazine [M0000107]
  A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.
  
• Acepromazine Maleate [M0330684]
  
• Acetabs [M0445736]
  
• Acetaco [M0000114]
  
• Acetadiazol [M0431655]
  
• Acetaminophen [M0000115]
  Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.
  
• Acetazolam [M0431657]
  
• Acetazolamide [M0000127]
  One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
  
• Acetazolamide Sodium, (Sterile) [M0000128]
  
• Acetazolamide, Monosodium Salt [M0330686]
  
• Acetic Acid [M0028791]
  Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
  
• Acetilcolina Cusi [M0431673]
  
• Acetohexamide [M0000136]
  A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.
  
• Acetopt [M0475852]
  
• Acetyl-beta-methylcholine [M0024754]
  
• Acetyl-L-Carnitine [M0000163]
  
• Acetylcarnitine [M0000161]
  An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.
  
• Acetylcarnitine, (R)-Isomer [M0330692]
  
• Acetylcholine [M0000165]
  A neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine in vertebrates is the major transmitter at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. It is generally not used as an administered drug because it is broken down very rapidly by cholinesterases, but it is useful in some ophthalmological applications.
  
• Acetylcholine Bromide [M0049582]
  
• Acetylcholine Chloride [M0049840]
  
• Acetylcholine Fluoride [M0330698]
  
• Acetylcholine Hydroxide [M0330695]
  
• Acetylcholine Iodide [M0330693]
  
• Acetylcholine L-Tartrate [M0330700]
  
• Acetylcholine Perchlorate [M0330701]
  
• Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1) [M0330699]
  
• Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1) [M0330694]
  
• Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [M0004294]
  
• Acetylcystein AL [M0445728]
  
• Acetylcystein Atid [M0445737]
  
• Acetylcystein Heumann [M0445739]
  
• Acetylcystein Trom [M0445740]
  
• Acetylcysteine [M0000171]
  The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.
  
• Ac�tylcyst�ine GNR [M0445979]
  
• Acetylcysteine Hydrochloride [M0331337]
  
• Acetylcysteine Sodium [M0331341]
  
• Acetylcysteine Zinc [M0331336]
  
• Acetylcysteine, (D)-Isomer [M0331339]
  
• Acetylcysteine, (DL)-Isomer [M0331342]
  
• Acetylcysteine, Monoammonium Salt [M0331340]
  
• Acetylcysteine, Monosodium Salt [M0331338]
  
• Acetyldigitoxin [M0000181]
  
• Acetyldigitoxins [M0000177]
  Cardioactive derivatives of lanatoside A or of DIGITOXIN. They are used for fast digitalization in congestive heart failure.
  
• Acetyldigoxins [M0000182]
  Alpha- or beta-acetyl derivatives of DIGOXIN or lanatoside C from Digitalis lanata. They are better absorbed and longer acting than digoxin and are used in congestive heart failure.
  
• Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine [M0000191]
  Peptidoglycan immunoadjuvant originally isolated from bacterial cell wall fragments; also acts as pyrogen and may cause arthritis; stimulates both humoral and cellular immunity.
  
• Acetylthiocholine [M0000196]
  An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.
  
• Acetysal [M0001870]
  
• Acetyst [M0445741]
  
• Aci-Sanorania [M0448396]
  
• Acic [M0448395]
  
• Aciclobeta [M0448401]
  
• Aciclostad [M0448402]
  
• Aciclovir Alonga [M0474669]
  
• Acid Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors [M0024278]
  
• Acidic Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor [M0022082]
  
• Acidin-Pepsin [M0002434]
  
• Acifugan [M0353575]
  
• Acifur [M0448592]
  
• Acignost [M0016167]
  
• Acitretin [M0026177]
  An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.
  
• Acitretin, (Z,E,E,E)-Isomer [M0329348]
  
• Acivir [M0451637]
  
• Aclacin [M0431771]
  
• Aclaplastin [M0431772]
  
• Aclarubicin [M0023487]
  An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.
  
• Aclin [M0476023]
  
• Aconite [M0000234]
  Dried root of Aconitum napellus.
  
• Aconitine [M0000236]
  A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM plants. It activates voltage-gated SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIA in experimental animals and it has antiinflammatory and antineuralgic properties.
  
• Acriflavine [M0000250]
  3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
  
• Acriflavine Dihydrochloride [M0330709]
  
• Acriflavine Trichydrochloride [M0330710]
  
• Acrolactine [M0007805]
  
• Acronine [M0000264]
  A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants.
  
• Actidil [M0022016]
  
• Actidose [M0478053]
  
• Actidose-Aqua [M0478052]
  
• Actihaemyl [M0000273]
  An extract from calf blood containing inorganic salts, amino acids, polypeptides and purines, but no proteins nor antigenic substances or blood group characteristics. Its exact composition is unknown. It has been proposed as a radiation-protective agent.
  
• Actilyse [M0016992]
  
• Actinex [M0352311]
  
• Activase [M0333862]
  
• Activated Charcoal [M0003992]
  
• Activir [M0448596]
  
• Acular [M0333554]
  
• Acupan [M0014550]
  
• Acyclo-V [M0449386]
  
• Acyclovir [M0000326]
  A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.
  
• Acyclovir Sodium [M0000327]
  
• Acylpyrin [M0001871]
  
• Adalat [M0014849]
  
• Adancor [M0463082]
  
• Adaquin [M0474990]
  
• Adebit [M0350939]
  
• Adekin [M0432249]
  
• Adenosine Triphosphate [M0000395]
  An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
  
• Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride [M0000396]
  
• Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) [M0029430]
  A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.
  
• Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate [M0000416]
  5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.
  
• Adepal [M0351262]
  
• Adgyn Medro [M0473882]
  
• Adicin [M0000178]
  
• Adipex-P [M0016533]
  
• Adiuretin [M0369335]
  
• Adiuretin SD [M0369334]
  
• Adjuvants, Anesthesia [M0001144]
  Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.
  
• Adjuvants, Immunologic [M0000431]
  Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
  
• Admon [M0463280]
  
• ADR-529 [M0363547]
  
• Adrenaline Bitartrate [M0362233]
  
• Adrenaline Hydrochloride [M0007582]
  
• Adrenam [M0477834]
  
• Adrenergic Agents [M0027961]
  Drugs that act on adrenergic receptors or affect the life cycle of adrenergic transmitters. Included here are adrenergic agonists and antagonists and agents that affect the synthesis, storage, uptake, metabolism, or release of adrenergic transmitters.
  
• Adrenergic Agonists [M0000497]
  Drugs that bind to and activate adrenergic receptors.
  
• Adrenergic alpha-Agonists [M0000492]
  Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.
  
• Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists [M0000493]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.
  
• Adrenergic Antagonists [M0027982]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. Adrenergic antagonists block the actions of the endogenous adrenergic transmitters EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.
  
• Adrenergic beta-Agonists [M0000494]
  Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.
  
• Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [M0000495]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.
  
• Adrenergic Neurohumor Depleters [M0027967]
  
• Adrenergic Neuron Agents [M0027962]
  
• Adrenergic Release Inhibitors [M0027968]
  
• Adrenergic Synthesis Inhibitors [M0027964]
  
• Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors [M0028095]
  Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.
  
• Adrenomedullin [M0216201]
  A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.
  
• Adreson [M0351521]
  
• Adriablastine [M0006788]
  
• Adriamycin [M0006785]
  
• Adrimedac [M0479790]
  
• Adrucil [M0008633]
  
• Adsorba [M0478054]
  
• Adumbran [M0353487]
  
• Advantage-S [M0418447]
  A spermicidal contraceptive vaginal gel that contains nonoxynol-9 (N-9), available without prescription
  
• Aequamen [M0002429]
  
• Aerolate [M0353810]
  
• Aerosol OT [M0006485]
  
• Aescusan [M0362055]
  
• AF-1161 [M0361359]
  
• Afazol Grin [M0462892]
  
• Afonilum [M0432651]
  
• Afonilum Retard [M0353811]
  
• Aftate [M0476658]
  
• Afungil [M0004209]
  
• AG 1343 [M0353763]
  
• Agapurin [M0016200]
  
• Agar [M0000553]
  A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.
  
• Agaroletten [M0477363]
  
• Agon [M0478122]
  
• agonists [M0030947]
  Used with chemicals, drugs, and endogenous substances to indicate substances or agents that have affinity for a receptor and intrinsic activity at that receptor. (From Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p.16)
  
• Agostilben [M0006358]
  
• Agovirin [M0021195]
  
• Agyrax [M0473868]
  
• AH-19065 [M0353201]
  
• AH-5158 [M0012102]
  
• AHR-1911 [M0352392]
  
• AI3-24916 [M0352208]
  
• AIDS Vaccines [M0025741]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.
  
• Aiglonyl [M0475975]
  
• Aimax [M0352395]
  
• Airbron [M0445742]
  
• Ajan [M0369471]
  
• Ajmaline [M0000613]
  An alkaloid found in the root of Rauwolfia serpentina, among other plant sources. It is a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.
  
• AK-Con [M0462894]
  
• AK-Sulf [M0475853]
  
• Ak-Zol [M0431659]
  
• AKBeta [M0463365]
  
• Akineton [M0002569]
  
• Alavert [M0446775]
  
• Albalon [M0462893]
  
• Albendazole [M0024161]
  A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)
  
• Albendazole Monohydrochloride [M0331350]
  
• Albendoral [M0431880]
  
• Albetol [M0012101]
  
• Albucid [M0020738]
  
• Albuterol [M0000631]
  A racemic mixture with a 1:1 ratio of the r-isomer, levalbuterol, and s-albuterol. It is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist with its main clinical use in ASTHMA.
  
• Albuterol Sulfate [M0000633]
  
• Alcar [M0000164]
  
• Alcohol Deterrents [M0000649]
  Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.
  
• Alcophobin [M0006602]
  
• Alcuronium [M0000669]
  A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to TUBOCURARINE. It is used as an anesthesia adjuvant.
  
• Alcuronium Chloride [M0330741]
  
• Aldactone [M0020353]
  
• Aldactone A [M0020354]
  
• Aldecin [M0473526]
  
• Aldizem [M0353524]
  
• Aldocumar [M0476572]
  
• Aldomet [M0013628]
  
• Aldosterone [M0000686]
  A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.
  
• Aldosterone Antagonists [M0000687]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of aldosterone.
  
• Aldosterone, (+-)-Isomer [M0330742]
  
• Aldosterone, (11 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330743]
  
• Alendronate [M0028852]
  A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis.
  
• Alendronate Sodium [M0329075]
  
• Alerlisin [M0477944]
  
• Alermizol [M0434733]
  
• Aleve [M0360811]
  
• Alfamedin [M0485271]
  
• Alfatesine [M0351496]
  
• Alfathesin [M0351497]
  
• Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture [M0362311]
  A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anesthetic. It is no longer actively marketed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1445)
  
• Alfenta [M0024146]
  
• Alfentanil [M0024147]
  A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
  
• Alfentanil Hydrochloride [M0329444]
  
• Algestone [M0000801]
  A synthetic progestational dihydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE. Its acetonide possesses anti-inflammatory properties.
  
• Algestone Acetophenide [M0000706]
  A progesterone that has been used in ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION and has been evaluated as an injectable contraceptive in combination with estradiol enanthate. It is also used therapeutically as a topical anti-inflammatory and is applied topically in the treatment of ACNE.
  
• Alginates [M0000707]
  Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as absorbent material for surgical dressings.
  
• Algopyrin [M0372398]
  
• Algotropyl [M0000116]
  
• Alhydrogel [M0372283]
  
• Alkeran [M0013332]
  
• Alkylating Agents [M0000721]
  Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases.
  
• Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium Chloride [M0002326]
  
• All Clear [M0462942]
  
• Allantoin [M0000725]
  A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.
  
• Aller-Chlor [M0478189]
  
• Allerdryl [M0369592]
  
• Allergan 211 [M0010992]
  
• Allergipuran [M0465107]
  
• Alloferin [M0351185]
  
• Allohexal [M0451762]
  
• Alloprin [M0451763]
  
• Allopurin [M0451764]
  
• Allopurinol [M0000745]
  A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.
  
• Allorin [M0451781]
  
• Allpargin [M0451782]
  
• Allural [M0451797]
  
• Allylamine [M0000751]
  Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for vascular smooth muscle cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.
  
• Allylestrenol [M0000752]
  A synthetic steroid with progestational activity.
  
• Allylglycine [M0000753]
  An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.
  
• Almirid [M0485092]
  
• Almitrine [M0024158]
  A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.
  
• Almitrine Dimesylate [M0329453]
  
• Almitrine Monomesylate [M0329452]
  
• ALO-1401-02 [M0333058]
  
• Alocril [M0476699]
  
• Alodorm [M0476754]
  
• Aloe Emodin [M0007303]
  
• Alophen Brand of Bisacodyl [M0477364]
  
• Alotec [M0373119]
  
• Aloxiprimum [M0001863]
  
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin [M0000780]
  Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES. Commonly referred to as alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI), it exists in over 30 different biochemical variant forms known collectively as the Pi (protease inhibitor) system. Hereditary A1PI deficiency is associated with PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.
  
• alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor F [M0000781]
  
• alpha 1-Proteinase Inhibitor S [M0000782]
  
• Alpha(1) Antiplasmin [M0001392]
  
• alpha-Acetyldigitoxin [M0000179]
  
• alpha-Acetyldigoxin [M0000183]
  
• alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid [M0027584]
  An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.
  
• alpha-Amylase [M0000783]
  An enzyme that catalyzes the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides containing 3 or more 1,4-alpha-linked D-glucose units. EC 3.2.1.1.
  
• Alpha-Amylase Bayer [M0477123]
  
• alpha-Chlorohydrin [M0000786]
  A chlorinated propanediol compound that has shown anti-fertility activity in males and has been used as a chemosterilant in rodents.
  
• Alpha-Chymotrypsin Choay [M0478344]
  
• alpha-Cysteine Protease Inhibitors [M0024279]
  
• alpha-Defensins [M0360491]
  DEFENSINS found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and in the secretory granules of intestinal PANETH CELLS.
  
• alpha-Heparin [M0010189]
  
• alpha-Methyltyrosine [M0029394]
  An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)
  
• alpha-Methyltyrosine Hydrochloride [M0329126]
  
• alpha-Thrombin [M0021420]
  
• alpha-Tocopherol [M0370590]
  A natural tocopherol and one of the most potent antioxidant tocopherols. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. It has four methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus. The natural d form of alpha-tocopherol is more active than its synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol racemic mixture.
  
• Alphacutan�e [M0478343]
  
• Alphadione [M0351500]
  
• Alphaglobin [M0025532]
  
• Alphaprodine [M0000798]
  An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)
  
• Alphaprodine Hydrochloride [M0330746]
  
• Alphathesin [M0351501]
  
• Alpheprol [M0000808]
  
• Alprazolam [M0000806]
  A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)
  
• Alprenolol [M0000809]
  One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.
  
• Alprenolol Hydrochloride [M0000810]
  
• Alprostadil [M0000811]
  A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow. It inhibits platelet aggregation and has many other biological effects such as bronchodilation, mediation of inflammation, etc.
  
• Alprox [M0432029]
  
• Alrheumat [M0352656]
  
• Alrheumum [M0011997]
  
• Alseroxylon [M0018532]
  An alkaloidal extract from RAUWOLFIA.
  
• Althesin [M0000817]
  
• Altodor [M0351831]
  
• Altosid [M0351551]
  
• Altosid PS-10 [M0351550]
  
• Altramet [M0004480]
  
• Altretamine [M0010310]
  An alkylating agent proposed as an antineoplastic. It also acts as a chemosterilant for male houseflies and other insects.
  
• Alugel [M0431974]
  
• Alum Compounds [M0000823]
  Aluminum metal sulfate compounds used medically as astringents and for many industrial purposes. They are used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of ulcerative stomatitis, leukorrhea, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, metritis, and minor wounds.
  
• Alumino-4-Aminosalicylic Acid [M0015720]
  
• Aluminum Hydroxide [M0000825]
  A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.
  
• Aluminum Hydroxide (Gel), Dried [M0000827]
  
• Aluminum Hydroxide Gel [M0000826]
  
• Alupent [M0015387]
  
• Alvadermo [M0478593]
  
• Alveograf [M0027024]
  
• Alveolex [M0445743]
  
• Alyrane [M0485305]
  
• Alzheimer Vaccines [M0365996]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
  
• AM-0715 [M0353993]
  
• AM-833 [M0353991]
  
• Aman [M0432309]
  
• Amanta [M0432289]
  
• Amanta-HCI-AZU [M0432290]
  
• Amanta-Sulfate-AZU [M0432314]
  
• Amantadin AL [M0432310]
  
• Amantadin Stada [M0432291]
  
• Amantadin-neuraxpharm [M0432311]
  
• Amantadin-ratiopharm [M0432292]
  
• Amantadina Juventus [M0432293]
  
• Amantadina Llorente [M0432294]
  
• Amantadine [M0000847]
  An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake.
  
• Amantadine Hydrochloride [M0330750]
  
• Amantadine Sulfate [M0000848]
  
• Ambathizon [M0352347]
  
• Ambenonium Chloride [M0000853]
  A quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with actions similar to those of NEOSTIGMINE, but of longer duration. Ambenonium is given by mouth in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1112)
  
• Ambilar [M0353324]
  
• Amboclorin [M0372324]
  
• Ambril [M0451772]
  
• Ambro-Puren [M0451968]
  
• Ambrobeta [M0451969]
  
• Ambrofur [M0451970]
  
• Ambrolitic [M0451971]
  
• AMBROPP [M0451972]
  
• Ambroten [M0451770]
  
• Ambroxin [M0451978]
  
• Ambroxol [M0000855]
  A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.
  
• Ambush [M0056346]
  
• Amchafibrin [M0476861]
  
• Amebicides [M0000882]
  Agents which are destructive to amebae, especially the parasitic species causing AMEBIASIS in man and animal.
  
• Americaine [M0351623]
  
• Americium [M0000896]
  Americium. A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, atomic number 95, and atomic weight 243. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.
  
• Amicar [M0351469]
  
• Amidal [M0432514]
  
• Amidolacetate [M0351995]
  
• Amidonal [M0434049]
  
• Amidone [M0013545]
  
• Amidotricoic Acid [M0006227]
  
• Amidotrizoic Acid [M0006223]
  
• Amiduret Trom [M0432515]
  
• AMIF-72 [M0003103]
  
• Amifostine [M0007867]
  A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.
  
• Amifostine Disodium Salt [M0330364]
  
• Amifostine Monohydrate [M0330365]
  
• Amifostine Monohydrochloride [M0330363]
  
• Amiloberag [M0432516]
  
• Amiloride [M0000906]
  A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)
  
• Amiloride Hydrochloride [M0330756]
  
• Amiloride Hydrochloride, Anhydrous [M0330757]
  
• Aminacrine [M0000909]
  A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.
  
• Aminacrine Hydrochloride [M0000910]
  
• Aminazine [M0418365]
  
• Amines, Sympathomimetic [M0020946]
  
• Amineurin [M0433234]
  
• Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones [M0000915]
  Inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES and sulfhydryl group-containing enzymes. They act as alkylating agents and are known to interfere in the translation process.
  
• Aminoacetonitrile [M0000933]
  Cyanomethylamine.
  
• Aminoacridines [M0000935]
  Acridines which are substituted in any position by one or more amino groups or substituted amino groups.
  
• Aminobutyric Acid [M0000941]
  
• Aminocaproic Acids [M0000942]
  A group of compounds that are derivatives of aminohexanoic acids.
  
• Aminodur [M0432652]
  
• Aminoform [M0351276]
  
• Aminoglutethimide [M0000944]
  An aromatase inhibitor that produces a state of "medical" adrenalectomy by blocking the production of adrenal steroids. It also blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Aminoglutethimide has been used in the treatment of advanced breast and prostate cancer. It was formerly used for its weak anticonvulsant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p454)
  
• Aminohippurate Sodium [M0432631]
  
• Aminoimidazole Carboxamide [M0000949]
  An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.
  
• Aminolevulinic Acid [M0000951]
  A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.
  
• Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride [M0477089]
  
• Aminonucleoside [M0018176]
  
• Aminooxyacetate [M0000956]
  
• Aminooxyacetic Acid [M0000955]
  A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.
  
• Aminophyllin [M0432653]
  
• Aminophylline [M0000959]
  A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.
  
• Aminophylline DF [M0432654]
  
• Aminopropylaminoethylthiophosphate [M0007868]
  
• Aminopt [M0432519]
  
• Aminopterin [M0000962]
  A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.
  
• Aminopyrine [M0000965]
  A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.
  
• Aminorex [M0000968]
  An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension.
  
• Aminosalicylic Acid [M0000970]
  
• Aminosalicylic Acids [M0000971]
  A group of 2-hydroxybenzoic acids that can be substituted by amino groups at any of the 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-positions.
  
• Amiobeta [M0433209]
  
• Amiodarona [M0433211]
  
• Amiodarone [M0000973]
  An antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.
  
• Amiohexal [M0433212]
  
• Amipak [M0351943]
  
• Amitrip [M0433236]
  
• Amitriptylin beta [M0433251]
  
• Amitriptylin Desitin [M0433289]
  
• Amitriptylin RPh [M0433290]
  
• Amitriptylin-neuraxpharm [M0433291]
  
• Amitriptyline [M0000975]
  Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.
  
• Amitrol [M0433237]
  
• Amivalex [M0357387]
  
• Amixx [M0432296]
  
• Amizepine [M0354003]
  
• Amizyl [M0002302]
  
• Amlodipine [M0026284]
  A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.
  
• Amlodipine Besylate [M0373070]
  
• Amlodipine Maleate [M0329296]
  
• Amlodipine, (+-)-Isomer [M0329292]
  
• Amlodipine, (+-)-Isomer, Maleate (1:1) [M0329294]
  
• Amlodipine, (R)-Isomer [M0329293]
  
• Amlodipine, (S)-Isomer, Maleate (1:1) [M0329295]
  
• Ammonium Aurintricarboxylate [M0330823]
  
• Ammonium Chloride [M0000983]
  An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.
  
• Ammonium Succinate [M0029381]
  
• Amo Vitrax [M0357385]
  
• Amobarbital [M0001000]
  A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)
  
• Amobarbital Sodium [M0330770]
  
• Amodiaquine [M0001005]
  A 4-aminoquinoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.
  
• Amoxapine [M0001008]
  The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both. It also blocks dopamine receptors.
  
• Amphetamine [M0001012]
  A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
  
• Amphetamine Sulfate [M0331305]
  
• Amphiphilic Agents [M0020857]
  
• Amphojel [M0372284]
  
• Amprol [M0001032]
  
• Amprolium [M0001031]
  Veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with thiamine metabolism. It may cause thiamine deficiency.
  
• Ampyrone [M0001037]
  A metabolite of AMINOPYRINE with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used as a reagent for biochemical reactions producing peroxides or phenols. Ampyrone stimulates LIVER MICROSOMES and is also used to measure extracellular water.
  
• Amrinone [M0001038]
  A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.
  
• Amsacrine [M0001039]
  Aminoacridine derivative that is a potent intercalating antineoplastic agent. It is effective in the treatment of acute leukemias and malignant lymphomas, but has poor activity in the treatment of solid tumors. It is frequently used in combination with other antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy protocols. It produces consistent but acceptable myelosuppression and cardiotoxic effects.
  
• Amsal [M0433369]
  
• Amsidine [M0001042]
  
• Amsidyl [M0372296]
  
• Amuno [M0353728]
  
• Amvisc [M0010665]
  
• Amygdalin [M0001043]
  A cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of Rosaceae.
  
• Amyl Nitrite [M0001045]
  A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.
  
• Amylbarb sodium [M0433370]
  
• Amylobeta [M0433371]
  
• Amylomaize Starch [M0020433]
  
• Amylum [M0020436]
  
• Amytal [M0001003]
  
• Amytal Sodium [M0001004]
  
• AN-448 [M0353736]
  
• Anabolic Agents [M0450262]
  These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
  
• Anacin-3 [M0000118]
  
• Anadrol [M0350981]
  
• Anaesthesin [M0351622]
  
• Anafranil [M0004597]
  
• Anakinra [M0494869]
  A synthetic form of native human IL-1Ra that has an additional methionine residue at its amino terminus.
  
• Analeptics [M0001064]
  
• Analergine [M0001291]
  
• Analgesics [M0001067]
  Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
  
• Analgesics, Anti-Inflammatory [M0001334]
  
• Analgesics, Non-Narcotic [M0028038]
  Drugs that have principally analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions. They do not bind to opioid receptors and are not classified under the Controlled Substances Act. (From Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p109)
  
• Analgesics, Opioid [M0001068]
  Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
  
• Analgin [M0390943]
  
• Ananase [M0002935]
  
• Anapolon 50 [M0350982]
  
• Anaprilin [M0350583]
  
• Anaprotin [M0433951]
  
• Anaprox [M0014468]
  
• Anapsique [M0433238]
  
• Anaspaz [M0001930]
  
• Anatoxins [M0021728]
  
• Anavar [M0350975]
  
• Ancitabine [M0005461]
  Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.
  
• Ancobon [M0376290]
  
• Ancrod [M0001092]
  An enzyme fraction from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a number of amino acid esters and a limited proteolysis of fibrinogen. It is used clinically to produce controlled defibrination in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy. EC 3.4.21.-.
  
• Andiamine [M0010323]
  
• Andractim [M0433952]
  
• Androcur [M0026385]
  
• Androderm [M0476208]
  
• AndroGel [M0476209]
  
• Androgen Antagonists [M0001103]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.
  
• Androgens [M0001106]
  Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
  
• Androgens, Synthetic [M0001107]
  
• Android [M0474266]
  
• Android-10 [M0350999]
  
• Android-25 [M0350998]
  
• Android-5 [M0351000]
  
• Android-F [M0350995]
  
• Andropatch [M0476210]
  
• Androstenediol [M0023251]
  An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).
  
• Androtop [M0476211]
  
• Anecotan [M0351784]
  
• Anectine [M0351531]
  
• Anesthetic Gases [M0027997]
  
• Anesthetics [M0001167]
  Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.
  
• Anesthetics, Combined [M0028568]
  The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.
  
• Anesthetics, Dissociative [M0001168]
  Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
  
• Anesthetics, General [M0027992]
  Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)
  
• Anesthetics, Inhalation [M0027998]
  Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)
  
• Anesthetics, Intravenous [M0027999]
  Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)
  
• Anesthetics, Local [M0001169]
  Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
  
• Anethole Trithione [M0001171]
  Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.
  
• Angifonil [M0478046]
  
• Anginin [M0352574]
  
• Anginine [M0009431]
  
• Angiogenesis Inducing Agents [M0443878]
  Agents that induce or stimulate the PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS process. This is caused by a number of ANGIOGENIC PROTEINS.
  
• Angiogenesis Inhibitors [M0328153]
  Agents and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels.
  
• Angiogenesis Modulating Agents [M0443876]
  Agents that modulate the PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS process. This is accomplished by endogenous ANGIOGENIC PROTEINS and a variety of other chemicals and pharmaceutical agents.
  
• Angiografin [M0350710]
  
• Angionorm [M0485097]
  
• Angiostatins [M0238172]
  Circulating 38-kDa proteins that are internal peptide fragments of PLASMINOGEN. The name derives from the fact that they are potent ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS. Angiostatins contain four KRINGLE DOMAINS which are associated with their potent angiostatic activity.
  
• Angiotensin Amide [M0001200]
  The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.
  
• Angiotensin II [M0001202]
  The active form of angiotensin. An octapeptide found in blood, it is synthesized from ANGIOTENSIN I and quickly destroyed. Angiotensin II causes profound vasoconstriction with a resulting increase in blood pressure. It differs among species by the amino acid in position 5. The human form has ISOLEUCINE in this position. The clinically and experimentally used bovine form has VALINE in position 5. Medically useful antagonism is obtained with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.
  
• Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers [M0456879]
  Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS.
  
• Angiotensin II, Ile(5)- [M0055996]
  
• Angiotensin II, Val(5)- [M0001205]
  
• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors [M0001207]
  A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.
  
• Angiotensins [M0001210]
  Oligopeptides ranging in size from angiotensin precursors with 14 amino acids to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II with 8 amino acids, or their analogs or derivatives. The amino acid content varies with the species and changes in that content produce antagonistic or inactive compounds.
  
• Angioxine [M0352573]
  
• Anhydrous Tacrolimus [M0329463]
  
• Anhydrous Zinc Acetate [M0331306]
  
• Aniline Mustard [M0001217]
  Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent.
  
• Anion Exchange Resins [M0001247]
  High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.
  
• Anistreplase [M0024829]
  An acylated inactive complex of streptokinase and human lysine-plasminogen. After injection, the acyl group is slowly hydrolyzed, producing an activator that converts plasminogen to plasmin, thereby initiating fibrinolysis. Its half-life is about 90 minutes compared to 5 minutes for TPA; (TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR); 16 minutes for URINARY PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR and 23 minutes for STREPTOKINASE. If treatment is initiated within 3 hours of onset of symptoms for acute myocardial infarction, the drug preserves myocardial tissue and left ventricular function and increases coronary artery patency. Bleeding complications are similar to other thrombolytic agents.
  
• Anodynin [M0372299]
  
• Anorex [M0432369]
  
• ANP-3624 [M0351758]
  
• Anquil [M0459374]
  
• Ansaid [M0351587]
  
• Antabus [M0485243]
  
• Antabuse [M0006601]
  
• Antacids [M0001289]
  Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
  
• Antalon [M0474773]
  
• Antara Micronized Procetofen [M0479287]
  
• Antasten [M0353206]
  
• Antaxone [M0462923]
  
• Antazoline [M0001292]
  An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.
  
• Antazoline Hydrochloride [M0330778]
  
• Antazoline Phosphate [M0001293]
  
• Antazoline Phosphate (1:1) [M0330777]
  
• Ant�bor [M0475856]
  
• Antelepsin [M0004602]
  
• Anteovin [M0351263]
  
• Antepsin [M0020718]
  
• Antergan [M0005518]
  
• Anthelmintics [M0001301]
  Agents destructive to parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIASIS in man and animal.
  
• Anthisan [M0473996]
  
• Anthraforte [M0484996]
  
• Anthralin [M0001305]
  An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.
  
• Anthrax Vaccines [M0356664]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.
  
• Anthrogon [M0329002]
  
• Anti-Allergic Agents [M0028295]
  Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)
  
• Anti-Anxiety Agents [M0021771]
  Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. Some are also effective as anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, or anesthesia adjuvants. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.
  
• Anti-Arrhythmia Agents [M0001326]
  Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.
  
• Anti-Asthmatic Agents [M0028296]
  Drugs that are used to treat asthma.
  
• Anti-Dyskinesia Agents [M0028056]
  Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders. Most of these act centrally on dopaminergic or cholinergic systems. Among the most important clinically are those used for the treatment of Parkinson disease (ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS) and those for the tardive dyskinesias.
  
• Anti-HIV Agents [M0028839]
  Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
  
• Anti-Infective Agents [M0001329]
  Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.
  
• Anti-Infective Agents, Local [M0001330]
  Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.
  
• Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary [M0001331]
  Substances capable of killing agents causing urinary tract infections or of preventing them from spreading.
  
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents [M0001333]
  Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.
  
• Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal [M0001335]
  Anti-inflammatory agents that are not steroids. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They are used primarily in the treatment of chronic arthritic conditions and certain soft tissue disorders associated with pain and inflammation. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects. Certain NSAIDs also may inhibit lipoxygenase enzymes or phospholipase C or may modulate T-cell function. (AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p 1814-5)
  
• Anti-Obesity Agents [M0028922]
  Agents that increase energy expenditure and weight loss by neural and chemical regulation. Beta-adrenergic agents and serotoninergic drugs have been experimentally used in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to treat obesity.
  
• Anti-Retroviral Agents [M0446823]
  Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.
  
• Anti-Rheumatic Agents, Non-Steroidal [M0001336]
  
• Anti-Ulcer Agents [M0001340]
  Various agents with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate PEPTIC ULCER or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. This has included ANTIBIOTICS to treat HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS; HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS to reduce GASTRIC ACID secretion; and ANTACIDS for symptomatic relief.
  
• Anti-Worm [M0474729]
  
• Antibiotic X 5108 [M0351803]
  
• Antibiotics, Antineoplastic [M0001348]
  Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.
  
• Antibiotics, Cytotoxic [M0001349]
  
• Antibodies, Bispecific [M0027219]
  Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.
  
• Anticarcinogenic Agents [M0025302]
  Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved. They differ from antineoplastic agents in that they prevent neoplasms from forming. The anticarcinogenic substances can be divided into three categories. The first consists of compounds that prevent the formation of carcinogens from precursor substances. The second group consists of "blocking agents" which inhibit carcinogenesis by preventing carcinogenic agents from reaching or reacting with critical target sites in the tissues. The third group is the "suppressor agents" which act by suppression of expression of neoplasia in cells previously exposed to carcinogens that would otherwise cause neoplasms.
  
• Anticestodal Agents [M0001376]
  Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals.
  
• Anticholesteremic Agents [M0001378]
  Substances used to lower plasma cholesterol levels.
  
• Anticholinergic Agents [M0027990]
  
• Anticoagulants [M0001380]
  Agents that prevent blood clotting. Naturally occurring agents in the blood are included only when they are used as drugs.
  
• Anticoccid [M0372290]
  
• Anticoccidial Agents [M0004680]
  
• Anticol [M0006603]
  
• Anticonvulsants [M0001382]
  Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.
  
• Antidepressive Agents [M0001384]
  Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.
  
• Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation [M0028000]
  A structurally and mechanistically diverse group of drugs that are not tricyclics or monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The most clinically important appear to act selectively on serotonergic systems, especially by inhibiting serotonin reuptake.
  
• Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic [M0001387]
  Substances that contain a fused three-ring moiety and are used in the treatment of depression. These drugs block the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into axon terminals and may block some subtypes of serotonin, adrenergic, and histamine receptors. However the mechanism of their antidepressant effects is not clear because the therapeutic effects usually take weeks to develop and may reflect compensatory changes in the central nervous system.
  
• Antidiabetics [M0010902]
  
• Antidiarrheals [M0001388]
  Miscellaneous agents found useful in the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea. They have no effect on the agent(s) that cause diarrhea, but merely alleviate the condition.
  
• Antidiuretic Agents [M0472145]
  Agents that reduce the excretion of URINE, most notably the octapeptide VASOPRESSINS.
  
• Antidotes [M0001390]
  Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.
  
• Antiemetics [M0001391]
  Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING. Antiemetics act by a wide range of mechanisms. Some act on the medullary control centers (the vomiting center and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) while others affect the peripheral receptors.
  
• Antiepileptic Agents [M0001383]
  
• Antifibrillatory Agents [M0001327]
  
• Antifibrinolytic Agents [M0001393]
  Agents that prevent fibrinolysis or lysis of a blood clot or thrombus. Several endogenous antiplasmins are known. The drugs are used to control massive hemorrhage and in other coagulation disorders.
  
• Antiflatulents [M0001395]
  
• Antiformin [M0020108]
  
• Antifungal Agents [M0001399]
  Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
  
• Antigens, Synthetic [M0022458]
  
• Antihemorrhagics [M0010184]
  
• Antiherpes Creme [M0448594]
  
• Antihistamines [M0010394]
  
• Antihistaminico Llorens [M0478190]
  
• Antihypertensive Agents [M0001456]
  Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.
  
• Antihyperuricemics [M0009559]
  
• Antilipemic Agents [M0001457]
  Substances used to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.
  
• Antilymphoblast Globulins [M0001460]
  
• Antilymphocyte Globulin [M0001462]
  
• Antilymphocyte Immunoglobulin [M0001463]
  
• Antilymphocyte Serum [M0001464]
  Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS. It is used both as a test for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY and therapeutically in TRANSPLANTATION.
  
• Antilysin [M0011907]
  
• Antimalarials [M0001469]
  Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)
  
• Antimanic Agents [M0028007]
  Agents that are used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders.
  
• Antimetabolites [M0001470]
  Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)
  
• Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic [M0001471]
  Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.
  
• Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides [M0093656]
  Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins.
  
• Antimicrobial Peptides, Neutrophil [M0093647]
  
• Antiminth [M0353427]
  
• Antimitotic Agents [M0001482]
  Agents that arrest cells in MITOSIS, most notably TUBULIN MODULATORS.
  
• Antimony Gluconic Acid [M0001474]
  
• Antimony Potassium Tartrate [M0001473]
  A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.
  
• Antimony Sodium Gluconate [M0001475]
  Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.
  
• Antimony Sodium Gluconates [M0001477]
  
• Antinematodal Agents [M0001481]
  Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.
  
• Antineoplastic Agents [M0001483]
  Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.
  
• Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating [M0028268]
  A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026)
  
• Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal [M0028300]
  Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)
  
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic [M0001486]
  Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.
  
• Antioxidants [M0001491]
  Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
  
• Antipain [M0001492]
  An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor.
  
• Antiparasitic Agents [M0001493]
  Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
  
• Antiparkinson Agents [M0001494]
  Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.
  
• Antiperistaltic Agents [M0001389]
  
• Antiphlogistine Rub A-535 Capsaicin [M0467305]
  
• Antiplasmin [M0001495]
  A member of the serpin superfamily found in human plasma that inhibits the lysis of fibrin clots which are induced by plasminogen activator. It is a glycoprotein, molecular weight approximately 70,000 that migrates in the alpha 2 region in immunoelectrophoresis. It is the principal plasmin inactivator in blood, rapidly forming a very stable complex with plasmin.
  
• Antiplatelet Agents [M0017015]
  
• Antiplatyhelmintic Agents [M0001496]
  Agents used to treat cestode, trematode, or other flatworm infestations in man or animals.
  
• Antiprotozoal Agents [M0001497]
  Substances that are destructive to protozoans.
  
• Antipruritics [M0001498]
  Agents, usually topical, that relieve itching (pruritus).
  
• Antipsychotic Agents [M0021770]
  Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in schizophrenia, senile dementia, transient psychosis following surgery or myocardial infarction, etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.
  
• Antipyretics [M0028037]
  
• Antipyrine [M0001499]
  An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29)
  
• Antirheumatic Agents [M0027742]
  Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
  
• Antirheumatic Drugs, Disease-Modifying [M0027743]
  
• Antisacer [M0353224]
  
• Antischistosomal Agents [M0019487]
  
• Antiseptics, Urinary [M0001332]
  
• Antisickling Agents [M0001501]
  Agents used to prevent or reverse the pathological events leading to sickling of erythrocytes in sickle cell conditions.
  
• Antispasmodics [M0015924]
  
• Antispermatogenic Agents [M0001505]
  Agents, either mechanical or chemical, which destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spermatogenesis.
  
• Antistenocardin [M0374378]
  
• Antistine [M0353207]
  
• Antisyphilitic Agents [M0001513]
  
• Antithrombin III-Alpha [M0434010]
  
• Antithrombins [M0001510]
  An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of thrombin. Six naturally occurring antithrombins have been identified and are designated by Roman numerals I to VI. Of these, Antithrombin I (see FIBRIN) and ANTITHROMBIN III appear to be of major importance.
  
• Antithrombotic Agents [M0496901]
  
• Antithymoglobulin [M0001465]
  
• Antithyroid Agents [M0021475]
  Agents that are used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones.
  
• Antitoxins [M0001511]
  Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.
  
• Antitreponemal Agents [M0001512]
  Agents used to treat infections with bacteria of the genus TREPONEMA. This includes SYPHILIS & YAWS.
  
• Antitrichomonal Agents [M0001514]
  Agents used to treat trichomonas infections.
  
• Antitubercular Agents [M0001515]
  Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.
  
• Antitussive Agents [M0001516]
  Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.
  
• Antivenins [M0001517]
  Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.
  
• Antivert [M0473869]
  
• Antiviral Agents [M0001518]
  Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
  
• Antril [M0148640]
  
• Anturane [M0020777]
  
• Anuject [M0017611]
  
• Anvitoff [M0476862]
  
• Anxut [M0465825]
  
• Anxyrex [M0477431]
  
• Anzatax [M0474878]
  
• Ap-La-Day [M0474412]
  
• Aparsonin [M0463241]
  
• Apaurin [M0006234]
  
• Apazone [M0001566]
  An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.
  
• Apazone Dihydrate [M0330783]
  
• Aphidicolin [M0025305]
  An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.
  
• Aphidicolin, (3-S-(3alpha,4beta,4abeta,6aalpha,8alpha,9alpha,11aalpha,11balpha)) [M0329464]
  
• Aphrodyne [M0476585]
  
• Apigenin [M0357150]
  5,7,4'-trihydroxy-flavone, one of the FLAVONES.
  
• Apimid [M0482787]
  
• Apir Levulosa [M0482956]
  
• Apirachol [M0021612]
  
• Apo-Acebutolol [M0431313]
  
• Apo-Acetazolamide [M0431670]
  
• Apo-Alpraz [M0432030]
  
• Apo-Amitriptyline [M0433239]
  
• Apo-Baclofen [M0454555]
  
• Apo-Beclomethasone [M0473523]
  
• Apo-Benztropine [M0459460]
  
• Apo-Bisacodyl [M0477365]
  
• Apo-Bromazepam [M0477432]
  
• Apo-Buspirone [M0465826]
  
• Apo-Butorphanol [M0466374]
  
• Apo-Chlorpropamide [M0478304]
  
• Apo-Desipramine [M0485025]
  
• Apo-Desmopressin [M0492527]
  
• Apo-Diflunisal [M0485069]
  
• Apo-Dimenhydrinate [M0485122]
  
• Apo-Dipyridamole [M0485237]
  
• Apo-Domperidone [M0492509]
  
• Apo-Doxazosin [M0485270]
  
• Apo-Doxepin [M0485390]
  
• Apo-Feno-Micro [M0478143]
  
• Apo-Fluconazole [M0478551]
  
• Apo-Flurazepam [M0478659]
  
• Apo-Flurbiprofen [M0478660]
  
• Apo-Flutamide [M0482788]
  
• Apo-Gemfibrozil [M0482980]
  
• Apo-Labetalol [M0463249]
  
• Apo-Levobunolol [M0463366]
  
• Apo-Lorazepam [M0464799]
  
• Apo-Mefenamic [M0473887]
  
• Apo-Megestrol [M0473931]
  
• Apo-Methyldopa [M0474247]
  
• Apo-Minocycline [M0474858]
  
• Apo-Misoprostol [M0474345]
  
• Apo-Moclobemide [M0474399]
  
• Apo-Nortriptyline [M0464774]
  
• Apo-Pravastatin [M0475483]
  
• Apo-Prednisone [M0475828]
  
• Apo-Primidone [M0475723]
  
• Apo-Procainamide [M0475875]
  
• Apo-Propafenone [M0475997]
  
• Apo-Quinidine [M0474991]
  
• Apo-Sertraline [M0475545]
  
• Apo-Sulfinpyrazone [M0475942]
  
• Apo-Sulin [M0476024]
  
• Apo-Temazepam [M0476077]
  
• Apo-Tolbutamide [M0476639]
  
• Apo-Trazodone [M0476869]
  
• Apo-Triazo [M0476882]
  
• Apo-Warfarin [M0476574]
  
• Apokinon [M0434030]
  
• Apomorphin-Teclapharm [M0434031]
  
• Apomorphine [M0001603]
  A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.
  
• Apomorphine Chloride [M0001604]
  
• Apomorphine Hydrochloride, Anhydrous [M0331310]
  
• Apomorphine Hydrochloride, Hemihydrate [M0331311]
  
• Aponal [M0485389]
  
• Appetite Depressants [M0001614]
  Agents that are used to decrease appetite.
  
• Appetite Stimulants [M0028571]
  Agents that are used to stimulate appetite. These drugs are frequently used to treat anorexia associated with cancer and AIDS.
  
• Apressoline [M0010679]
  
• Aprindine [M0001626]
  A cardiac depressant used in arrhythmias.
  
• Aprinox [M0459368]
  
• Aprotinin [M0011905]
  A single-chain polypeptide derived from bovine tissues consisting of 58 amino-acid residues. It is an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes including CHYMOTRYPSIN; KALLIKREIN; PLASMIN; and TRYPSIN. It is used in the treatment of HEMORRHAGE associated with raised plasma concentrations of plasmin. It is also used to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients at high risk of major blood loss during and following open heart surgery with EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
  
• Apstil [M0485065]
  
• Aptin [M0432071]
  
• Aptina [M0432072]
  
• Aptine [M0432070]
  
• Apulonga [M0451798]
  
• Apurin [M0451799]
  
• AQ-110 [M0021883]
  
• AQL-208 [M0021884]
  
• Aquafol [M0476032]
  
• Aquamephyton [M0373150]
  
• Aquaphyllin [M0353812]
  
• Aquaplast [M0357365]
  
• Aquareduct [M0475746]
  
• Aquasept [M0476889]
  
• Ara-C [M0369310]
  
• Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate [M0001640]
  A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.
  
• Aracytine [M0369309]
  
• Aralen [M0004184]
  
• Aramine [M0013527]
  
• Araminol [M0350573]
  
• Aratac [M0433213]
  
• Arbacet [M0351563]
  
• Arbaprostil [M0001657]
  A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and can inhibit the growth of experimental tumors.
  
• Arbutin [M0001660]
  
• Ardeydorm [M0477040]
  
• Ardinex [M0354266]
  
• Arduan [M0026261]
  
• Arecoline [M0001674]
  An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.
  
• Aremis [M0475546]
  
• Arequin [M0004181]
  
• Arestin [M0474859]
  
• Arginine Vasopressin [M0001691]
  The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked CYSTEINES at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.
  
• Argipressin Tannate [M0001692]
  
• Arima [M0474400]
  
• Aristamid Augensalbe [M0475945]
  
• Aristamid Augentropfen [M0475947]
  
• Aristocort [M0021895]
  
• Arithmin [M0434009]
  
• Aritmina [M0431777]
  
• Arlidin [M0015130]
  
• Armin [M0001703]
  A reversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It also affects the presynaptic membrane and inhibits membrane postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. The compound had former use as a miotic.
  
• Arminol [M0475976]
  
• Armophylline [M0353813]
  
• Arolac [M0463973]
  
• Aromatase Inhibitors [M0456327]
  Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.
  
• Aropax [M0363571]
  
• Arpicolin [M0475951]
  
• Arsanilic Acid [M0001717]
  An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.
  
• Arsenamide [M0001720]
  Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas.
  
• Arsobal [M0352108]
  
• Arsphenamine [M0001725]
  
• Artane [M0021973]
  
• Arterenol [M0014966]
  
• Arthrobid [M0350601]
  
• Arthrodont [M0485374]
  
• Artificial Hemoglobin [M0002719]
  
• Artocoron [M0462784]
  
• Artosin [M0476640]
  
• Arubendol [M0476169]
  
• Arufil [M0475326]
  
• Arvin [M0001094]
  
• Arvin IRC-50 [M0001093]
  
• Asacol [M0029389]
  
• Asacolon [M0474818]
  
• Ascolitin [M0474817]
  
• Ascorbic Acid [M0001797]
  A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
  
• Asendin [M0354081]
  
• Asepsol [M0002320]
  
• Asmabec Clickhaler [M0473527]
  
• Asparaginase [M0001815]
  A hydrolase enzyme that converts L-asparagine and water to L-aspartate and NH3. EC 3.5.1.1.
  
• Asparaginase medac [M0434509]
  
• Aspergillin [M0009276]
  
• Aspirin [M0001864]
  The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)
  
• Aspirin-Like Agents [M0001337]
  
• Asta C 4898 [M0006430]
  
• Asta Z 4942 [M0351954]
  
• ASTA-D 7093 [M0332065]
  
• Astatine [M0001882]
  Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
  
• Astemina [M0434734]
  
• Astemizol Alonga [M0434735]
  
• Astemizol ratiopharm [M0434736]
  
• Astemizole [M0025303]
  A long-acting, non-sedative antihistaminic used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria. The drug is well tolerated and has no anticholinergic side effects.
  
• Astesen [M0434737]
  
• Asthmoprotect [M0476170]
  
• Astmopent [M0015384]
  
• Astonin [M0478575]
  
• Astra 2045 [M0373883]
  
• Astringents [M0001889]
  Agents, usually topical, that cause the contraction of tissues for the control of bleeding or secretions.
  
• Astudal [M0433349]
  
• Astyl [M0485008]
  
• Asuntol [M0352168]
  
• AT 10 [M0006418]
  
• AT III [M0434011]
  
• AT-2266 [M0353773]
  
• Atarax [M0010796]
  
• Atenativ [M0434012]
  
• Atenolol [M0001900]
  A cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.
  
• Atheroid [M0010192]
  
• Athromidin [M0351464]
  
• Atisuril [M0451870]
  
• Ativan [M0012697]
  
• Atosil [M0017711]
  
• Atovaquone [M0173858]
  A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.
  
• Atoxyl [M0001718]
  
• Atracurium [M0001922]
  A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.
  
• Atracurium Besylate [M0330821]
  
• Atrenyl [M0351181]
  
• Atriphos [M0372280]
  
• Atrocholin [M0485011]
  
• Atrofen [M0454554]
  
• Atromid [M0004583]
  
• AtroPen [M0440417]
  
• Atropin Augen�l [M0440418]
  
• Atropine [M0001931]
  An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE.
  
• Atropine Sulfate [M0001935]
  
• Atropine Sulfate, 3(S)-endo-Isomer [M0331323]
  
• Atropine, 3(S)-endo-Isomer [M0331322]
  
• Atropinol [M0440419]
  
• Atrovent [M0014401]
  
• Atsefen [M0351754]
  
• Auramine O [M0351188]
  
• Auranofin [M0001971]
  An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.
  
• Aureotan [M0440879]
  
• Aurintricarboxylate [M0001975]
  
• Aurintricarboxylic Acid [M0001974]
  A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.
  
• Aurintricarboxylic Acid, Calcium (1:3) Salt [M0330825]
  
• Aurintricarboxylic Acid, Calcium (2:3) Salt [M0330824]
  
• Aurintricarboxylic Acid, Trisodium Salt [M0330822]
  
• Aurodox [M0001343]
  Antibiotic obtained from a Streptomyces variant considered as possibly effective against Streptococcus pyogenes infections. It may promote growth in poultry.
  
• Aurolate [M0475556]
  
• Auromyose [M0440880]
  
• Aurorix [M0106136]
  
• Aurothioglucose [M0009526]
  A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals.
  
• Aurothioglucose, beta-D Isomer [M0330217]
  
• Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer [M0330218]
  
• Aurothiomalate [M0009528]
  
• Ausgem [M0482981]
  
• Autonomic Agents [M0002007]
  Agents affecting the function of, or mimicking the actions of, the autonomic nervous system and thereby having an effect on such processes as respiration, circulation, digestion, body temperature regulation, certain endocrine gland secretions, etc.
  
• Auxison [M0351476]
  
• Avatec [M0012242]
  
• Avazyme [M0478342]
  
• Avelizin [M0020583]
  
• Aventyl [M0464773]
  
• Avigilen [M0474894]
  
• Avil [M0369515]
  
• Aviomarin [M0351202]
  
• Avipron [M0004196]
  
• Avirax [M0449387]
  
• Avlocardyl [M0350579]
  
• Avlosulfone [M0372340]
  
• Awelysin [M0020584]
  
• Axid [M0025274]
  
• Axonyl [M0474895]
  
• Axsain [M0467306]
  
• Axura [M0474758]
  
• AY-20694 [M0017775]
  
• AY-23,028 [M0350541]
  
• AY-24,236 [M0352534]
  
• AY-25650 [M0337461]
  
• AY-9944 [M0464445]
  
• Azacitidine [M0002060]
  A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.
  
• Azacosterol [M0002057]
  Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol.
  
• Azaguanine [M0002061]
  One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.
  
• Azaperone [M0002062]
  A butyrophenone used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.
  
• Azaron [M0476925]
  
• Azathioprine [M0002065]
  An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Azathioprine Sodium Salt [M0331325]
  
• Azathioprine Sulfate [M0331324]
  
• Azauridine [M0002068]
  A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.
  
• Azmacort [M0021899]
  
• Azo-Dine [M0474749]
  
• Azo-Gesic [M0474750]
  
• Azo-Natural [M0474751]
  
• Azo-Standard [M0474752]
  
• Azol [M0485004]
  
• Azophenylarsonate [M0015723]
  
• Azubronchin [M0445744]
  
• Azufibrat [M0460238]
  
• Azulfidine [M0019367]
  
• Azunaftil [M0462785]
  
• B-518 [M0369305]
  
• B-663 [M0354093]
  
• B.A.L. [M0485228]
  
• B10-9359 [M0351973]
  
• Ba 2756 [M0353205]
  
• Ba-34,276 [M0013022]
  
• Ba-34,647 [M0351459]
  
• Baclofen [M0002117]
  A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist at GABA-B receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-B). It is used in the treatment of spasticity, especially that due to spinal cord damage. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.
  
• Baclofen AWD [M0454556]
  
• Baclof�ne-Irex [M0454553]
  
• Baclospas [M0454552]
  
• Bacterial Vaccines [M0002132]
  Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.
  
• Bactidol [M0449826]
  
• Bactifor [M0024005]
  
• Bactrim [M0024003]
  
• BAL in Oil [M0485227]
  
• Balkis Saft Spezial [M0476191]
  
• Balminil [M0463336]
  
• Banminth [M0361644]
  
• Bantenol [M0474730]
  
• Banworm [M0474731]
  
• Barbamyl [M0001001]
  
• Barbital [M0002175]
  A long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. It is used as a hypnotic and sedative and may induce dependence. Barbital is also used in veterinary practice for central nervous system depression.
  
• Baridium [M0474753]
  
• Basodexan [M0373263]
  
• Batel [M0460098]
  
• Baxarytmon [M0017735]
  
• Bay 3504 [M0351812]
  
• Bay b 5097 [M0353209]
  
• Bay e 5009 [M0373560]
  
• Bay e 9736 [M0332201]
  
• Bay G 2821 [M0373557]
  
• Bay g 5421 [M0070909]
  
• Bay K 5552 [M0373900]
  
• Bay n 5595 [M0353401]
  
• Bay-09867 [M0353988]
  
• Bay-1040 [M0369481]
  
• BAY-a-1040 [M0369480]
  
• Bay-K-8644 [M0464447]
  
• Bay-K-8644, (+)-Isomer [M0330830]
  
• Bay-K-8644, (+-)-Isomer [M0330828]
  
• Bay-K-8644, (-)-Isomer [M0330829]
  
• Bay-R-5417 [M0002233]
  
• BAY-Va 1470 [M0023072]
  
• Bayer 2353 [M0350861]
  
• Bayer 2502 [M0352067]
  
• Bayer 3625 [M0351845]
  
• Bayer 5360 [M0352077]
  
• Bayer 70143 [M0351485]
  
• Bayer 73 [M0014829]
  
• Bayer 9015 [M0351844]
  
• Bayluscide [M0014830]
  
• Baypresol [M0463338]
  
• Baypress [M0463337]
  
• BC-105 [M0353424]
  
• BC-2627 [M0352884]
  
• BCG Vaccine [M0002239]
  An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.
  
• BCH-189 [M0028683]
  
• B�agyne [M0478552]
  
• Becaptan [M0351203]
  
• Beclamet [M0002262]
  
• Beclo Asma [M0473525]
  
• Beclo AZU [M0473524]
  
• Beclocort [M0002261]
  
• Beclomet [M0473588]
  
• Beclomethasone [M0002258]
  An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.
  
• Beclomethasone Dipropionate [M0002259]
  
• Beclorhinol [M0473674]
  
• Beclovent [M0473587]
  
• Beconase [M0002260]
  
• Beconase AQ [M0473586]
  
• Befibrat [M0460239]
  
• Beforal [M0352885]
  
• Bekunis Bisacodyl [M0477366]
  
• BellaCarotin [M0459878]
  
• Beloc-Duriles [M0350815]
  
• Belustine [M0012678]
  
• Bemecor [M0351159]
  
• Bemegride [M0002301]
  A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.
  
• Benactyzine [M0002303]
  A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.
  
• Benadryl [M0369591]
  
• Bencyclane [M0002307]
  A vasodilator agent found to be effective in a variety of peripheral circulation disorders. It has various other potentially useful pharmacological effects. Its mechanism may involve block of calcium channels.
  
• Bencyclane Fumarate [M0002308]
  
• Bendapar [M0431890]
  
• Bendroflumethiazide [M0002310]
  A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810)
  
• Benecid [M0475732]
  
• Benemid [M0017602]
  
• Benodain [M0373152]
  
• Benperidol [M0002314]
  A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)
  
• Benperidol-neuraxpharm [M0459376]
  
• Benserazide [M0002315]
  An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.
  
• Bensylate [M0459461]
  
• Bentonite [M0002317]
  A colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate that swells 12 times its dry size when added to water.
  
• Bentyl [M0006317]
  
• Bentylol [M0477659]
  
• Benylin [M0006510]
  
• Benzalkonium [M0002321]
  
• Benzalkonium Chloride [M0002322]
  
• Benzalkonium Compounds [M0002323]
  A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.
  
• Benzatropine Methanesulfonate [M0045522]
  
• Benzatropine Methanesulfonate, Hydrobromide [M0308582]
  
• Benzatropine Methanesulfonate, Hydrobromide, (endo)-Isomer [M0308581]
  
• Benzatropine Methanesulfonate, Hydrochloride, (endo)-Isomer [M0308580]
  
• Benzbromaron AL [M0459469]
  
• Benzbromaron-ratiopharm [M0459468]
  
• Benzbromarone [M0002331]
  Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.
  
• Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibr [M0003118]
  Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.
  
• Benzethonium [M0002337]
  Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.
  
• Benzethonium Chloride [M0002339]
  
• Benzetimide [M0006101]
  
• Benzide [M0459369]
  
• Benzocaine [M0002353]
  A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and at nerve endings.
  
• Benzocaine Acetate [M0330837]
  
• Benzocaine Formate [M0330836]
  
• Benzocaine Hydrobromide [M0330833]
  
• Benzocaine Hydrochloride [M0330835]
  
• Benzocaine Methanesulfonate [M0330834]
  
• Benzodiazepines [M0002356]
  A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. Permitted is any degree of hydrogenation, any substituents and any H-isomer.
  
• Benzoflavones [M0002358]
  Organic compounds containing a benzene ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of nucleic acids to benzopyrenes and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
  
• Benzoic Acid [M0029415]
  A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
  
• Benzoic Acids [M0029896]
  Acids, salts, and derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.
  
• Benzolamide [M0002362]
  Selective renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It may also be of use in certain cases of respiratory failure.
  
• Benzomorphan [M0002364]
  
• Benzophenoneidum [M0002365]
  An aniline dye used as a disinfectant and an antiseptic agent. It is weakly fluorescing and binds specifically to certain proteins.
  
• Benzoyl Peroxide [M0002375]
  A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.
  
• Benzphetamine [M0002381]
  A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222)
  
• Benztropine [M0002383]
  A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.
  
• Benzydamine [M0002384]
  A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.
  
• Benzydamine Hydrochloride [M0330843]
  
• Bepadin [M0024154]
  
• Bepridil [M0024153]
  A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.
  
• Bepridil Monohydrochloride [M0329449]
  
• Bepridil Monohydrochloride, alpha-Isomer [M0329448]
  
• Bepridil Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate [M0329450]
  
• Bepridil, (+)-Isomer [M0329445]
  
• Bepridil, (+-)-Isomer [M0329451]
  
• Bepridil, (-)-Isomer [M0329446]
  
• Bepridil, alpha-Isomer [M0329447]
  
• Berberine [M0002396]
  An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal.
  
• Beriplast [M0373275]
  
• Berkozide [M0459370]
  
• Berlthyrox [M0463497]
  
• Berolase [M0373249]
  
• Berotek [M0008336]
  
• Besuric [M0459467]
  
• beta Carotene [M0028611]
  A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)
  
• beta,gamma-Thrombin [M0021421]
  
• beta-1 Interferon [M0025714]
  
• beta-Acetyldigoxin [M0000184]
  
• beta-Acetyldigoxin-ratiopharm [M0431729]
  
• beta-Alanine Hydrochloride [M0329505]
  
• beta-Alanine, Calcium Salt (2:1) [M0329503]
  
• beta-Alanine, Monopotassium Salt [M0329504]
  
• beta-Alanine, Monosodium Salt [M0329502]
  
• beta-all-trans-Retinoic Acid [M0021880]
  
• beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea [M0330729]
  A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Diacetate [M0330732]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Dihydrobromide [M0000518]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Dihydrochloride [M0330736]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Dihydroiodide [M0330734]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Diperchlorate [M0330733]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Monohydrobromide [M0330731]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Phosphate (1:1) [M0330735]
  
• beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Sulfate (1:1) [M0330730]
  
• beta-Ara C [M0369308]
  
• beta-Chloralose [M0004116]
  
• beta-Defensins [M0360490]
  DEFENSINS found mainly in epithelial cells.
  
• beta-Escin [M0007734]
  
• beta-Mercaptopropionate [M0023221]
  
• beta-MSH [M0328127]
  An 18-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of gamma-lipotropin which is the N-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. Beta-MSH is shown to regulate skin pigmentation, steroid production, and feeding.
  
• beta-Naphthoflavone [M0028772]
  A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308)
  
• beta-Thrombin [M0021422]
  
• beta-Tocopherol [M0022800]
  A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than alpha-tocopherol. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.
  
• Betadine [M0017405]
  
• Betadren [M0350582]
  
• Betadrenol [M0003052]
  
• Betagan [M0003036]
  
• Betahistin AL [M0477350]
  
• Betahistin Stada [M0477351]
  
• Betahistin-ratiopharm [M0477352]
  
• Betahistine [M0002430]
  A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in Meniere's disease and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.
  
• Betahistine Dihydrobromide [M0330846]
  
• Betahistine Hydrochloride [M0330845]
  
• Betahistine Mesylate [M0330844]
  
• Betaine [M0002435]
  A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)
  
• Betaine Hydrochloride [M0002436]
  
• Betaisodona [M0017406]
  
• Betaloc-Astra [M0013687]
  
• Betalok [M0350814]
  
• Betamethasone [M0002437]
  A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)
  
• Betamethasone 17-Valerate [M0002438]
  The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.
  
• Betapressin [M0016115]
  
• Betavert [M0477353]
  
• Betaxolol [M0024177]
  A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity.
  
• Betaxolol Hydrochloride [M0024179]
  
• Betazole [M0002440]
  A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.
  
• Betazole Dihydrochloride [M0330849]
  
• Betazole Monohydrochloride [M0330848]
  
• Betel Nut [M0399463]
  
• Bethanechol [M0028052]
  A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, cardiac rate changes, and bronchial spasms.
  
• Bethanechol Chloride [M0028053]
  
• Bethanechol Compounds [M0002442]
  
• Bethanidine [M0002444]
  A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.
  
• Bethanidine Sulfate [M0002445]
  
• Betnovate [M0002439]
  
• Betoptic [M0024181]
  
• Beza-Lande [M0460240]
  
• Beza-Puren [M0460241]
  
• Bezabeta [M0460242]
  
• Bezacur [M0460243]
  
• Bezafibrat PB [M0460530]
  
• Bezafibrate [M0002449]
  Antilipemic agent that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides. It decreases low density lipoproteins and increases high density lipoproteins.
  
• Bezafisal [M0460116]
  
• Bezalip [M0002450]
  
• Bezamerck [M0460115]
  
• BFL [M0474239]
  
• Bi-58 [M0352171]
  
• BI-RG-587 [M0373316]
  
• Bichloroacetic Acid [M0006267]
  
• BiCNU [M0483979]
  
• Bicol [M0477367]
  
• Bicromat Spray [M0353582]
  
• Bicuculline [M0002466]
  Isoquinoline alkaloid from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants that is a competitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus causes convulsions.
  
• Biflavonoids [M0446742]
  Dimers (homo and hetero) of FLAVONOIDS.
  
• Bigumal [M0350949]
  
• Bilarcil [M0352156]
  
• Bilevon M [M0351843]
  
• Bilevon R [M0351840]
  
• Biltricide [M0353769]
  
• Binazine [M0021613]
  
• Biocarbazine [M0352400]
  
• Biocisplatinum [M0004506]
  
• Biocoryl [M0475876]
  
• Biodone [M0474179]
  
• Biodramina [M0485121]
  
• Bioflavonoids [M0002516]
  
• Bioflutin [M0477840]
  
• Biogastrone [M0353615]
  
• Biogenic Amines [M0002518]
  A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology.
  
• Biogonadil [M0009541]
  
• BIOLF-62 [M0372694]
  
• Biological Response Modifiers [M0023914]
  Biological or synthetic agents that are capable of eliciting specific and/or non-specific effects on immune responsiveness, thereby ultimately leading to an improvement in overall health of the patient. These agents can be further subcategorized into those that facilitate a normal immune response, those that stimulate the immune response, those that are capable of inducing noncytotoxic immunosuppression, and those that increase the ability of the host to tolerate damage by the cytotoxic modalities of the treatment.
  
• Biolon [M0392845]
  
• Biomet [M0004481]
  
• Biomet400 [M0004482]
  
• Biopyrin [M0372397]
  
• Bioquin [M0353875]
  
• Bioral [M0353614]
  
• Biosept [M0003969]
  
• Bioshik [M0352088]
  
• Biotidin [M0018471]
  
• Biperiden [M0002568]
  A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.
  
• Biperiden Hydrochloride [M0330860]
  
• Biperiden, 1R-(1 alpha,2 alpha(R*),4 alpha)-Isomer [M0330858]
  
• Biperiden, 1S-(1 alpha,2 alpha(R*),4 alpha)-Isomer [M0330859]
  
• Biphenabid [M0353864]
  
• Biquinate [M0475002]
  
• Birlane [M0352127]
  
• Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide [M0008531]
  An inhibitor of the last step of noradrenaline biosynthesis.
  
• Bis-Penicillamine-Enkephalin [M0117564]
  
• Bisac-Evac [M0477368]
  
• Bisacodyl [M0002606]
  A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of constipation and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)
  
• Bisacodyl Tannex [M0002607]
  
• Bisacodyl Uniserts [M0477370]
  
• Bisalax [M0477369]
  
• Bisbenzimide [M0010486]
  A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.
  
• Bisco-Lax [M0477371]
  
• Bisco-Zitron [M0477372]
  
• Biseptol [M0024006]
  
• Biseptol-480 [M0024007]
  
• Bisexovister [M0433954]
  
• Bisolvon [M0370935]
  
• Bisolvon AM [M0451979]
  
• Bisolvon NAC [M0445980]
  
• Bisoprolol [M0026256]
  A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.
  
• Bisoprolol Fumarate [M0026258]
  
• Bisoprolol Fumarate (1:1) Salt, (+-)-Isomer [M0329266]
  
• Bisoprolol Fumarate (2:1) Salt, (+-)-Isomer [M0329267]
  
• Bisoprolol Hydrochloride [M0329272]
  
• Bisoprolol Methanesulfonate Salt [M0329273]
  
• Bisoprolol, (+-)-Isomer [M0329265]
  
• Bisoprolol, (-)-Isomer [M0329274]
  
• Bisoprolol, Fumarate (1:1) Salt [M0329268]
  
• Bisoprolol, Fumarate (2:1) Salt [M0329270]
  
• Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies [M0027218]
  
• Bithionol [M0002618]
  Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.
  
• Bitin [M0002619]
  
• Bivalent Meningococcal Vaccine [M0118933]
  
• BL-191 [M0353118]
  
• Black Pepper [M0026366]
  A common spice from fruit of PIPER NIGRUM. Black pepper is picked unripe and heaped for a few days to ferment. White Pepper is the ripe fruit dehulled by maceration in water. PIPERINE is a key component used medicinally to increase gastrointestinal assimilation of other supplements and drugs.
  
• Bladuril [M0478253]
  
• Blastocarb [M0477266]
  
• Bleminol [M0451871]
  
• Bleph [M0475855]
  
• Bloat Guard [M0350684]
  
• Blocadren [M0021544]
  
• Blocking Agents, Sperm Maturation [M0001506]
  
• Blood Substitutes [M0002718]
  Substances that can carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the tissues when introduced into the blood stream. They are used to replace hemoglobin in severe hemorrhage and also to perfuse isolated organs. The best known are perfluorocarbon emulsions and various hemoglobin solutions.
  
• Blutal [M0004319]
  
• BM-15.075 [M0351461]
  
• BMY-27857 [M0372423]
  
• Bocatriol [M0466737]
  
• Bolinan [M0475327]
  
• Bolinan 40 [M0017399]
  
• Bolutol [M0482982]
  
• Bonamine [M0473870]
  
• Bone Density Conservation Agents [M0472480]
  Agents that inhibit BONE RESORPTION and/or favor BONE MINERALIZATION and BONE REGENERATION. They are used to heal BONE FRACTURES and to treat METABOLIC BONE DISEASES.
  
• Bonefos [M0006276]
  
• Bongkrekate [M0002800]
  
• Bongkrekic Acid [M0002799]
  An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.
  
• Bonifen [M0375430]
  
• Bonine [M0013178]
  
• Boots Bite & Sting Relief [M0473997]
  
• Boots Threadworm Treatment [M0474732]
  
• Borea [M0473932]
  
• Boron [M0002831]
  A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight 10.81. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.
  
• Botox [M0373309]
  
• Botulinum Antitoxin [M0002842]
  Antiserum given therapeutically in BOTULISM.
  
• Botulinum Toxin Type A [M0028703]
  A 150 kDa neurotoxic protein produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. When consumed in contaminated food it can cause paralysis and death. In its purified form, it has been used in the treatment of BLEPHAROSPASM and STRABISMUS.
  
• Botulinum Toxins [M0002844]
  Proteins synthesized as a single chain of ~150 kDa with 35% sequence identity to TETANUS TOXIN that is cleaved to a light and a heavy chain that are linked by a single disulfide bond. They have neuro-, entero-, and hemotoxic properties, are immunogenic, and include the most potent poisons known. The most commonly used apparently blocks release of ACETYLCHOLINE at cholinergic SYNAPSES.
  
• BR-750 [M0009671]
  
• Brainal [M0463281]
  
• Brandiazin [M0475866]
  
• Branigen [M0444058]
  
• Brasivil [M0431970]
  
• Bravelle [M0475589]
  
• Braxan [M0433214]
  
• Breezee [M0476659]
  
• Brentan [M0013756]
  
• Breonesin [M0352310]
  
• Brethaire [M0350538]
  
• Brethine [M0350537]
  
• Bretylate [M0463074]
  
• Bretylium Tosylate [M0002920]
  An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.
  
• Bretylol [M0350984]
  
• Brevicidin [M0022196]
  
• Brevimytal Natrium [M0474225]
  
• Brevital [M0369446]
  
• Bricanyl [M0021179]
  
• Brietal [M0369445]
  
• Brij 52 [M0003962]
  
• Brij 56 [M0003963]
  
• Brij-58 [M0003964]
  
• Brinaldix [M0350892]
  
• Brinedine [M0418289]
  
• Brinolase [M0002923]
  A fibrinolytic and thrombolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae. EC 3.4.99.-.
  
• Brionil [M0476698]
  
• Bristacol [M0475484]
  
• Britaject [M0434032]
  
• BRL-26921 [M0333009]
  
• BRL-29060 [M0363570]
  
• BRL-34915 [M0372959]
  
• BRL-38226 [M0029397]
  
• BRL-38227 [M0029398]
  
• BRL-43694A [M0026937]
  
• Brocresine [M0002927]
  A histidine decarboxylase inhibitor.
  
• BromaLich [M0477433]
  
• Bromaz 1A Pharma [M0477434]
  
• Bromazanil [M0477435]
  
• bromazep von ct [M0477436]
  
• Bromazepam [M0002929]
  One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.
  
• Bromazepam AL [M0477481]
  
• Bromazepam beta [M0477482]
  
• Bromazepam Heumann [M0477483]
  
• Bromazepam-neuraxpharm [M0477484]
  
• Bromazepam-ratiopharm [M0477485]
  
• Bromelain-POS [M0463076]
  
• Bromelains [M0002933]
  Protein-digesting and milk-clotting enzymes found in PINEAPPLE fruit juice and stem tissue. Enzymes from the two sources are distinguished as fruit bromelain and stem bromelain. There has been interest in using it for INFLAMMATION and DEBRIDEMENT. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.
  
• Bromhexin [M0465029]
  
• Bromhexin BC [M0463243]
  
• Bromhexine [M0002938]
  A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744)
  
• Bromhexine Hydrochloride [M0330882]
  
• Bromisovalum [M0002944]
  A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.
  
• Bromocriptine [M0002948]
  A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.
  
• Bromodeoxyuridine [M0002951]
  A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.
  
• Brompheniramine [M0002955]
  Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.
  
• Brompheniramine Maleate [M0330884]
  
• Bromsulphalein [M0020786]
  
• Bromthalein [M0361431]
  
• Bromvaleton [M0352403]
  
• Bromyl [M0352402]
  
• Broncho-Fips [M0445984]
  
• Bronchoconstrictor Agents [M0024569]
  Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.
  
• Bronchocort [M0473675]
  
• Bronchodilator Agents [M0002975]
  Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
  
• Broncholysin [M0000172]
  
• Broncholytic Agents [M0002976]
  
• Bronchopront [M0451983]
  
• Bronchowern [M0451984]
  
• Broncoclar [M0445988]
  
• Bronkodyl [M0362257]
  
• Bronkometer [M0011759]
  
• Brotazona [M0478176]
  
• Brotussol [M0465027]
  
• Broxol [M0451987]
  
• Brucella Vaccine [M0002988]
  A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats.
  
• Brucite [M0373105]
  
• Brufen [M0010969]
  
• BS-100-141 [M0024936]
  
• BTC-2125 [M0002324]
  
• BTS-18322 [M0351586]
  
• Bucarban [M0352364]
  
• Bucladesine [M0006259]
  A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Bucladesine, Barium (1:1) Salt [M0330529]
  
• Bucladesine, Disodium Salt [M0330530]
  
• Bucladesine, Monosodium Salt [M0330527]
  
• Bucladesine, Sodium Salt [M0330528]
  
• Budesonide [M0029420]
  A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.
  
• Budesonide, (R)-Isomer [M0329030]
  
• Budesonide, (S)-Isomer [M0329074]
  
• Bufal [M0465108]
  
• Bufederm [M0465110]
  
• Bufexamac [M0003003]
  A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.
  
• Bufexamac-ratiopharm [M0465111]
  
• Buformin [M0003015]
  An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation.
  
• Bufotenin [M0003017]
  A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a tool in CNS studies and misused as a psychedelic.
  
• Bumedyl [M0465163]
  
• Bumetanide [M0003024]
  A sulfamyl diuretic.
  
• Bumex [M0465164]
  
• Bunaftine [M0003025]
  N-Butyl-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-naphthamide. A proposed antiarrhythmic that prolongs myocardial refractory period and stabilizes cell membranes.
  
• Bunolol [M0003035]
  
• Bunolol Hydrochloride [M0333576]
  
• Bupivacain Janapharm [M0465181]
  
• Bupivacain-RPR [M0465182]
  
• Bupivacaina Braun [M0465183]
  
• Bupivacaine [M0003045]
  A widely used local anesthetic agent.
  
• Bupivacaine Anhydrous [M0330886]
  
• Bupivacaine Carbonate [M0003046]
  
• Bupivacaine Hydrochloride [M0330885]
  
• Bupranolol [M0003051]
  An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.
  
• Buprenex [M0352882]
  
• Buprenorphine [M0003054]
  A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.
  
• Buprenorphine Hydrochloride [M0330887]
  
• Bupropion [M0025361]
  A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to block dopamine uptake. The hydrochloride is available as an aid to smoking cessation treatment.
  
• Bupropion Hydrochloride [M0025362]
  
• Bupropion Hydrochloride, (+-)-Isomer [M0331327]
  
• Bupropion, (+-)-Isomer [M0331329]
  
• Burimamide [M0003056]
  An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.
  
• Burinex [M0465165]
  
• Buscapine [M0353024]
  
• Buscolysin [M0353023]
  
• Buscopan [M0353026]
  
• Buserelin [M0003073]
  A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.
  
• Buserelin Acetate [M0330888]
  
• Busp [M0465827]
  
• Buspar [M0003078]
  
• Buspirone [M0003077]
  An anxiolytic agent and a serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the benzodiazepines, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.
  
• Buspirone Hydrochloride [M0350950]
  
• Busulfan [M0003079]
  An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen.
  
• Busulfan Wellcome [M0466352]
  
• Busulfex [M0466353]
  
• Butaclamol [M0003083]
  A benzocycloheptapyridoisoquinolinol that has been used as an antipsychotic, especially in schizophrenia.
  
• Butaclamol Hydrochloride [M0003082]
  
• Butacote [M0016549]
  
• Butadione [M0016551]
  
• Butaliret [M0476173]
  
• Butamide Brand of Tolbutamide [M0352384]
  
• Butapyrazole [M0016552]
  
• Butazolidin [M0016550]
  
• Buthionine Sulfoximine [M0028777]
  A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7)
  
• Butorphanol [M0003094]
  A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.
  
• Butorphanol Tartrate [M0003095]
  
• Butoxamine [M0003096]
  A beta-2 selective adrenergic antagonist. It is used primarily in animal and tissue experiments to characterize beta-2 receptor involvement and identify beta-2 receptors.
  
• Butoxamine Hydrochloride [M0003097]
  
• Butylated Hydroxyanisole [M0003104]
  Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
  
• Butylated Hydroxytoluene [M0003105]
  A di-tert-butyl PHENOL with antioxidant properties.
  
• Butylcarbamide [M0003413]
  
• Butylscopolammonium Bromide [M0003107]
  Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.
  
• Buvacaina [M0465185]
  
• BW 284 C 51 [M0464449]
  
• BW 57-323H [M0352354]
  
• BW A509U [M0373894]
  
• BW-180C [M0373907]
  
• BW-33A [M0353762]
  
• BW-755C [M0024166]
  A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.
  
• BW-759 [M0372693]
  
• By-Vertin [M0477341]
  
• C-283 [M0014871]
  
• C.B.B. [M0460094]
  
• C.I. 40850 [M0351962]
  
• C.I. 42555 [M0351187]
  
• C.I. Basic Red 5 [M0354096]
  
• Ca-DTPA [M0006872]
  
• Cadmium 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol [M0006440]
  
• Caelyx [M0417714]
  Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride.
  
• Caerulein [M0003135]
  A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.
  
• Caffedrine [M0466578]
  
• Caffeine [M0003138]
  A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
  
• Calamus Root [M0389903]
  
• Calan [M0376210]
  
• Calanolides [M0419384]
  COUMARINS with two added pyran rings. Some are found in the CALOPHYLLUM genus of plants.
  
• Calcamine [M0351194]
  
• Calcijex [M0466738]
  
• Calciofon [M0351616]
  
• Calcipot [M0467172]
  
• Calcitite [M0027025]
  
• Calcitriol [M0003148]
  The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.
  
• Calcitriol KyraMed [M0467159]
  
• Calcitriol-Nefro [M0467158]
  
• Calcium Braun [M0467166]
  
• Calcium Carbimide [M0330580]
  
• Calcium Carbonate [M0003155]
  Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
  
• Calcium Channel Agonists [M0003163]
  Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in vascular smooth muscle and/or cardiac muscle cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.
  
• Calcium Channel Blockers [M0003165]
  A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. Since they are inducers of vascular and other smooth muscle relaxation, they are used in the drug therapy of hypertension and cerebrovascular spasms, as myocardial protective agents, and in the relaxation of uterine spasms.
  
• Calcium Chloride [M0003166]
  A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
  
• Calcium Chloride Dihydrate [M0330895]
  
• Calcium Citrate [M0028810]
  A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
  
• Calcium Disodium Versenate [M0363997]
  
• Calcium Dobesilate [M0003167]
  A drug used to reduce hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.
  
• Calcium Dobesilate (1:1) [M0330898]
  
• Calcium Dobesilate Monoammonium Salt [M0330896]
  
• Calcium Dobesilate Monopotassium Salt [M0330897]
  
• Calcium Fusarate [M0008906]
  
• Calcium Gluconate [M0003171]
  The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.
  
• Calcium Glycerophosphate [M0009421]
  
• Calcium Hydroxide [M0003172]
  A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling.
  
• Calcium Pantothenate [M0015822]
  
• Calcium Phosphates [M0003178]
  Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.
  
• Calcium Phytate [M0016818]
  
• Calcium Tetacine [M0007072]
  
• Calcium Valproate [M0022499]
  
• Calcivitol [M0467167]
  
• Calderol [M0462848]
  
• Calglucon [M0351617]
  
• Californium [M0003203]
  Californium. A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.
  
• Calipsol [M0351824]
  
• Calm-X [M0485120]
  
• Calmday [M0476798]
  
• Calmivet [M0431450]
  
• Calnit [M0463282]
  
• Cambendazole [M0003231]
  A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses.
  
• Camoquine [M0001006]
  
• Camphor [M0003240]
  A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
  
• Camphor, (+-)-Isomer [M0331333]
  
• Camphor, (1R)-Isomer [M0331335]
  
• Camphor, (1S)-Isomer [M0331334]
  
• Camptothecin [M0003242]
  An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.
  
• Canasa [M0474819]
  
• Cancer Vaccines [M0028986]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.
  
• Canderel [M0434513]
  
• Canesten [M0004643]
  
• Cannabidiol [M0003266]
  Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.
  
• Cannabinol [M0003268]
  A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.
  
• Canrenoate Potassium [M0003281]
  A synthetic pregnadiene derivative with anti-aldosterone activity.
  
• Canrenoic Acid [M0330907]
  
• Canrenone [M0003283]
  A synthetic pregnadiene compound with anti-aldosterone activity.
  
• Cantharidin [M0003285]
  A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.
  
• Canthaxanthin [M0025364]
  A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.
  
• Caparsolate [M0352104]
  
• Capex [M0478594]
  
• Caplenal [M0451872]
  
• Capoten [M0003322]
  
• Capralense [M0432613]
  
• Caproamin [M0432614]
  
• Caprocid [M0351468]
  
• Caprolest [M0432615]
  
• Capronor [M0025738]
  
• Capsaicin [M0003308]
  An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.
  
• Capsicum Farmaya [M0467307]
  
• Capsidol [M0467308]
  
• Capsin [M0467347]
  
• Captopril [M0003319]
  A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.
  
• Capurate [M0451873]
  
• Capval [M0464783]
  
• Capval Tropfen [M0464784]
  
• Capzasin [M0467348]
  
• Carac [M0478643]
  
• Caradrin [M0351154]
  
• Carafate [M0352125]
  
• Carasel [M0475019]
  
• Carbachol [M0003323]
  A slowly hydrolyzed cholinergic agonist that acts at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
  
• Carbadox [M0003326]
  An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)
  
• Carbamann [M0467366]
  
• Carbamazepine [M0003328]
  An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but some of its actions resemble those of PHENYTOIN; although there is little chemical resemblance between the two compounds, their three-dimensional structure is similar.
  
• Carbamazepine Acetate [M0330914]
  
• Carbamazepine Dihydrate [M0330915]
  
• Carbamazepine Hydrochloride [M0330912]
  
• Carbamazepine L-Tartrate (4:1) [M0330913]
  
• Carbamazepine Phosphate [M0330911]
  
• Carbamazepine Sulfate (2:1) [M0330910]
  
• Carbamylcholine [M0003324]
  
• Carbastat [M0467367]
  
• Carbazepin [M0354005]
  
• Carbazilquinone [M0003336]
  An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.
  
• Carbenoxolone [M0003342]
  An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.
  
• Carbenoxolone Sodium [M0003343]
  
• Carbidopa [M0003345]
  An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE, preventing conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no antiparkinson actions by itself.
  
• Carbidopa, (R)-Isomer [M0330921]
  
• Carbidopa, (S)-Isomer [M0330920]
  
• Carbimazole [M0003346]
  An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.
  
• Carbimazole Henning [M0477265]
  
• Carbocaine [M0013435]
  
• Carbocysteine [M0003348]
  A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.
  
• Carbocysteine, L-Isomer [M0330922]
  
• Carbofuran [M0003352]
  A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Carbomix [M0478055]
  
• Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors [M0003396]
  A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.
  
• Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone [M0003398]
  A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.
  
• Carboplatin [M0024707]
  An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity.
  
• Carboprost [M0003399]
  A nonsteroidal abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of PREGNANCY.
  
• Carboptic [M0467368]
  
• Carbosan [M0467651]
  
• Carbosin [M0477268]
  
• Carbotec [M0477267]
  
• Carboxycellulose [M0003792]
  
• Carboxymethylcellulose [M0003407]
  A cellulose derivative which is a Beta-(1->4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.
  
• Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium [M0357369]
  
• Carboxymethylcysteine [M0003349]
  
• Carbutamide [M0003414]
  A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)
  
• Cardanat [M0477841]
  
• Cardene [M0463035]
  
• Cardene I.V. [M0463038]
  
• Cardene SR [M0463036]
  
• Cardiac Depressants [M0001328]
  
• Cardiac Glycosides [M0003451]
  Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 5- or 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGARS attached at the 3-position. Plants they come from have long been used in congestive heart failure. They increase the force of cardiac contraction without significantly affecting other parameters, but are very toxic at larger doses. Their mechanism of action usually involves inhibition of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE and they are often used in cell biological studies for that purpose.
  
• Cardiazol [M0373142]
  
• Cardil [M0353525]
  
• Cardilate [M0350697]
  
• Cardiocap [M0353586]
  
• Cardiomax [M0450532]
  
• Cardioplegic Solutions [M0003469]
  Solutions which, upon administration, will temporarily arrest cardiac activity. They are used in the performance of heart surgery.
  
• Cardiorythmine [M0431778]
  
• Cardiotonic Agents [M0003471]
  Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE).
  
• Cardiovascular Agents [M0003472]
  Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.
  
• Cardioxane [M0018538]
  
• Cardonit 40 [M0011789]
  
• Cardophyllin [M0432669]
  
• Cardura [M0026252]
  Trade name in United States.
  
• Carduran Neo [M0485266]
  
• Carentil [M0485330]
  
• Cariostatic Agents [M0003487]
  Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
  
• Carisoma [M0477278]
  
• Carisoprodol [M0003488]
  A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202)
  
• Carlyt�ne [M0474460]
  
• Carminomycin III [M0003572]
  
• Carmol [M0373262]
  
• Carmustine [M0003490]
  A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Carophyll Red [M0351961]
  
• Carotaben [M0459879]
  
• Carrageenan [M0003555]
  A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the Irish moss CHONDRUS CRISPUS (Carrageen), and Gigartina stellata. It is used as a stabilizer, for suspending COCOA in chocolate manufacture, and to clarify BEVERAGES.
  
• Carsil [M0019874]
  
• Carteolol [M0003563]
  A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.
  
• Carteolol Hydrochloride [M0003565]
  
• Carticaine [M0003566]
  A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.
  
• Carticaine Hydrochloride [M0492413]
  
• Carubicin [M0003573]
  A very toxic anthracycline-type antineoplastic related to DAUNORUBICIN, obtained from Actinomadura carminata.
  
• Carubicin Hydrochloride [M0003577]
  
• Carwin [M0350805]
  
• Caryolysine [M0013167]
  
• Casanthranol [M0003581]
  A concentrated mixture of anthranol glycosides derived from cascara sagrada.
  
• Cassadan [M0432031]
  
• Castor Oil [M0003604]
  Oil obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis that is used as a cathartic and as a plasticizer.
  
• Catapres [M0004615]
  
• Catechin [M0003638]
  An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.
  
• Catergen [M0003640]
  
• Cathartics [M0003655]
  Agents that promote and/or ease defecation by accelerating the passage of feces through the large intestine, by influencing the consistency and amount of stool, and by facilitating the elimination of feces from the rectum. The terms laxative and cathartic reflect the typical intensity and latency of effect. A cathartic usually produces prompt fluid evacuation, while a laxative usually produces a soft formed stool over a protracted period; the same drug may act as a laxative or a cathartic depending on the dose administered or individual patient sensitivity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p941)
  
• Caustics [M0003694]
  Strong alkaline chemicals that destroy soft body tissues resulting in a deep, penetrating type of burn, in contrast to corrosives, that result in a more superficial type of damage via chemical means or inflammation. Caustics are usually hydroxides of light metals. SODIUM HYDROXIDE and potassium hydroxide are the most widely used caustic agents in industry. Medically, they have been used externally to remove diseased or dead tissues and destroy warts and small tumors. The accidental ingestion of products (household and industrial) containing caustic ingredients results in thousands of injuries per year.
  
• Caverject [M0474674]
  
• CB-1348 [M0372323]
  
• CB-154 [M0352818]
  
• CBA-93626 [M0352605]
  
• CBG [M0467168]
  
• CCNU [M0012677]
  
• CD4 Immunoadhesins [M0025662]
  Chimeric molecules resulting from the fusion of recombinant soluble CD4 to the Fc portion of immunoglobulins. These have potential use in the therapy of AIDS since they possess both the gp120-binding and HIV-blocking properties of rCD4 as well as the long plasma half-life and Fc receptor-binding functions of immunoglobulin.
  
• CD4-IgG [M0025663]
  
• CDPdiacylglycerol-Serine O-Phosphatidyltransferase [M0016649]
  An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphatidylserine and CMP from CDPdiglyceride plus serine. EC 2.7.8.8.
  
• Cebutid [M0478661]
  
• Cecenu [M0463991]
  
• Cedilanid-D [M0357355]
  
• Cedur [M0351460]
  
• CeeNU [M0012679]
  
• Ceepryn Chloride [M0003970]
  
• Celeston [M0372306]
  
• Celestona [M0372305]
  
• Celestone [M0372304]
  
• Celevac [M0474240]
  
• Celiase [M0020585]
  
• Celiprolol [M0026215]
  A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist that may act as a partial agonist at some adrenergic sites.
  
• Celiprolol Monohydrochloride [M0350549]
  
• Celiprolol, (+,-)-Isomer [M0329369]
  
• Celiprolol, (R)-Isomer [M0329370]
  
• Celiprolol, (S)-Isomer [M0329371]
  
• Celiprolol, Monohydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0329367]
  
• Celiprolol, Monohydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329366]
  
• cellblastin [M0476538]
  
• cellcristin [M0476544]
  
• Cellestoderm [M0372307]
  
• Cellidrin [M0353789]
  
• Celloidin [M0004798]
  
• Cellolax [M0003409]
  
• Cellothyl [M0474241]
  
• Celltop [M0478085]
  
• Cellulone [M0474242]
  
• Cellulose, Oxidized [M0003793]
  A cellulose of varied carboxyl content retaining the fibrous structure. It is used as a local hemostatic and as a matrix for normal blood coagulation.
  
• Celocurine [M0351527]
  
• Celupan [M0462924]
  
• Centchroman [M0003797]
  A non-steroidal anti-fertility agent with anti-hormonal properties.
  
• Central Nervous System Agents [M0003803]
  A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into "specific" agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and "nonspecific" agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (From Gilman AG, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p252)
  
• Central Nervous System Depressants [M0003804]
  A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).
  
• Central Nervous System Stimulants [M0001063]
  A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.
  
• Centramina [M0432470]
  
• Centrax [M0353491]
  
• Centroph�ne [M0476911]
  
• Centyl [M0459371]
  
• Ceplene [M0455955]
  Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.
  
• Ceporin [M0354283]
  
• Cerazet [M0463413]
  
• Cerazette [M0485028]
  
• Cercobin M-70 [M0021368]
  
• Cerebramed [M0432297]
  
• Cerebroforte [M0474896]
  
• Cerebrosides [M0003906]
  Neutral glycosphingolipids that contain a monosaccharide, normally glucose or galactose, in 1-ortho-beta-glycosidic linkage with the primary alcohol of an N-acyl sphingoid (ceramide). In plants the monosaccharide is normally glucose and the sphingoid usually phytosphingosine. In animals, the monosaccharide is usually galactose, though this may vary with the tissue and the sphingoid is usually sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1st ed)
  
• Cerebrovase [M0485238]
  
• Cerebroxine [M0353111]
  
• Cerepar N [M0474897]
  
• Cerespan [M0015831]
  
• CERM-1978 [M0024155]
  
• Cerubidine [M0005684]
  
• Cerucal [M0350876]
  
• Cerulenin [M0003925]
  Antifungal antibiotic isolated from several species, including Acremonium (Cephalosporium), Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function and is used as a biochemical tool.
  
• Cerutil [M0351753]
  
• Cesol [M0475493]
  
• Ceta Sulfa [M0475857]
  
• Cetalerg [M0477947]
  
• Cetamide [M0475858]
  
• Cetamium [M0003972]
  
• Ceterifug [M0477948]
  
• Cethylose [M0357368]
  
• Ceti TAD [M0477949]
  
• Ceti-Puren [M0477950]
  
• Cetiderm [M0477951]
  
• Cetidura [M0477952]
  
• Cetil von ct [M0477953]
  
• CetiLich [M0477954]
  
• Cetimil [M0476697]
  
• Cetiprin [M0007265]
  
• Cetirigamma [M0477955]
  
• Cetirizin AL [M0477957]
  
• Cetirizin AZU [M0477958]
  
• Cetirizin Basics [M0477959]
  
• Cetirizine [M0026321]
  A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.
  
• Cetirizine Dihydrochloride [M0026323]
  
• Cetirlan [M0477946]
  
• Cetomacrogol [M0003965]
  Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.
  
• Cetomacrogol 1000 [M0003966]
  
• Cetrexin [M0351752]
  
• Cetrimides [M0003967]
  
• Cetrimonium Compounds [M0003968]
  Cetyltrimethylammonium compounds that have cationic detergent, antiseptic, and disinfectant activities. They are used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as preservatives; on skin, mucous membranes, etc., as antiseptics or cleansers, and also as emulsifiers. These compounds are toxic when used orally due to neuromuscular blockade.
  
• Cetylpyridinium [M0003973]
  Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.
  
• Cetylpyridinium Chloride [M0003974]
  
• Cetylyre [M0478047]
  
• Cevadine [M0022611]
  
• CGP-2175 [M0350811]
  
• CGS-16949A [M0026295]
  
• CH-13437 [M0351589]
  
• Chamomile Oil [M0329026]
  
• Charbon [M0478056]
  
• CharcoAid [M0478058]
  
• Charcoal [M0003993]
  An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
  
• CharcoCaps [M0478059]
  
• Charcodote [M0478063]
  
• Chelating Agents [M0004002]
  Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination bonds with a central metal ion. Heterocyclic rings are formed with the central metal atom as part of the ring. Some biological systems form metal chelates, e.g., the iron-binding porphyrin group of hemoglobin and the magnesium-binding chlorophyll of plants. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed) They are used chemically to remove ions from solutions, medicinally against microorganisms, to treat metal poisoning, and in chemotherapy protocols.
  
• Chelaton 3 [M0007073]
  
• Chem mart Gemfibrozil [M0482983]
  
• Chem mart Moclobemide [M0474401]
  
• Chemet [M0475786]
  
• Chenix [M0004033]
  
• Chenodeoxycholate [M0004031]
  
• Chenodeoxycholic Acid [M0004029]
  A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.
  
• Chenofalk [M0478115]
  
• Chibro-Proscar [M0478249]
  
• Chickenpox Vaccine [M0028909]
  A live, attenuated varicella virus vaccine used for immunization against chickenpox. It is recommended for children between the ages of 12 months and 13 years.
  
• Chiclida [M0473871]
  
• Chimax [M0482789]
  
• Chinoform [M0011657]
  
• Chinofungin [M0350946]
  
• Chinosol [M0353876]
  
• Chirurcoll [M0351406]
  
• Chitosan [M0049825]
  Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.
  
• Chlo-Amine [M0478187]
  
• Chloditan [M0351883]
  
• Chlodithane [M0351882]
  
• Chlophazolin [M0004614]
  
• Chlor-100 [M0478184]
  
• Chlor-Trimeton [M0004193]
  
• Chlor-Tripolon [M0478188]
  
• Chloraethyl Dr. Henning [M0477824]
  
• Chloral Hydrate [M0004114]
  A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia. The safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments. It is no longer considered useful as an anti-anxiety medication.
  
• Chloralose [M0004117]
  A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.
  
• Chlorambucil [M0004118]
  A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Chlorazepate [M0004627]
  
• Chlorazine [M0004201]
  
• Chlordelazine [M0354102]
  
• Chlordiazepoxide [M0004133]
  An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.
  
• Chlordiazepoxide Hydrobromide [M0330627]
  
• Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride [M0330625]
  
• Chlordiazepoxide Perchlorate [M0330624]
  
• Chloretone [M0350666]
  
• Chlorfenvinphos [M0004137]
  An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide.
  
• Chlorhexidine [M0004138]
  A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.
  
• Chlorhexidine Acetate [M0004139]
  
• Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride [M0004140]
  
• Chloridin [M0373206]
  
• Chloriguane [M0350948]
  
• Chlorisept [M0476660]
  
• Chlorisondamine [M0004145]
  A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.
  
• Chlorisondamine Chloride [M0004146]
  
• Chlormadinone [M0330629]
  
• Chlormadinone Acetate [M0004147]
  An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive.
  
• Chlormadinone Acetate, (9 beta,10 alpha)-Isomer [M0330633]
  
• Chlormerodrin [M0004155]
  A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.
  
• Chlormethiazole [M0004156]
  A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.
  
• Chlormezanone [M0004158]
  A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.
  
• Chlornitromycin [M0004123]
  
• Chlorobutanol [M0004163]
  A colorless to white crystalline compound with a camphoraceous odor and taste. It is a widely used preservative in various pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables. Also, it is an active ingredient in certain oral sedatives and topical anesthetics.
  
• Chlorocid [M0004124]
  
• Chloroguanide [M0004166]
  A biguanide compound which has little antimalarial activity until metabolized in the body to the active antimalarial agent cycloguanil. The usefulness of proguanil is limited by the rapid development of drug resistance by the malarial parasite. The hydrochloride is used for the casual prophylaxis of falciparum malaria, to suppress other forms of malaria, and to reduce transmission of infection (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p405)
  
• Chloroguanide Hydrochloride [M0004168]
  
• Chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic Acid [M0004173]
  
• Chloromycetin [M0004122]
  
• Chloroquine [M0004182]
  The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
  
• Chloroquine Sulfate [M0353850]
  
• Chloroquinolinols [M0004185]
  8-Hydroxyquinolinols chlorinated on the number 5 and/or 7 carbon atom(s). They are antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antidiarrheal, especially in amebiasis, and have also been used as antiseborrheics. The compounds are mostly used topically, but have been used also as animal feed additives. They may cause optic and other neuropathies and are most frequently administered in combination with other agents.
  
• Chlorothiazide [M0004186]
  A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812)
  
• Chlorotrianisene [M0004187]
  A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.
  
• Chlorphed [M0465097]
  
• Chlorphenamidine [M0004188]
  An acaricide used against many organophosphate and carbamate resistant pests. It acts as an uncoupling agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
  
• Chlorphenesin [M0004189]
  A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203)
  
• Chlorpheniramine [M0004190]
  A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.
  
• Chlorpheniramine Maleate [M0004192]
  
• Chlorpheniramine Tannate [M0423769]
  
• Chlorphentermine [M0004194]
  A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)
  
• Chlorphentermine Hydrochloride [M0004195]
  
• Chlorpro [M0478185]
  
• Chlorpromazine [M0004198]
  The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.
  
• Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride [M0363614]
  
• Chlorpropamide [M0004204]
  A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)
  
• Chlorprothixene [M0004207]
  A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.
  
• Chlorquinaldol [M0004208]
  Local anti-infective agent used for skin, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections with fungi, protozoa, and certain bacteria. In animals, it causes central nervous system damage and is not administered parenterally. It is also used as antiseptic, fungistat, or deodorant.
  
• Chlorspan 12 [M0478183]
  
• Chlortab-4 [M0478182]
  
• Chlorthalidone [M0004215]
  A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.
  
• Chlorzoxazone [M0004217]
  A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202)
  
• Chlozepid [M0004135]
  
• Cholagogues [M0004220]
  
• Cholagogues and Choleretics [M0004221]
  Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).
  
• Cholan-HMB [M0485010]
  
• Cholate [M0029992]
  
• Cholates [M0029991]
  Salts and esters of CHOLIC ACID.
  
• Choleic Acid [M0005996]
  
• Cholera Vaccines [M0356663]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.
  
• Choleretics [M0004222]
  
• Cholestil [M0361691]
  
• Cholestyramine [M0004278]
  A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium as Cl(-) anion. It exchanges chloride ions with bile salts, thus decreasing their concentration and that of cholesterol. It is used as a hypocholesteremic in diarrhea and biliary obstruction, and as an antipruritic.
  
• Cholic Acid [M0029428]
  A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.
  
• Cholic Acids [M0004282]
  The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.
  
• Choline Bitartrate [M0004284]
  
• Choline Chloride [M0004285]
  
• Choline Citrate [M0004286]
  
• Choline O-Sulfate [M0004287]
  
• Cholinergic Agents [M0027988]
  Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of ACETYLCHOLINE, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. The term cholinergic agents is sometimes still used in the narrower sense of MUSCARINIC AGONISTS, although most modern texts discourage that usage.
  
• Cholinergic Agonists [M0027989]
  Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors.
  
• Cholinergic Antagonists [M0027991]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of ACETYLCHOLINE or cholinergic agonists.
  
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors [M0004295]
  Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.
  
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Irreversible [M0004296]
  
• Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Reversible [M0004297]
  
• Cholinesterase Reactivators [M0004298]
  Drugs used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates. They are an important component of therapy in agricultural, industrial, and military poisonings by organophosphates and sulfonates.
  
• Cholinomimetics [M0027987]
  
• Cholit-Ursan [M0476465]
  
• Cholofalk [M0476464]
  
• Chologon [M0351118]
  
• Choloxin [M0006145]
  
• Chondroitin 4-Sulfate [M0330651]
  
• Chondroitin 4-Sulfate, Aluminum Salt [M0330656]
  
• Chondroitin 4-Sulfate, Potassium Salt [M0330655]
  
• Chondroitin 6-Sulfate [M0330652]
  
• Chondroitin 6-Sulfate, Potassium Salt [M0330657]
  
• Chondroitin 6-Sulfate, Sodium Salt [M0330650]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate 4-Sulfate, Sodium Salt [M0330653]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Calcium Salt [M0330658]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Iron (+3) Salt [M0330660]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Iron Salt [M0330654]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Potassium Salt [M0330648]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Sodium Salt [M0330659]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfate, Zinc Salt [M0330649]
  
• Chondroitin Sulfates [M0004318]
  Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.
  
• Chonsurid [M0363791]
  
• Choriogonin [M0009542]
  
• Chorionic Gonadotropin [M0009545]
  A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
  
• Chorionic Gonadotropin, Human [M0411989]
  
• Chorulon [M0009543]
  
• Chromelin [M0485118]
  
• Chromomycin [M0004397]
  
• Chromomycins [M0004396]
  A complex of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics from Streptomyces griseus. The major component, CHROMOMYCIN A3, is used as a fluorescent stain of DNA where it attaches and inhibits RNA synthesis. It is also used as an antineoplastic agent, especially for solid tumors.
  
• Chromonar [M0004398]
  A coronary vasodilator agent.
  
• Chromonar Hydrochloride [M0330662]
  
• Chromosmon [M0354117]
  
• Chymosin [M0018781]
  The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.
  
• CI-52040 [M0354141]
  
• CI-581 [M0011980]
  
• CI-628 [M0014909]
  
• CI-634 [M0021531]
  
• CI-716 [M0023150]
  
• CI-719 [M0333445]
  
• CI-825 [M0333704]
  
• CI-888 [M0026205]
  
• CI-898 [M0353846]
  
• CI-919 [M0353772]
  
• CIBA 32.644 BA [M0353322]
  
• Ciba 47175-BA [M0003147]
  
• Ciclofalina [M0474898]
  
• Cicloferon [M0450120]
  
• CiL [M0478144]
  
• Cilastatin [M0023687]
  A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.
  
• Cilastatin Sodium [M0023688]
  
• Cilazapril [M0026294]
  One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.
  
• Cilazapril Hydrate [M0329301]
  
• Cilazapril Monohydrobromide [M0329302]
  
• Cilazapril, (S*)-Isomer [M0329300]
  
• Cilazapril, Anhydrous [M0329303]
  
• Cimetidine [M0004479]
  A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRINS output. It also blocks the activity of CYTOCHROME P-450 which might explain proposals for use in NEOADJUVANT THERAPY.
  
• Cimetidine Hydrochloride [M0423990]
  
• Cinanserin [M0004484]
  A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.
  
• Cinanserin Hydrochloride [M0351715]
  
• Cinarizina Inkey [M0478427]
  
• Cinarizina Ratiopharm [M0478428]
  
• Cinazi�re [M0478426]
  
• Cincain [M0350887]
  
• Cinchona Alkaloids [M0004487]
  Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.
  
• Cinfamar [M0485119]
  
• Cinna [M0478425]
  
• Cinnarizin AL [M0478429]
  
• Cinnarizin Siegfried [M0478430]
  
• Cinnarizine [M0004492]
  A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.
  
• Cinnarizine L-Tartrate [M0331354]
  
• Cinnarizine L-Tartrate (1:1) [M0331356]
  
• Cinnarizine, (E)-Isomer [M0331353]
  
• Cinnarizine, Dihydrochloride [M0331355]
  
• Cinnipirine [M0478424]
  
• Cinobac [M0004496]
  
• Cinonide [M0021900]
  
• Cinoxacin [M0004495]
  Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
  
• Ciprinol [M0353989]
  
• Cipro [M0004499]
  
• Ciprofloxacin [M0004498]
  A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
  
• Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride [M0361510]
  
• Circanol [M0352814]
  
• Circo-Maren [M0463055]
  
• Circupon [M0350531]
  
• Cisaken [M0478423]
  
• Cisapride [M0029858]
  A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
  
• Cisordinol [M0004621]
  
• Cisplatin [M0004505]
  An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
  
• Citalopram [M0023529]
  A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.
  
• Citanest [M0017572]
  
• Citomid [M0476545]
  
• Citrate de B�ta�ne UPSA [M0460095]
  
• Citrated Calcium Cyanamide [M0005433]
  
• Citric Acid [M0028793]
  A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
  
• Citrucel [M0474243]
  
• CL-11366 [M0350889]
  
• CL-118532 [M0337462]
  
• CL-232325 [M0350507]
  
• CL-297939 [M0350808]
  
• CL-395 [M0373872]
  
• CL-67,772 [M0354080]
  
• CL-71,563 [M0012712]
  
• Cladribine [M0026332]
  An antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases including hairy-cell leukemia.
  
• Claritin [M0350542]
  
• Clarium [M0350543]
  
• Claversal [M0029391]
  
• Clavigrenin [M0485096]
  
• Cleansing Agents [M0006089]
  
• Clear Eyes [M0462943]
  
• Clearasil Daily Face Wash [M0476890]
  
• Clemastine [M0004551]
  A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.
  
• Clemastine Fumarate [M0004553]
  
• Clenbuterol [M0004556]
  A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.
  
• Cl�ridium [M0485236]
  
• Clexane [M0027161]
  
• Clinitar [M0372331]
  
• Clinium [M0353371]
  
• Clinoril [M0020811]
  
• Clinovir [M0026189]
  
• Clioquinol [M0011656]
  A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.
  
• Clobetasol [M0004578]
  A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.
  
• Clobetasol Propionate [M0069222]
  This is the form in trademark preparations.
  
• Clobex [M0495695]
  
• Clodronate [M0006274]
  
• Clodronic Acid [M0006270]
  A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.
  
• Clofazimine [M0004579]
  A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)
  
• Clofen [M0454551]
  
• Clofenapate [M0004581]
  An oral hypolipemic agent in dogs and rats.
  
• Clofibrate [M0004582]
  A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986)
  
• Clofibric Acid [M0004584]
  An antilipemic agent and the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.
  
• Clomid [M0004596]
  
• Clomiphene [M0004586]
  A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue.
  
• Clomiphene Citrate [M0004595]
  
• Clomiphene Hydrochloride [M0331364]
  
• Clomipramine [M0004598]
  A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.
  
• Clomipramine Hydrochloride [M0004600]
  
• Clomipramine Maleate (1:1) [M0330564]
  
• Clomipramine Monohydrochloride [M0330566]
  
• Clonazepam [M0004601]
  An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.
  
• Clonidine [M0004605]
  An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Clonidine acts centrally by reducing sympathetic tone, resulting in a fall in diastolic and systolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate. It also acts peripherally, and this peripheral activity may be responsible for the transient increase in blood pressure seen during rapid intravenous administration. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p350)
  
• Clonidine Dihydrochloride [M0330569]
  
• Clonidine Hydrochloride [M0004608]
  
• Clonidine Monohydrobromide [M0330567]
  
• Clonidine Monohydrochloride [M0330568]
  
• Clonitralide [M0014828]
  
• Clonixin [M0004617]
  Anti-inflammatory analgesic.
  
• Clonofilin [M0432671]
  
• Clonorax [M0450121]
  
• Clont [M0013698]
  
• Clopamide [M0004620]
  A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.
  
• Clopenthixol [M0004622]
  A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.
  
• Clopidol [M0004624]
  A very effective anticoccidial agent used in poultry.
  
• Cloprostenol [M0004625]
  A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.
  
• Cloprostenol Sodium [M0351575]
  
• Cloramin [M0351947]
  
• Clorazepate Dipotassium [M0004628]
  A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.
  
• Clorazepate Monopotassium [M0004629]
  
• Cloretilo Chemirosa [M0477825]
  
• Clorgyline [M0004631]
  An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.
  
• Clotrimazole [M0004642]
  An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal cell membranes. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.
  
• Clove Oil [M0007942]
  An oil from flower buds of SYZYGIUM trees which contains large amounts of EUGENOL.
  
• Clozapine [M0004649]
  A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.
  
• Clozaril [M0354010]
  
• CN-55,945-27 [M0369484]
  
• Co-Fluocin [M0478595]
  
• Co-vidarabine [M0333702]
  
• Coagulants [M0004654]
  Exogenous substances used to promote blood coagulation. The endogenous BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS are considered to be coagulants only when administered as drugs.
  
• Coal Tar [M0004660]
  A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).
  
• Cobalamins [M0022795]
  
• Cobamides [M0004665]
  
• Cobefrine [M0013654]
  
• Cocaine [M0004670]
  An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
  
• Cocaine Hydrochloride [M0330572]
  
• Coccidiostats [M0004679]
  Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals.
  
• Coccidot [M0350870]
  
• Cod Liver Oil [M0004699]
  Oil obtained from fresh livers of the cod family, Gadidae. It is a source of vitamins A and D.
  
• Codeine [M0004700]
  An opioid analgesic related to MORPHINE but with less potent analgesic properties and mild sedative effects. It also acts centrally to suppress cough.
  
• Codeine Phosphate [M0330573]
  
• Codinovo [M0450395]
  
• Codotussyl [M0445989]
  
• Coffeinum N [M0466579]
  
• Coffeinum Purrum [M0466580]
  
• Coformycin [M0004720]
  A ribonucleoside antibiotic synergist and adenosine deaminase inhibitor isolated from Nocardia interforma and Streptomyces kaniharaensis. It is proposed as an antineoplastic synergist and immunosuppressant.
  
• Cogentin [M0045521]
  
• Cogentinol [M0459462]
  
• Cognex [M0021010]
  
• Colace [M0006490]
  
• Colcemide [M0352765]
  
• Colchicine [M0004732]
  A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).
  
• Colchicine, (+-)-Isomer [M0330574]
  
• Colchicine, (R)-Isomer [M0330575]
  
• Colesterinex [M0352572]
  
• Colestid [M0004740]
  
• Colestipol [M0004739]
  Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.
  
• Colfarit [M0001872]
  
• Colicin E1 [M0004746]
  
• Colirio Alfa [M0462903]
  
• Coliriocilina Sulfacetam [M0475859]
  
• Collagenase Inhibitor [M0029269]
  
• Collodion [M0004799]
  A nitrocellulose solution in ether and alcohol. Collodion has a wide range of uses in industry including applications in the manufacture of photographic film, in fibers, in lacquers, and in engraving and lithography. In medicine it is used as a drug solvent and a wound sealant.
  
• Collodion Cotton [M0004800]
  
• Colme [M0492531]
  
• Colo-Pleon [M0475928]
  
• Cologel [M0474244]
  
• Colony-Stimulating Factors, Recombinant [M0028829]
  COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
  
• Colpro [M0473877]
  
• Colprone [M0473876]
  
• Combantrin [M0353426]
  
• Compazine [M0017621]
  
• Complamin [M0352646]
  
• Complement Inactivating Agents [M0479104]
  Compounds that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host.
  
• Compound 112531 [M0353117]
  
• Compound 48-80 [M0004944]
  
• Compound 64716 [M0352531]
  
• Compound 67-20 [M0353581]
  
• Compound 83405 [M0354276]
  
• Conceplan [M0014972]
  
• Concor [M0026257]
  
• Condyline [M0475067]
  
• Condylox [M0369529]
  
• Congest [M0485329]
  
• Conjugated Equine Estrogens [M0405163]
  
• Constant-T [M0362256]
  
• Contac Husten-Trunk [M0451988]
  
• Contact Lens Cleaners [M0027930]
  
• Contact Lens Cleaning Solutions [M0027933]
  
• Conteben [M0352346]
  
• Contimit [M0476174]
  
• Continuin [M0007921]
  
• Contomin [M0354101]
  
• Contraceptive Agents [M0005102]
  Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION.
  
• Contraceptive Agents, Female [M0005103]
  Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.
  
• Contraceptive Agents, Male [M0005104]
  Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral [M0005114]
  Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral, Combined [M0005117]
  Fixed drug combinations administered orally for contraceptive purposes.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal [M0005118]
  Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral, Sequential [M0005119]
  Drugs administered orally and sequentially for contraceptive purposes.
  
• Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic [M0005120]
  Oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.
  
• Contraceptives, Postcoital [M0005121]
  Contraceptive substances to be used after COITUS. These agents include high doses of estrogenic drugs; progesterone-receptor blockers; ANTIMETABOLITES; ALKALOIDS, and PROSTAGLANDINS.
  
• Contraceptives, Postcoital, Hormonal [M0005124]
  Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations.
  
• Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic [M0005125]
  Postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations.
  
• Contraflam [M0473888]
  
• Contramareo [M0485123]
  
• Controlip [M0478145]
  
• Controlled-Release Preparations [M0417777]
  
• Contrykal [M0011909]
  
• Convulsants [M0005136]
  Substances that act in the brain stem or spinal cord to produce tonic or clonic convulsions, often by removing normal inhibitory tone. They were formerly used to stimulate respiration or as antidotes to barbiturate overdose. They are now most commonly used as experimental tools.
  
• Convulsofin [M0351581]
  
• Copal [M0476025]
  
• Copper EDTA [M0007063]
  
• Copper Penicillaminate [M0016120]
  
• Coprin [M0007074]
  
• Coramedan [M0485078]
  
• Coramin [M0352616]
  
• Coramine [M0352617]
  
• Corasol [M0373141]
  
• Corbadrine [M0013657]
  
• Corbionax [M0433215]
  
• Cord Factors [M0005165]
  Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.
  
• Cordarone [M0433210]
  
• Cordemcura [M0433452]
  
• Cordiamine [M0352618]
  
• Cordilox [M0022605]
  
• Cordipin [M0369479]
  
• Cordium [M0024156]
  
• Cordran [M0478577]
  
• Corgard [M0014412]
  
• Coriban [M0350843]
  
• Corinfar [M0369478]
  
• Corlopam [M0028175]
  
• Cormax [M0399923]
  
• Cormelian [M0006431]
  
• Corn Oil [M0005174]
  Oil from ZEA MAYS or corn plant.
  
• Cornstarch [M0020434]
  
• Cornutamine [M0007664]
  
• Corontin [M0351219]
  
• Corophyllin [M0432689]
  
• Corotrope [M0474337]
  
• Corpea [M0474433]
  
• Cortan [M0475829]
  
• Cortancyl [M0351399]
  
• Cortex Salicis [M0399913]
  
• Corticosterone [M0005217]
  An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)
  
• Cortiespec [M0478596]
  
• Cortifair [M0010709]
  
• Cortisdin [M0478633]
  
• Cortisone [M0005219]
  A naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive. It is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726)
  
• Cortosyn [M0372335]
  
• Cortril [M0010710]
  
• Cortrosyn [M0372334]
  
• Corvaton [M0353346]
  
• Corwin [M0350804]
  
• Corynanthine [M0353126]
  
• Corynanthine Tartrate [M0023103]
  
• Coslan [M0473889]
  
• Cosyntropin [M0005246]
  A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.
  
• Cotazym-S [M0474885]
  
• Cotazyme [M0045745]
  
• Cotinine [M0005249]
  The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.
  
• Coumadin [M0022874]
  
• Coumadine [M0476573]
  
• Coumaphos [M0005256]
  A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.
  
• Coumarins [M0005258]
  Synthetic or naturally occurring substances related to coumarin, the delta-lactone of coumarinic acid. The various coumarins have a wide range of proposed actions and uses including as ANTICOAGULANTS, pharmaceutical aids, indicators and reagents, photoreactive substances, and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.
  
• Coumestrol [M0005259]
  A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.
  
• Counterirritants [M0011728]
  
• Cozaar [M0457185]
  
• CP-10,188 [M0363633]
  
• CP-12,574 [M0352087]
  
• CP-15,467-61 [M0372612]
  
• CP-16171 [M0373882]
  
• CP-556S [M0373889]
  
• CP-89044 [M0392717]
  
• CP-90033 [M0392718]
  
• CPH86 [M0017089]
  
• Crasnitin [M0434510]
  
• CRD-401 [M0006433]
  
• Creon [M0045744]
  
• Cripar [M0485091]
  
• Crisinor [M0440875]
  
• Crixivan [M0372273]
  
• Cromakalim [M0029396]
  A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)
  
• Cromakalim, (3R-cis)-Isomer [M0329128]
  
• Cromakalim, (3R-trans)-Isomer [M0329133]
  
• Cromakalim, (3S-cis)-Isomer [M0329129]
  
• Cromakalim, (trans)-Isomer [M0329131]
  
• Cromoglycate [M0006575]
  
• Cromolyn [M0330463]
  
• Cromolyn Sodium [M0006576]
  A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.
  
• Cronolone [M0351533]
  
• Croscarmellose Sodium [M0003408]
  
• Crospovidone [M0351816]
  
• Crosseal [M0464875]
  A human plasma-derived fibrin sealant that rapidly forms a clot.
  
• Cryo-Tropin [M0475573]
  
• Cryoprotective Agents [M0005379]
  Substances that provide protection against the harmful effects of freezing temperatures.
  
• Cryptenamine [M0017922]
  
• CS-514 [M0350930]
  
• CsA-Neoral [M0025281]
  
• CT-1341 [M0351502]
  
• Cuemid [M0004279]
  
• Cuprenil [M0016124]
  
• Cuprimine [M0016123]
  
• Curantil [M0374377]
  
• Curare [M0005419]
  Plant extracts from several species, including Strychnos toxifera, S. castelnaei, S. crevauxii, and Chondodendron tomentosum, that produce paralysis of skeletal muscle and are used adjunctively with general anesthesia. These extracts are toxic and must be used with the administration of artificial respiration.
  
• Curatin [M0476661]
  
• Curban [M0485040]
  
• Curretab [M0026190]
  
• Cutason [M0475830]
  
• Cuvalit [M0463974]
  
• Cuxabrain [M0474899]
  
• Cuxafenon [M0475998]
  
• CV-705 [M0021885]
  
• CY 216 [M0350495]
  
• CY-116 [M0351467]
  
• Cyanidanol-3 [M0003642]
  
• Cyanine Dye DiS-C2-(5) [M0006612]
  
• Cyater [M0476192]
  
• Cyclandelate [M0005451]
  A direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. It may cause gastrointestinal distress and tachycardia.
  
• Cyclazocine [M0005452]
  An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.
  
• Cyclizine [M0005457]
  A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935)
  
• Cyclizine Hydrochloride [M0005458]
  
• Cyclo-C [M0005462]
  
• Cyclodol [M0372550]
  
• Cyclofenil [M0005465]
  A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.
  
• Cyclogyl [M0005483]
  
• Cycloleucine [M0005476]
  An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.
  
• Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors [M0446346]
  A subclass of cyclooxygenase inhibitors with specificity for CYCLOOXYGENASE-2.
  
• Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [M0025664]
  Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.
  
• Cyclopenthiazide [M0005482]
  Thiazide diuretic also used as an antihypertensive agent.
  
• Cyclopentolate [M0005484]
  A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.
  
• Cyclophosphamide [M0005485]
  Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active ALDOPHOSPHAMIDE. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.
  
• Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate [M0331231]
  
• Cyclophosphamide, (+-)-Isomer [M0331228]
  
• Cyclophosphamide, (R)-Isomer [M0331230]
  
• Cyclophosphamide, (S)-Isomer [M0331229]
  
• Cycloplegics [M0014316]
  
• Cyclospasmol [M0351719]
  
• Cyclosporine [M0025279]
  A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).
  
• Cyclosporins [M0005493]
  A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindocarpon lucidum. They have some antineoplastic and antifungal action and significant immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporins have been proposed as adjuvants in tissue and organ transplantation to suppress graft rejection.
  
• Cycrin [M0026191]
  
• Cygnoline [M0001307]
  
• Cyklokapron [M0021768]
  
• Cylert [M0474037]
  
• Cymarine [M0005498]
  A cardiotonic cardiac glycoside found in STROPHANTHUS. The aglycone is STROPHANTHIN.
  
• Cyproheptadine [M0005519]
  A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.
  
• Cyproterone [M0005524]
  An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.
  
• Cyproterone Acetate [M0026384]
  An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites.
  
• Cyproterone Acetate, (1 alpha,2 alpha)-Isomer [M0331368]
  
• Cyproterone Acetate, (1 alpha,2 alpha,9 beta,10 alpha)-Isomer [M0331210]
  
• Cyproterone Acetate, (17 alpha)-Isomer [M0331369]
  
• Cyproterone, 1alpha,2 alpha,9 beta,10 alpha-Isomer [M0330581]
  
• Cystadane [M0460091]
  
• Cystagon [M0351204]
  
• Cystamine [M0005528]
  A radiation-protective agent that interferes with sulfhydryl enzymes. It may also protect against carbon tetrachloride liver damage.
  
• Cystamine Calcium Salt [M0330582]
  
• Cystamine Diacetate [M0330583]
  
• Cystamine Dihydrobromide [M0330587]
  
• Cystamine Dihydrochloride [M0330589]
  
• Cystamine Hydrobromide [M0330588]
  
• Cystamine Hydrochloride [M0330586]
  
• Cystamine Sulfate [M0330585]
  
• Cystamine Sulfate (1:1) [M0330584]
  
• Cystamucil [M0445991]
  
• Cystaphos [M0005530]
  Proposed as an adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy; may have radiation protective properties.
  
• Cystatin A [M0024321]
  
• Cystatins [M0024322]
  A homologous group of endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Four distinct families are recognized within the cystatin superfamily: cystatin B or stefins; cystatin C or post-gamma-globulin; egg-white or chicken cystatin; and kininogen cystatin. The cystatins inhibit most Cysteine Endopeptidases of the papain type, and other peptidases which have a sulfhydryl group at the active site.
  
• Cysteamine [M0005535]
  A radiation-protective agent that oxidizes in air to form CYSTAMINE. It can be given intravenously or orally to treat radiation sickness. The bitartrate has been used for the oral treatment of nephropathic cystinosis.
  
• Cysteamine Bitartrate [M0005537]
  
• Cysteamine Dihydrochloride [M0330593]
  
• Cysteamine Hydrobromide [M0330597]
  
• Cysteamine Hydrochloride [M0330592]
  
• Cysteamine Maleate (1:1) [M0330599]
  
• Cysteamine Tartrate [M0330594]
  
• Cysteamine Tartrate (1:1) [M0330595]
  
• Cysteamine Tosylate [M0330596]
  
• Cysteamine, 35S-Labeled [M0330598]
  
• Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors [M0024280]
  Exogenous and endogenous compounds which inhibit CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.
  
• Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, Endogenous [M0024281]
  
• Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, Exogenous [M0024282]
  
• Cystorelin [M0012448]
  
• Cytadren [M0000945]
  
• Cytamid [M0482790]
  
• Cytarabine [M0005564]
  A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)
  
• Cytarabine Hydrochloride [M0005565]
  
• Cytochalasin B [M0005580]
  A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.
  
• Cytochalasins [M0005581]
  11- to 14-membered macrocyclic lactones with a fused isoindolone. Members with INDOLES attached at the C10 position are called chaetoglobosins. They are produced by various fungi. Some members interact with ACTIN and inhibit CYTOKINESIS.
  
• Cytomegalovirus Vaccines [M0358352]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS.
  
• Cytomel [M0021976]
  
• Cytonal [M0372750]
  
• Cytosar [M0005566]
  
• Cytospaz [M0001933]
  
• Cytostat [M0475063]
  
• Cytostatic Agents [M0001484]
  
• Cytotec [M0025311]
  
• Cytovene [M0372692]
  
• Cytoxan [M0005486]
  
• D-145 [M0351817]
  
• D-40TA [M0353505]
  
• D-600 [M0351224]
  
• D-65MT [M0353438]
  
• D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin [M0373533]
  A stable synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to those of methionine enkephalin. Its effects can be reversed by narcotic antagonists such as naloxone.
  
• d-APV [M0024151]
  
• D-Glutamate [M0028011]
  
• D-Pen2, L-Pen5-Enkephalin [M0333394]
  
• D-Tamin retard L.U.T. [M0485095]
  
• D-Vert [M0473872]
  
• DA-2370 [M0373161]
  
• Dacarbazine [M0005636]
  An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)
  
• Dacortin [M0475831]
  
• Dacryolarmes [M0474245]
  
• Dactarin [M0013757]
  
• Daflon [M0357354]
  
• Dagan [M0463044]
  
• Dagynil [M0485328]
  
• Dairyaid [M0477142]
  
• Dalcaine [M0012487]
  
• Dalmane [M0008646]
  
• Dalteparin [M0027162]
  A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Dalteparin Sodium [M0027163]
  
• Dalzic [M0017429]
  
• Damilen [M0351387]
  
• Dampo Mucopect [M0447116]
  
• Danazant [M0485003]
  
• Danazol [M0005648]
  A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.
  
• Danazol-ratiopharm [M0485002]
  
• Dancor [M0463083]
  
• Danizol [M0013699]
  
• Danocrine [M0361541]
  
• Danoval [M0351295]
  
• Dantrium [M0005657]
  
• Dantrolene [M0005658]
  Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.
  
• Dantrolene Sodium [M0005659]
  
• Daonil [M0352380]
  
• Dapaz [M0473985]
  
• Dapsoderm-X [M0485007]
  
• Dapson-Fatol [M0485006]
  
• Dapsone [M0005661]
  A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)
  
• Daranide [M0006281]
  
• Daraprim [M0018254]
  
• Darolan [M0465037]
  
• Darvon [M0017771]
  
• Dasuen [M0476078]
  
• Datril [M0000119]
  
• Daunoblastin [M0361544]
  
• Daunorubicin [M0005683]
  A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.
  
• Daunorubicin Hydrochloride [M0361543]
  
• DBL Gemfibrozil [M0482984]
  
• DBL Moclobemide [M0474402]
  
• DD-234 [M0353028]
  
• DDAVP [M0369333]
  
• Dealkylprazepam [M0005805]
  
• Deamino Arginine Vasopressin [M0474041]
  A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.
  
• Deanol [M0005699]
  An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.
  
• Deanol Bisorcate [M0485009]
  
• Deblaston [M0474781]
  
• Debridat [M0021981]
  
• Debrisoquin [M0005709]
  An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.
  
• Decaject [M0492541]
  
• Decaject-L.A. [M0492540]
  
• Decameth [M0492539]
  
• Decapeptyl [M0026319]
  
• Decaspray [M0492538]
  
• Deccox [M0372341]
  
• Decholin [M0351122]
  
• Decongestants [M0022554]
  
• D�contractyl [M0473971]
  
• Decoquinate [M0005738]
  A coccidiostat for poultry.
  
• Decortin [M0392689]
  
• Decortisyl [M0475832]
  
• Decostriol [M0467157]
  
• Decranol [M0351896]
  
• Decrelip [M0482985]
  
• Dedrogyl [M0462847]
  
• DEET [M0005744]
  A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.
  
• DEET, 2,5-di-Me-Analog [M0330604]
  
• Defensins [M0135759]
  Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.
  
• D�filtran [M0431649]
  
• Degranol [M0351895]
  
• Dehidrobenzperidol [M0485294]
  
• Dehydroascorbic Acid [M0005759]
  The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.
  
• Dehydrobenzperidol [M0485293]
  
• Dehydrocholate [M0005764]
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid [M0005762]
  A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid, Lithium Salt [M0331374]
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid, Magnesium Salt [M0331372]
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid, Potassium Salt [M0331373]
  
• Dehydrocholic Acid, Sodium Salt [M0331371]
  
• Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate [M0028759]
  The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.
  
• Dekaris [M0012432]
  
• Delavirdine [M0029713]
  A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.
  
• Delavirdine Mesylate [M0329069]
  
• Delayed-Action Preparations [M0005772]
  Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.
  
• Delfen Cream [M0350680]
  
• Delitex [M0463939]
  
• Delsym [M0006137]
  
• Deltasone [M0351400]
  
• Deltasoralen [M0474228]
  
• Delursan [M0476463]
  
• Demecolcine [M0005796]
  An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.
  
• Demecolcine, (+-)-Isomer [M0330549]
  
• Demerol [M0013428]
  
• Demeton [M0006607]
  
• Demolox [M0433381]
  
• Demser [M0029395]
  
• Dengue Vaccines [M0491092]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with DENGUE VIRUS. These include live-attenuated, subunit, DNA, and inactivated vaccines.
  
• Dental Disinfectants [M0029036]
  Chemicals especially for use on instruments to destroy pathogenic organisms. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
  
• Dentomycin [M0474865]
  
• Deoxycholate [M0005994]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid [M0005992]
  A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, 12beta-Isomer [M0331378]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, 3beta-Isomer [M0331379]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, 5alpha-Isomer [M0331376]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0331383]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Magnesium (2:1) Salt [M0331382]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Monoammonium Salt [M0331381]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Monopotassium Salt [M0331375]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Monosodium Salt [M0331377]
  
• Deoxycholic Acid, Sodium Salt, 12beta-Isomer [M0331380]
  
• Deoxyepinephrine [M0006003]
  Sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor agent.
  
• Deoxyglucose [M0006004]
  2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.
  
• Depakene [M0351580]
  
• Depakote [M0351577]
  
• Depasan Retard [M0020198]
  
• Depo-Provera [M0026186]
  
• Deponerton [M0475977]
  
• Depostat [M0009217]
  
• Deposul [M0350923]
  
• Depot Preparations [M0005773]
  
• Deprax [M0476870]
  
• Deprenorm [M0474403]
  
• Deprenyl [M0019602]
  
• Depressan [M0006388]
  
• Depressin [M0351162]
  
• Deprilept [M0474717]
  
• Deptran [M0485388]
  
• Dequadin [M0485016]
  
• Dequalinium [M0006040]
  A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.
  
• Dequalinium Acetate [M0006041]
  
• Dequalinium Chloride [M0006039]
  
• Dequalinium Di-10-undecenoate [M0330509]
  
• Dequalinium Dibromide [M0330510]
  
• Dequalinium Diiodide [M0330508]
  
• Dequalinium Diundecenoate [M0330513]
  
• Derma-Smooth/FS [M0478597]
  
• Dermatologic Agents [M0006057]
  Drugs used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
  
• Dermaton [M0352126]
  
• Dermazin [M0475867]
  
• Dermovate [M0397727]
  
• Dermox [M0474229]
  
• Dertil [M0351842]
  
• Desferal [M0005752]
  
• Desferrioxamine B Mesylate [M0005751]
  
• Desickling Agents [M0001502]
  
• Desidox [M0485387]
  
• Desiflu [M0482910]
  
• Designer Drugs [M0023353]
  Drugs designed and synthesized, often for illegal street use, by modification of existing drug structures (e.g., amphetamines). Of special interest are MPTP (a reverse ester of meperidine), MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Many drugs act on the aminergic system, the physiologically active biogenic amines.
  
• Desipramine [M0006074]
  A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.
  
• Desipramine Hydrochloride [M0330514]
  
• Desisulpid [M0475978]
  
• Deslanoside [M0006076]
  Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata.
  
• Desmogalen [M0492528]
  
• Desmopressin Acetate [M0330516]
  
• Desmopressin Monoacetate [M0330515]
  
• Desoblit [M0459361]
  
• Desogestrel [M0026028]
  A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents.
  
• Desone [M0485029]
  
• Desonide [M0006084]
  A nonfluorinated corticosteroid anti-inflammatory agent used topically for DERMATOSES.
  
• Desopimon [M0004197]
  
• Desowen [M0485031]
  
• Desoxi [M0485035]
  
• Desoximetasone [M0006085]
  A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.
  
• Desoxyn [M0474166]
  
• Destolit [M0476462]
  
• Desuric [M0353574]
  
• Desyrel [M0476871]
  
• DET MS [M0485094]
  
• Deticene [M0352399]
  
• Detreomycin [M0004125]
  
• Devazepide [M0029847]
  A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.
  
• Devincan [M0353112]
  
• Dexambutol [M0477800]
  
• Dexamethasone [M0006099]
  An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
  
• Dexamethasone Intensol [M0492562]
  
• Dexamethasone Isonicotinate [M0006100]
  An anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause water and salt retention.
  
• Dexasone [M0372346]
  
• Dexatrim [M0369526]
  
• Dexedrine [M0006135]
  
• Dexetimide [M0006102]
  A muscarinic antagonist that has been used to treat neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Benzetimide is the (-)-enantimorph of dexetimide.
  
• Dexfenfluramine [M0030010]
  The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.
  
• Dexfenfluramine Hydrochloride [M0331384]
  
• Dexferrum [M0477639]
  
• Dexindoprofen [M0011251]
  
• Dexitac [M0466581]
  
• Dexium [M0351828]
  
• Dexmedetomidine [M0140432]
  A selective inhibitor of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that has analgesic and sedative properties. MEDETOMIDINE is the other racemic form.
  
• Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride [M0332427]
  
• Dexnon [M0463498]
  
• Dexol [M0015823]
  
• Dexpak [M0492560]
  
• Dexpropranolol [M0017772]
  
• Dexrazoxane [M0018537]
  
• Dextran [M0006131]
  
• Dextran 40 [M0006108]
  
• Dextran 40000 [M0006109]
  
• Dextran 70 [M0006110]
  
• Dextran 75 [M0006111]
  
• Dextran 80 [M0006112]
  
• Dextran B-1355-S [M0006113]
  
• Dextran B1355 [M0006114]
  
• Dextran B512 [M0006115]
  
• Dextran M 70 [M0006116]
  
• Dextran Sulfate [M0024857]
  Long-chain polymer of glucose containing 17-20% sulfur. It has been used as an anticoagulant and also has been shown to inhibit the binding of HIV-1 to CD4+ T-lymphocytes. It is commonly used as both an experimental and clinical laboratory reagent and has been investigated for use as an antiviral agent, in the treatment of hypolipidemia, and for the prevention of free radical damage, among other applications.
  
• Dextran Sulfate Sodium [M0024858]
  
• Dextran T 70 [M0006117]
  
• Dextran T-40 [M0006118]
  
• Dextran T-500 [M0006119]
  
• Dextrans [M0006120]
  A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.
  
• Dextroamphetamine [M0006134]
  The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.
  
• Dextroamphetamine Sulfate [M0006133]
  
• Dextrofer [M0353692]
  
• Dextromethorphan [M0006138]
  The d-isomer of the codeine analog of LEVORPHANOL. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
  
• Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide [M0330518]
  
• Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, (+-)-Isomer [M0330521]
  
• Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Monohydrate [M0330522]
  
• Dextromethorphan Hydrochloride [M0330519]
  
• Dextromethorphan, (+-)-Isomer [M0330520]
  
• Dextromoramide [M0006142]
  An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070)
  
• Dextromoramide Tartrate [M0485042]
  
• Dextrorphan [M0006143]
  Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.
  
• DextroStat [M0485039]
  
• Dextrothyroxine Sodium [M0373453]
  
• Dexverapamil [M0022609]
  
• DH-581 [M0353863]
  
• DHE-45 [M0352821]
  
• DHE-Puren [M0485093]
  
• DHE-ratiopharm [M0485099]
  
• Di-Actane [M0462786]
  
• Di-Adreson-F [M0017461]
  
• Di-Cyclonex [M0477660]
  
• Di-Spaz [M0477661]
  
• Di-Syston [M0352172]
  
• Diabeta [M0352379]
  
• Diabetol [M0352383]
  
• Diabinese [M0004205]
  
• Diabrezide [M0483096]
  
• Diabutal [M0369493]
  
• Diacarb [M0000130]
  
• Diagesil [M0477651]
  
• Diaglyk [M0483097]
  
• Diaikron [M0352367]
  
• Dialferine [M0000670]
  
• Dialume [M0372285]
  
• Dialysis Solutions [M0023582]
  Solutions prepared for exchange across a semipermeable membrane of solutes below a molecular size determined by the cutoff threshold of the membrane material.
  
• Diamfenetide [M0006202]
  Anthelmintic. It has been shown to be useful in fasciola infections in sheep.
  
• Diamicron [M0009267]
  
• Diamide [M0006203]
  A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.
  
• Diamidine [M0016172]
  
• Diaminodiethyldisulfide [M0005529]
  
• Diamox [M0000129]
  
• Dianabol [M0350988]
  
• Dianhydrogalactitol [M0006206]
  One of the cytotoxic dihalohexitols that may have alkylating antineoplastic activity. It causes bone marrow toxicity. The active form is thought to be the diepoxide.
  
• Dianhydrosorbitol [M0011787]
  
• Diaphyllin [M0351375]
  
• Diapid [M0373045]
  
• Diatrizoate Meglumine [M0006224]
  A versatile x-ray contrast medium for diagnostic radiology. It can be administered by most routes.
  
• Diatrizoic Acid Methylglucamine [M0006228]
  
• Diaval [M0476641]
  
• Diazacholesterol Dihydrochloride [M0002059]
  
• Diazemuls [M0006232]
  
• Diazepam [M0006229]
  A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity. It is used in the treatment of severe anxiety disorders, as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia, as a sedative and premedicant, as an anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p589)
  
• Diazooxonorleucine [M0006241]
  An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Diazoxide [M0006242]
  A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.
  
• Dibenamine [M0006248]
  
• Dibent [M0477662]
  
• Dibenyline [M0016531]
  
• Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide [M0019456]
  Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.
  
• Dibenziran [M0351231]
  
• Dibenzocycloheptenes [M0006250]
  A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC).
  
• Dibenzylchlorethamine [M0454899]
  An alpha adrenergic antagonist.
  
• Dibenzyline [M0351230]
  
• Dibromothymoquinone [M0006255]
  At low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the site of its inhibitory activity.
  
• Dibucaine [M0006256]
  A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006)
  
• Dibunol [M0352317]
  
• Dibutyl Phthalate [M0006258]
  A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.
  
• Dicaine [M0352621]
  
• Dicalcium Etidronate [M0145134]
  
• Dicaptol [M0372371]
  
• Dichloroacetate [M0006264]
  An acetic acid derivative that is a metabolite of TRICHLOROETHYLENE and is formed during chlorine disinfection of drinking water. It has effects on GLUCOSE metabolism, lowers LACTATE, and activates the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.
  
• Dichlorophen [M0006277]
  Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)
  
• Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole [M0006279]
  An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.
  
• Dichlorphenamide [M0006280]
  A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  
• Dicinone [M0477792]
  
• Diclofenac [M0006284]
  A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.
  
• Diclofenac Potassium [M0006286]
  
• Diclofenac Sodium [M0006287]
  The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
  
• Diclomin [M0477663]
  
• Diclonate P [M0337685]
  
• Dicobalt EDTA [M0007064]
  
• Dicodid [M0450396]
  
• Dicoumarin [M0372309]
  
• Dicumarol [M0002610]
  An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.
  
• Dicupral [M0006604]
  
• Dicyclomine [M0006314]
  A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.
  
• Dicyclomine Hydrochloride [M0006316]
  
• Dicynone [M0351830]
  
• Didanosine [M0024535]
  A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.
  
• Dideoxyadenosine [M0024534]
  A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.
  
• Didrex [M0002382]
  
• Didronel [M0020102]
  
• Diemal [M0372656]
  
• Dienestrol [M0006320]
  A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.
  
• Dienestrol, (E,E)-Isomer [M0330535]
  
• Dienestrol, (Z,E)-Isomer [M0330537]
  
• Dienestrol, (Z,Z)-Isomer [M0330536]
  
• Diertine [M0485090]
  
• Diestet [M0473860]
  
• Diethyl Pyrocarbonate [M0006345]
  Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.
  
• Diethylcarbamazine [M0006347]
  An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Citrate [M0006348]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (1:1) [M0330541]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (1:2) [M0330540]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine L-Tartrate (1:1) [M0330544]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Maleate [M0330538]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Monohydrochloride [M0330543]
  
• Diethylcarbamazine Phosphate (1:1) [M0330539]
  
• Diethyldithiocarbamate [M0006351]
  
• Diethylpropion [M0006355]
  A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290)
  
• Diethylpropion Hydrochloride [M0006356]
  
• Diethylstilbestrol [M0006357]
  A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)
  
• Diethylstilbestrol, (Z)-Isomer [M0331232]
  
• Diethylstilbestrol, Disodium Salt [M0331233]
  
• Difenin [M0016582]
  
• Difflam [M0477224]
  
• Diflamil [M0473943]
  
• Diflubenzuron [M0006469]
  An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.
  
• Diflucan [M0024112]
  
• Diflucortolone [M0006366]
  A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.
  
• Diflunisal [M0006367]
  A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.
  
• Difluoromethylornithine [M0000790]
  
• Difril [M0017546]
  
• Digacin [M0485086]
  
• Digestants [M0009026]
  
• Digezanol [M0431891]
  
• Digimed [M0485077]
  
• Digimerck [M0485076]
  
• Digitaline Nativelle [M0485075]
  
• Digitalis Glycosides [M0006379]
  Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis.
  
• Digitalysat [M0476051]
  
• Digitek [M0485085]
  
• Digitoxigenin [M0006381]
  3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.
  
• Digitoxin [M0006383]
  A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665)
  
• Digitoxin AWD [M0485074]
  
• Digitoxin B�rger [M0485073]
  
• Digitoxin Didier [M0485072]
  
• Digitoxin Monoacetate [M0000180]
  
• Digitoxin-Philo [M0485071]
  
• Dignodolin [M0478579]
  
• Digophton [M0485070]
  
• Digoregen [M0485084]
  
• Digostada [M0431712]
  
• Digotab [M0431713]
  
• digox von ct [M0431714]
  
• Digoxigenin [M0006385]
  3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
  
• Digoxin [M0006386]
  A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)
  
• Digoxin Didier [M0431715]
  
• Digoxina Boehringer [M0485083]
  
• Digoxine Nativelle [M0485082]
  
• Digton [M0475979]
  
• Dihematoporphyrin Ether [M0026307]
  The purified component of HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE, it consists of a mixture of oligomeric porphyrins. It is used in photodynamic therapy (HEMATOPORPHYRIN PHOTORADIATION); to treat malignant lesions with visible light and experimentally as an antiviral agent. It is the first drug to be approved in the use of photodynamic therapy in the United States.
  
• Dihexazin [M0005520]
  
• Dihydan [M0016581]
  
• Dihydralazine [M0006389]
  1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)
  
• Dihydralazine Sulfate [M0485087]
  
• Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine [M0006390]
  Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.
  
• Dihydroalprenolol [M0006393]
  Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.
  
• Dihydroergocornine [M0006403]
  A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains isopropyl sidechains at the 2' and 5' positions of the molecule.
  
• Dihydroergocornine Mesylate [M0330440]
  
• Dihydroergocornine Monomesylate [M0330436]
  
• Dihydroergocristine [M0006404]
  A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule.
  
• Dihydroergocristine Monomesylate [M0330438]
  
• Dihydroergocryptine [M0006405]
  A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position and an alpha-isobutyl sidechain at 5'alpha position of the molecule.
  
• Dihydroergocryptine Mesylate [M0330439]
  
• Dihydroergocryptine Monomesylate [M0330437]
  
• Dihydroergotamin AL [M0485109]
  
• Dihydroergotamine [M0006401]
  A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
  
• Dihydroergotamine Mesylate [M0330548]
  
• Dihydroergotoxine [M0006406]
  A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.
  
• Dihydromorphine [M0006407]
  A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors. It has abuse potential.
  
• Dihydrone [M0352932]
  
• Dihydrotachysterol [M0006417]
  A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.
  
• Dihydrotestosterone [M0020414]
  A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to ESTRADIOL therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid.
  
• Dihydroxyacetone [M0006419]
  A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent.
  
• Dihydroxyphenylalanine [M0006754]
  A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.
  
• Dihydroxyphenylalanine Hydrochloride, (2:1) [M0330404]
  
• Dihydroxytryptamines [M0006423]
  Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in any position. Some are cytotoxic serotonin analogs that are preferentially taken up by serotonergic neurons and then destroy those neurons.
  
• Dihydroxyundecyl Resorcylic Acid Lactone [M0023125]
  
• Dihytamin [M0485107]
  
• Diiodoquin [M0353881]
  
• Dilacor XR [M0006436]
  
• Dilanacin [M0372352]
  
• Dilangio compositu [M0459360]
  
• Dilantin [M0016583]
  
• Dilatol [M0015131]
  
• Dilatrate [M0011795]
  
• Dilaudid [M0006410]
  
• Dilazep [M0006432]
  Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.
  
• Dilcoran [M0474051]
  
• Dilevalol [M0354778]
  
• Dilin [M0485297]
  
• Dilmintal [M0011910]
  
• Dilor Brand of Dyphylline [M0485298]
  
• Dilren [M0353527]
  
• Diltiazem [M0006434]
  A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of the calcium ion in membrane functions. It is also teratogenic.
  
• Diltiazem Hydrochloride [M0353529]
  
• Diltiazem Malate [M0006435]
  
• Dilzem [M0006437]
  
• Dimaprit [M0026195]
  A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.
  
• Dimaprit Dihydrochloride [M0329354]
  
• Dimaprit Maleate (1:1) [M0329355]
  
• Dimaval [M0352349]
  
• Dimedrol [M0369590]
  
• Dimen Heumann [M0485127]
  
• Dimen Lichtenstein [M0485126]
  
• Dimenhydrinate [M0006438]
  A drug combination that contains DIPHENHYDRAMINE and THEOPHYLLINE. It is used for treating vertigo, motion sickness, and nausea associated with pregnancy. It is not effective in the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy.
  
• Dimepheptanol [M0351994]
  
• Dimercaprol [M0006441]
  An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.
  
• Dimercaptosuccinic Acid [M0330502]
  
• Dimetabs [M0485125]
  
• Dimetane [M0002956]
  
• Dimetane-Ten [M0465098]
  
• Dimethadione [M0006448]
  An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.
  
• Dimethindene [M0006449]
  A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies.
  
• Dimethindene Maleate [M0330454]
  
• Dimethisterone [M0006451]
  A synthetic progestational hormone without significant estrogenic or androgenic properties. It was formerly used as the progestational component in oral sequential contraceptives.
  
• Dimethisterone Monohydrate [M0330455]
  
• Dimethoate [M0006452]
  An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.
  
• Dimethyl Sulfoxide [M0006456]
  A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during cryopreservation. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.
  
• Dimethyldithiocarbamate [M0006461]
  A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.
  
• Dimethylphenylene Bis-Thioallophanate [M0021370]
  
• Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide [M0006642]
  A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.
  
• Dimetridazole [M0006468]
  A compound used to treat histomoniasis in poultry.
  
• Dimexide [M0352390]
  
• Dimilin [M0352407]
  
• Diminazene [M0006470]
  An effective trypanocidal agent.
  
• Dimitronal [M0004493]
  
• Dinagen [M0474901]
  
• Dinarkon [M0352934]
  
• Dinate [M0485124]
  
• Dindevan [M0474394]
  
• Dinitolmide [M0006472]
  A coccidiostat for poultry.
  
• Dinobroxol [M0451989]
  
• Dinoprost [M0023416]
  A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.
  
• Dinoprostone [M0023405]
  The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate [M0491450]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinates [M0006493]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid [M0006484]
  All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Ammonium Salt [M0331387]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Barium Salt [M0331388]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Calcium Salt [M0331385]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Magnesium Salt [M0331386]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Potassium Salt [M0006492]
  
• Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Sodium Salt [M0331389]
  
• Dionine [M0007911]
  
• Diosmin [M0006496]
  A bioflavonoid that strengthens vascular walls.
  
• Dioxyphenylisatin [M0015687]
  
• Diphenhydramine [M0006508]
  A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.
  
• Diphenhydramine Citrate [M0330460]
  
• Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride [M0006507]
  
• Diphenoxylate [M0006512]
  A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with atropine. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.
  
• Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride [M0006513]
  
• Diphenoxylate Monohydrochloride [M0330461]
  
• Diphenylamine [M0006515]
  In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.
  
• Diphergan [M0017712]
  
• Diphtheria Antitoxin [M0006521]
  An antitoxin produced against the toxin of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that is used for the treatment of DIPHTHERIA.
  
• Diphtheria Toxoid [M0006523]
  The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine [M0114017]
  A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. This is used in place of DTP vaccine (DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE) when PERTUSSIS VACCINE is contraindicated.
  
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines [M0272463]
  Combined vaccines consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and an acellular form of PERTUSSIS VACCINE. At least five different purified antigens of B. pertussis have been used in various combinations in these vaccines.
  
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine [M0024109]
  A vaccine consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and whole-cell PERTUSSIS VACCINE. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.
  
• Dipidolor [M0352603]
  
• Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate [M0029246]
  
• Diprazin [M0017713]
  
• Diprenorphine [M0006529]
  A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.
  
• Diprenorphine Hydrochloride [M0330462]
  
• Diprivan [M0024131]
  
• Dipropyl Acetate [M0022503]
  
• Dipterex [M0352155]
  
• Dipyridamole [M0006533]
  A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)
  
• Dipyrone [M0006535]
  A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE. Because of the risk of serious adverse effects its use is justified only in serious situations where no alternative is available or suitable. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p13)
  
• Diquinol [M0485378]
  
• Dirigestran [M0012449]
  
• Disadine [M0017407]
  
• Disalan [M0351066]
  
• Disinfectants, Contact Lens [M0027931]
  
• Disipal [M0015457]
  
• Disodium Calcitetracemate [M0363996]
  
• Disodium Phosphonoacetate [M0016685]
  
• Disopyramide [M0006581]
  A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.
  
• Disopyramide Monohydrochloride [M0330466]
  
• Disopyramide Phosphate [M0330465]
  
• Disopyramide Phosphate (1:1), (+-)-Isomer [M0330472]
  
• Disopyramide Phosphate (1:1), (R)-Isomer [M0330474]
  
• Disopyramide Phosphate (1:1), (S)-Isomer [M0330473]
  
• Disopyramide, (+-)-Isomer [M0330467]
  
• Disopyramide, (R)-Isomer [M0330469]
  
• Disopyramide, (S)-Isomer [M0330470]
  
• Disopyramide, D-Tartrate (1:1), (S)-Isomer [M0330471]
  
• Disopyramide, L-Tartrate (1:1), (R)-Isomer [M0330475]
  
• Disopyramide, L-Tartrate (1:1), (S)-Isomer [M0330476]
  
• Disopyramide, L-Tartrate (1:2), (+-)-Isomer [M0330468]
  
• Disopyramide, L-Tartrate, (S)-isomer [M0330464]
  
• Disorat [M0350566]
  
• Dispril [M0351707]
  
• Distannous EDTA [M0007066]
  
• Disthelm [M0431892]
  
• Distilb�ne [M0485064]
  
• Distolon [M0351841]
  
• Distraneurin [M0004157]
  
• Distreptase [M0020586]
  
• Disulfiram [M0006600]
  A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.
  
• Disulfoton [M0006608]
  An organothiophosphate insecticide.
  
• Disulone [M0372339]
  
• Ditak [M0353783]
  
• Dithiazanine [M0006610]
  3-Ethyl-2-(5-(3-ethyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-1,3- pentadienyl)benzothiazolium. A benzothiazole that was formerly used as an antinematodal agent and is currently used as a fluorescent dye.
  
• Dithiazanine Iodide [M0006611]
  
• Dithiothreitol [M0006621]
  A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.
  
• Dithizone [M0006622]
  Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes.
  
• Dithrocream [M0484995]
  
• Ditilin [M0351526]
  
• Ditiocarb [M0006349]
  A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of man and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.
  
• Ditiocarb Sodium [M0331390]
  
• Ditiocarb, Ammonium Salt [M0331393]
  
• Ditiocarb, Bismuth Salt [M0331395]
  
• Ditiocarb, Lead Salt [M0331394]
  
• Ditiocarb, Potassium Salt [M0331396]
  
• Ditiocarb, Sodium Salt, Trihydrate [M0331392]
  
• Ditiocarb, Tin(4+) Salt [M0331391]
  
• Ditiocarb, Zinc Salt [M0006350]
  
• Ditranol FNA [M0484994]
  
• Ditrimine [M0351703]
  
• Diucardin [M0353606]
  
• Diulo [M0350909]
  
• Diuramide [M0000131]
  
• Diuretics [M0006624]
  Agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function.
  
• Diuretics, Osmotic [M0006626]
  Compounds that increase urine volume by increasing the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine. Osmotic diuretics also increase the osmolarity of plasma.
  
• Diuretics, Thiazide [M0006628]
  Diuretics characterized as analogs of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide. All have a common mechanism of action and differ primarily in the dose required to produce a given effect. They act directly on the kidney to increase the excretion of sodium chloride and water and also increase excretion of potassium ions.
  
• Divalproex Sodium [M0329594]
  
• Divascol [M0021629]
  
• Dixarit [M0004613]
  
• Dizan [M0006613]
  
• Dizocilpine [M0329461]
  
• Dizocilpine Maleate [M0024898]
  A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.
  
• DL-8280 [M0333650]
  
• dl-APV [M0024152]
  
• DMH [M0485129]
  
• DNA Synthesis Inhibitors [M0028848]
  
• Dobendan [M0003975]
  
• Dobica [M0467163]
  
• Dobrofen [M0478662]
  
• Dobucor [M0485249]
  
• Dobuject [M0485248]
  
• Dobutamin Fresenius [M0485247]
  
• Dobutamin Hexal [M0485246]
  
• Dobutamin Solvay [M0485245]
  
• Dobutamin-ratiopharm [M0485255]
  
• Dobutamina Inibsa [M0485253]
  
• Dobutamina Rovi [M0485252]
  
• Dobutamine [M0006696]
  A beta-2 agonist catecholamine that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia. It is proposed as a cardiotonic after myocardial infarction or open heart surgery.
  
• Dobutamine (+)-Isomer [M0330491]
  
• Dobutamine Hydrobromide [M0330494]
  
• Dobutamine Hydrochloride [M0330490]
  
• Dobutamine Lactobionate [M0330484]
  
• Dobutamine Phosphate (1:1) Salt, (-)-Isomer [M0330486]
  
• Dobutamine Tartrate [M0330483]
  
• Dobutamine Tartrate (1:1), (R-(R*,R*))-Isomer [M0330485]
  
• Dobutamine, (-)-Isomer [M0330492]
  
• Dobutamine, Phosphate (1:1) Salt (+)-Isomer [M0330487]
  
• Dobutrex [M0006697]
  
• DOCA [M0006086]
  
• Docatone [M0485261]
  
• Dociton [M0350581]
  
• Dogmatil [M0350881]
  
• Dolanaest [M0465186]
  
• Dolantin [M0369442]
  
• Dolargan [M0013425]
  
• Dolcontral [M0369441]
  
• Dolin [M0369440]
  
• Dolipol [M0476642]
  
• Dolo Visano M [M0473970]
  
• Dolobid [M0006368]
  
• Dolophine [M0013544]
  
• Dolorex [M0466363]
  
• Dolosal [M0369439]
  
• Dolsin [M0369438]
  
• Domical [M0433249]
  
• Domidon [M0492508]
  
• Domperidon AL [M0492507]
  
• Domperidon Hexal [M0492506]
  
• Domperidon Stada [M0492505]
  
• Domperidon-TEVA [M0492504]
  
• Domperidona Gamir [M0492503]
  
• Domperidone [M0006752]
  A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.
  
• Domperidone Maleate [M0330403]
  
• Domperidone Maleate (1:1) [M0330402]
  
• Domperidone Monohydrochloride [M0330401]
  
• Dona [M0483109]
  
• Donalgin [M0362051]
  
• Donix [M0464800]
  
• Dontisanin [M0463077]
  
• Dopaflex [M0463388]
  
• Dopamet [M0474248]
  
• Dopamine [M0006756]
  One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from tyrosine and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
  
• Dopamine Agents [M0023499]
  Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
  
• Dopamine Agonists [M0027733]
  Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.
  
• Dopamine Antagonists [M0027734]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup.
  
• Dopamine Hydrochloride [M0006757]
  
• Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors [M0028098]
  Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.
  
• Dopar [M0463389]
  
• Dopegyt [M0371003]
  
• Dopergine [M0463975]
  
• Dopram [M0006781]
  
• Doreperol [M0449827]
  
• Doriden [M0373002]
  
• Dormalon [M0476755]
  
• Dormicum [M0013842]
  
• Dormicum Brand of Nitrazepam [M0476756]
  
• Dormileno [M0454557]
  
• Dormin [M0351273]
  
• Dormo-Puren [M0476757]
  
• Doryl [M0467369]
  
• Dothiepin [M0006770]
  A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.
  
• Dothiepin Hydrochloride [M0331397]
  
• DOX-SL [M0392705]
  
• Doxa-Puren [M0485269]
  
• Doxacor [M0485268]
  
• Doxagamma [M0485292]
  
• Doxamax [M0485291]
  
• Doxapram [M0006779]
  A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225)
  
• Doxapram Hydrochloride [M0006780]
  
• Doxatensa [M0485290]
  
• Doxazomerck [M0485289]
  
• Doxazosin [M0026251]
  A selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker that lowers serum CHOLESTEROL. It is also effective in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.
  
• Doxazosin AL [M0485288]
  
• Doxazosin Mesylate [M0329258]
  
• Doxazosin Monohydrochloride [M0329257]
  
• Doxepin [M0006782]
  A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.
  
• Doxil [M0006786]
  
• Doxium [M0351827]
  
• DOXO-cell [M0479792]
  
• Doxolem [M0479784]
  
• Doxorubicin [M0006784]
  Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.
  
• Doxorubicin Hexal [M0479791]
  
• Doxorubicin Hydrochloride [M0006787]
  
• Doxorubicin NC [M0479789]
  
• Doxorubicina Ferrer Farm [M0479788]
  
• Doxorubicina Funk [M0479787]
  
• Doxorubicina Tedec [M0479786]
  
• Doxorubicine Baxter [M0479785]
  
• Doxotec [M0479795]
  
• Doxylamine [M0006795]
  Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.
  
• Drafilyn [M0432690]
  
• Drakeol [M0013896]
  
• Dramamine [M0006439]
  
• Dramanate [M0485128]
  
• Drapolene [M0350980]
  
• Drenural [M0465166]
  
• Droncit [M0353768]
  
• Drontsit [M0361635]
  
• Droperidol [M0006807]
  A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)
  
• Droxaryl [M0351233]
  
• Droxidopa [M0023229]
  A precursor of noradrenaline that is used in the treatment of parkinsonism. The racemic form (DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine) has also been used, and has been investigated in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension. There is a deficit of noradrenaline as well as of dopamine in Parkinson's disease and it has been proposed that this underlies the sudden transient freezing seen usually in advanced disease. Administration of DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine has been claimed to result in an improvement in this phenomenon but controlled studies have failed to demonstrate improvement. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
  
• Droxidopa, (DL-Tyr)-Isomer [M0331216]
  
• Drug Combinations [M0006823]
  Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.
  
• Drug Residues [M0006839]
  Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.
  
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal [M0006858]
  Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.
  
• Drugs, Essential [M0028324]
  Drugs considered essential to meet the health needs of a population as well as to control drug costs. (World Health Organization Action Programme on Essential Drugs, 1994, p3)
  
• Drugs, Generic [M0025275]
  Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.
  
• Drugs, Investigational [M0023868]
  Drugs which have received FDA approval for human testing but have yet to be approved for commercial marketing. This includes drugs used for treatment while they still are undergoing clinical trials (Treatment IND). The main heading includes drugs under investigation in foreign countries.
  
• Drugs, Non-Prescription [M0006860]
  Drugs that can be sold legally without a prescription.
  
• Drugs, Orphan [M0015451]
  
• Drylin [M0024008]
  
• DTIC-Dome [M0005638]
  
• DU-21220 [M0019135]
  
• DU-23000 [M0025398]
  
• Duaxol [M0352571]
  
• Dulcilarmes [M0475328]
  
• Dulcolax [M0352313]
  
• duofem [M0463414]
  
• Duogastrone [M0353613]
  
• DuP-753 [M0029401]
  
• Duphalac [M0012187]
  
• Duphaston [M0006901]
  
• Dur-Elix [M0465038]
  
• durabronchal [M0447117]
  
• duracoron [M0474434]
  
• duradermal [M0465112]
  
• durafenat [M0478146]
  
• Duralozam [M0464801]
  
• Duramorph [M0369450]
  
• Duranest [M0007924]
  
• Durapatite [M0027020]
  The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
  
• Duraphyllin [M0432709]
  
• duraspiron [M0475747]
  
• durazanil [M0477486]
  
• Duromine [M0016534]
  
• Durrax [M0372532]
  
• Durvitan [M0466582]
  
• Dusodril [M0353183]
  
• Duvadilan [M0011808]
  
• Duvaline [M0352570]
  
• Duvoid [M0460104]
  
• Dydrogesterone [M0006900]
  A synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit ovulation.
  
• Dyflos [M0352134]
  
• Dylix [M0485296]
  
• Dylox [M0352154]
  
• Dymelor [M0352361]
  
• Dynacil [M0482929]
  
• Dynacirc [M0372659]
  
• Dyneric [M0004588]
  
• Dynexan-MHP [M0050855]
  
• Dyphylline [M0006910]
  A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.
  
• Dyrenium [M0353784]
  
• Dysman [M0473890]
  
• Dysport [M0460678]
  
• E-250 [M0351220]
  
• EAC [M0432616]
  
• Easprin [M0001868]
  
• Eatan [M0476758]
  
• Ebixa [M0474759]
  
• Ebola Vaccines [M0452769]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER.
  
• Ebromin [M0452000]
  
• Ebucin [M0351615]
  
• Echothiophate Iodide [M0006980]
  A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.
  
• Ecolid [M0353366]
  
• Econazole [M0006989]
  A broad spectrum antimycotic with some action against Gram positive bacteria. It is used topically in dermatomycoses also orally and parenterally.
  
• Econazole Nitrate [M0330414]
  
• Ecotrin [M0001873]
  
• Edecrin [M0007813]
  
• Edemox [M0431650]
  
• Edetate Disodium Calcium [M0007061]
  
• Edetates [M0007075]
  
• Edetic Acid [M0007067]
  A chelating agent (CHELATING AGENTS) that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.
  
• Edetic Acid, Calcium Salt [M0330427]
  
• Edetic Acid, Calcium, Sodium Salt [M0330426]
  
• Edetic Acid, Chromium Salt [M0330421]
  
• Edetic Acid, Dipotassium Salt [M0330419]
  
• Edetic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0330416]
  
• Edetic Acid, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate [M0330423]
  
• Edetic Acid, Disodium, Monopotassium Salt [M0330420]
  
• Edetic Acid, Magnesium Salt [M0330417]
  
• Edetic Acid, Monopotassium Salt [M0330422]
  
• Edetic Acid, Monosodium Salt [M0330418]
  
• Edetic Acid, Potassium Salt [M0330424]
  
• Edetic Acid, Sodium Salt [M0330425]
  
• Edex [M0458743]
  
• Edrophonium [M0007057]
  A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.
  
• Edrophonium Bromide [M0007058]
  
• Edrophonium Chloride [M0007059]
  
• Eferox [M0463499]
  
• Efflumidex [M0478634]
  
• Effortil [M0350530]
  
• Efidac 24 [M0478180]
  
• Eflornithine [M0000787]
  An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.
  
• Eflornithine Hydrochloride [M0330745]
  
• Efortil [M0477842]
  
• Efudix [M0008632]
  
• Eglonyl [M0350880]
  
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid [M0023259]
  Important polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oils. It serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin-3 and thromboxane-3 families. A diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid lowers serum lipid concentration, reduces incidence of cardiovascular disorders, prevents platelet aggregation, and inhibits arachidonic acid conversion into the thromboxane-2 and prostaglandin-2 families.
  
• Ekilid [M0475980]
  
• ektebin [M0476057]
  
• Eldepryl [M0019603]
  
• Eldisine [M0476562]
  
• Eledoisin [M0007224]
  A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)
  
• Elenium [M0353495]
  
• Elimite [M0056339]
  
• Elixophyllin [M0362255]
  
• Elkosin [M0350931]
  
• Ellagic Acid [M0007238]
  A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye.
  
• Ellence [M0023489]
  
• Ellipticines [M0007239]
  Pyrido-CARBAZOLES originally discovered in the bark of OCHROSIA ELLIPTICA. They inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis and have immunosuppressive properties.
  
• Elmiron [M0016190]
  
• Elspar [M0001817]
  
• Eltroxin [M0463500]
  
• Eltroxine [M0024800]
  
• EMB-Hefa [M0477799]
  
• Embanox [M0351794]
  
• Embarin [M0451679]
  
• EMBAY 8440 [M0361636]
  
• Embeline [M0495696]
  
• Embeline E [M0399104]
  
• Embichin [M0013173]
  
• Embovin [M0353425]
  
• Emcyt [M0007781]
  
• EMD-33512 [M0350807]
  
• Emdar [M0434738]
  
• Emepronium [M0007264]
  A muscarinic antagonist used mainly in the treatment of urinary syndromes. It is incompletely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
  
• Emepronium Bromide [M0351160]
  
• Emergency Contraceptives [M0494742]
  High doses of contraceptive substances that can be taken before, the morning after, or up to five days after the unprotected vaginal intercourse.
  
• Emergil [M0353367]
  
• Emeside [M0477810]
  
• Emetics [M0007280]
  Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.
  
• Emetine [M0007281]
  The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in eucaryotic but not prokaryotic cells.
  
• Emetine Dihydrochloride [M0330432]
  
• Emetine Hydrochloride [M0007282]
  
• Eminase [M0024830]
  
• Emodin [M0007302]
  Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially Rhamnus frangula. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as tool in toxicity studies.
  
• Emollients [M0007304]
  Oleagenous substances used topically to soothe, soften or protect skin or mucous membranes. They are used also as vehicles for other dermatologic agents.
  
• Emovit [M0332661]
  
• EMT-966 [M0027158]
  
• EMT-967 [M0027159]
  
• Emtryl [M0352074]
  
• Emulgen 911 [M0026037]
  
• Emulgin 913 [M0026038]
  
• EN-1639A [M0014444]
  
• EN-2234A [M0352953]
  
• EN-313 [M0333636]
  
• Enalapril [M0007330]
  One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS that is used to treat hypertension.
  
• Enalapril Maleate [M0331398]
  
• Enalapril-TEVA [M0485302]
  
• Enalaprilat [M0024167]
  The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and a potent intravenously administered angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.
  
• Enalaprilat Anhydrous [M0329455]
  
• Enalaprilat Citrate, Anhydrous [M0329457]
  
• Enantone [M0025475]
  
• Enbucrilate [M0007334]
  A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.
  
• Enbucrilate, Homopolymer [M0330433]
  
• Encainide [M0025437]
  One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and myocardium.
  
• Encainide Hydrochloride [M0329408]
  
• Encainide, (+)-Isomer [M0329407]
  
• Encainide, (-)-Isomer [M0329406]
  
• Encephabol [M0018264]
  
• Enclomiphene [M0004591]
  
• Enclomiphene Citrate [M0004592]
  
• Encortone [M0351407]
  
• Encron [M0474886]
  
• Endabuse [M0352862]
  
• Endobulin [M0025516]
  
• Endoplus [M0431893]
  
• Endorphenyl [M0333706]
  
• Endosprin [M0001874]
  
• Endostatins [M0271306]
  Angiostatic proteins that are formed from proteolytic cleavage of COLLAGEN TYPE XVIII.
  
• Endoxan [M0005487]
  
• Enduramide [M0014834]
  
• Enerbol [M0018265]
  
• Enflurane [M0007446]
  An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.
  
• Enfran [M0485304]
  
• Enirant [M0485089]
  
• Enisyl [M0012837]
  
• Enkaid [M0350852]
  
• Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- [M0111607]
  An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.
  
• Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)- [M0328765]
  A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.
  
• Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine [M0024921]
  A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.
  
• Enkortolon [M0351410]
  
• Enlirane [M0485303]
  
• Enoxacin [M0023652]
  A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (FLUOROQUINOLONES) structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.
  
• Enoxacin Sesquihydrate [M0485309]
  
• Enoxaparin [M0027160]
  Low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, having a 4-enopyranosuronate sodium structure at the non-reducing end of the chain. It is prepared by depolymerization of the benzylic ester of porcine mucosal heparin. Therapeutically, it is used as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Enoximone [M0026327]
  1,3-Dihydro-4-methyl-5-(4-(methylthio)benzoyl)-2H-imidazol-2-one. A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with congestive heart failure.
  
• Enoxin [M0485308]
  
• Enoxor [M0485307]
  
• Enprostil [M0025335]
  A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers.
  
• Enprostil, (1alpha(R*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329474]
  
• Enprostil, (1alpha(R*),2beta(1E,3S*),3alpha)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329475]
  
• Enprostil, (1alpha,2alpha(1E,3S*),3beta)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329476]
  
• Enprostil, (1alpha,2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329477]
  
• Enprostil, (1R-(1(R*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329480]
  
• Enprostil, (1R-(1alpha(S*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329479]
  
• Enprostil, (1R-(1alpha,2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329478]
  
• Enprostil, (1S-(1alpha(R*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329473]
  
• Enprostil, (1S-(1alpha(S*),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha))-Isomer [M0329472]
  
• ENT-17,798 [M0352175]
  
• Entero-Diyod [M0485377]
  
• Entero-Septol [M0011658]
  
• Entero-Vioform [M0011659]
  
• Enterodez [M0017400]
  
• Enteroquinol [M0011660]
  
• Entodiba [M0485376]
  
• Enzactin [M0373254]
  
• Enzaprost F [M0023417]
  
• Enzyme Activators [M0328188]
  Compounds or factors that act on a specific enzyme to increase its activity.
  
• Enzyme Inhibitors [M0007520]
  Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
  
• Enzyme Reactivators [M0007522]
  Compounds which restore enzymatic activity by removing an inhibitory group bound to the reactive site of the enzyme.
  
• Epamin [M0016584]
  
• Epanutin [M0353241]
  
• Ephedrine [M0007539]
  An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
  
• Ephedrine Hydrochloride [M0485313]
  
• Ephedrine Renaudin [M0485312]
  
• Ephedrine Sulfate [M0485311]
  
• EPI-cell [M0485316]
  
• Epicatechin [M0003643]
  
• Epicholesterol [M0004269]
  
• Epidermal Growth Factor [M0007549]
  A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial cells.
  
• Epifrin [M0007590]
  
• Epilem [M0485315]
  
• Epimestrol [M0007581]
  A synthetic steroid with estrogenic activity.
  
• Epinephrine [M0007583]
  The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics.
  
• Epinigericin [M0014856]
  
• Epinine [M0351199]
  
• Epirizole [M0007594]
  4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.
  
• Epirubicin [M0023488]
  An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.
  
• Epirubicin Hydrochloride [M0329520]
  
• Epit Vit [M0458850]
  
• Epitelplast [M0432610]
  
• Epitol [M0354006]
  
• Epitrate [M0007584]
  
• Epivir [M0028684]
  
• EPN-300 [M0352174]
  
• Epodyl [M0351781]
  
• Epoetin Alfa [M0028770]
  This recombinant erythropoetin, a 165-amino acid glycoprotein (about 62% protein and 38% carbohydrate), regulates red blood cell production. Epoetin alfa is produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells into which the human erythropoetin gene has been inserted. (USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, 1996).
  
• Epogen [M0373310]
  
• Epontol [M0351727]
  
• Epoprostenol [M0017816]
  A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).
  
• Epoprostenol Sodium [M0017819]
  
• Epoprostenol Sodium Salt, (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-Isomer [M0329784]
  
• Eposin [M0478086]
  
• Eprex [M0028767]
  
• Epsamon [M0351466]
  
• Epsikapron [M0351465]
  
• Equanil [M0013439]
  
• Equilenin [M0007616]
  An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.
  
• Equilin [M0007618]
  An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.
  
• Eqvalan [M0331954]
  
• Eralzdin Practolol [M0017430]
  
• Ercar [M0477269]
  
• Erganton [M0485106]
  
• Ergenyl [M0351579]
  
• ergo sanol [M0485321]
  
• Ergo-Kranit [M0485320]
  
• ergobel [M0463056]
  
• Ergocalciferols [M0007651]
  Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.
  
• Ergodavur [M0485088]
  
• Ergodesit [M0352815]
  
• Ergodryl Mono [M0485322]
  
• Ergoloid Mesylates [M0007657]
  A mixture of the mesylates (methane sulfonates) of DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and the alpha- and beta-isomers of DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. The substance produces a generalized peripheral vasodilation and a fall in arterial pressure and has been used to treat symptoms of mild to moderate impairment of mental function in the elderly.
  
• Ergomar [M0485319]
  
• Ergomimet [M0354246]
  
• Ergonovine [M0007653]
  An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and vascular smooth muscle contractile properties.
  
• Ergonovine Maleate [M0069657]
  
• Ergont [M0485105]
  
• Ergosterol [M0007654]
  A steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL.
  
• Ergot Alkaloids, Hydrogenated [M0374754]
  
• ergotam von ct [M0485104]
  
• Ergotamine [M0007662]
  A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is an alpha-1 selective adrenergic agonist and is commonly used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
  
• Ergotamine Tartrate [M0330442]
  
• Ergotamine Tartrate (2:1) [M0330441]
  
• Ergotaminine [M0007663]
  
• Ergotrate [M0069656]
  
• Erinit [M0350689]
  
• Eritron [M0373269]
  
• Errolon [M0350916]
  
• Erwinase [M0001816]
  
• Erymax [M0007721]
  
• Erythrityl Tetranitrate [M0007686]
  A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1020)
  
• erythro-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylserine [M0023231]
  
• Erythropoietin, Recombinant [M0028769]
  ERYTHROPOIETIN prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
  
• Esberizid [M0459372]
  
• Escherichia coli Vaccines [M0357585]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat both enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infections.
  
• Escin [M0007735]
  Saponin occurring in the seed of the horse chestnut tree. Inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.
  
• Escitalopram [M0406596]
  S-enantiomer of citalopram.
  
• Esclama [M0476753]
  
• Esculin [M0007736]
  
• Eserine [M0351495]
  
• Esidrex [M0373034]
  
• Eskalith [M0372616]
  
• Eskazole [M0431879]
  
• Esmacen [M0434789]
  
• Esomeprazole [M0427109]
  The S-isomer of omeprazole
  
• Esperal [M0006605]
  
• Espironolactona Alter [M0475748]
  
• Espironolactona Mundogen [M0475749]
  
• Esquinon [M0352338]
  
• Estar [M0372330]
  
• Estazolam [M0007763]
  A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.
  
• Estinyl [M0007865]
  
• Estrace [M0007775]
  
• Estracyt [M0007782]
  
• Estraderm TTS [M0007774]
  
• Estradiol [M0007772]
  Generally refers to the 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries and the PLACENTA. It is also produced by the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women. The 17-alpha-isomer of estradiol binds weakly to estrogen receptors (RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN) and exhibits little estrogenic activity in estrogen-responsive tissues. Various isomers can be synthesized.
  
• Estradiol Antagonists [M0007777]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of estradiol.
  
• Estradiol Hemihydrate [M0330337]
  
• Estradiol Hemihydrate, (17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330342]
  
• Estradiol Monohydrate [M0330343]
  
• Estradiol, (+-)-Isomer [M0330446]
  
• Estradiol, (-)-Isomer [M0330338]
  
• Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330384]
  
• Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 beta)-Isomer [M0330447]
  
• Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-(+-)-Isomer [M0330336]
  
• Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-Isomer [M0330339]
  
• Estradiol, (9 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330344]
  
• Estradiol, (9 beta,17 beta)-Isomer [M0330341]
  
• Estradiol, Monosodium Salt [M0330445]
  
• Estradiol, Sodium Salt [M0330444]
  
• Estradiol-17 alpha [M0007773]
  
• Estramustine [M0007783]
  A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.
  
• Estramustine Phosphate Sodium [M0007784]
  
• Estramustinphosphate [M0007785]
  
• Estriol [M0007788]
  A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3-beta, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.
  
• Estrofan [M0023418]
  
• Estrogen Antagonists [M0007791]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogenic compounds.
  
• Estrogen Receptor Modulators [M0328117]
  Substances that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. They act as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. They can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure.
  
• Estrogenic Steroids, Alkylated [M0441916]
  Estrogenic STEROIDS with aliphatic hydrocarbon chain substitution on C17 or other position. 17-alpha-ALKYLATION renders the molecule more stable, resistant to metabolic degradation, and improves oral efficacy. Examples of synthetic alkyl estrogens include ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and MESTRANOL. Substitutions at other sites generates antiestrogenic and cytotoxic properties.
  
• Estrogens [M0007795]
  Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.
  
• Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) [M0007792]
  A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of water-soluble, conjugated estrogens derived wholly or in part from URINE of pregnant mares or synthetically from ESTRONE and EQUILIN. It contains a sodium-salt mixture of estrone sulfate (52-62%) and equilin sulfate (22-30%) with a total of the two between 80-88%. Other concomitant conjugates include 17-alpha-dihydroequilin, 17-alpha-estradiol, and 17-beta-dihydroequilin. The potency of the preparation is expressed in terms of an equivalent quantity of sodium estrone sulfate.
  
• Estrogens, Esterified (USP) [M0441790]
  A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of esterified estrogens derived from estrogen sulfates, principally from ESTRONE sulfate. Esterified estrogen content should be 75-85% of the estrone sulfate and 6-15% of the EQUILIN sulfate.
  
• Estrogens, Non-Steroidal [M0007796]
  Non-steroidal compounds with estrogenic activity.
  
• Estrogens, Synthetic [M0007797]
  Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis which possess estrogenic activity, but differ in structure from naturally occurring estrogens.
  
• Estrone [M0007798]
  An aromatized C18 steroid with a 3-hydroxyl group and a 17-ketone, a major mammalian estrogen. It is converted from ANDROSTENEDIONE directly, or from TESTOSTERONE via ESTRADIOL. In humans, it is produced primarily by the cyclic ovaries, PLACENTA, and the ADIPOSE TISSUE of men and postmenopausal women.
  
• Estrone, (+-)-Isomer [M0330349]
  
• Estrone, (8 alpha)-Isomer [M0330350]
  
• Estrone, (9 beta)-Isomer [M0330348]
  
• Estrovarin [M0369353]
  
• Estrovis [M0474988]
  
• Estrumate [M0004626]
  
• Estulic [M0350964]
  
• ET-495 [M0353383]
  
• Etambutol Llorente [M0477801]
  
• Etaminal [M0369491]
  
• Etamucine [M0357384]
  
• Etanidazole [M0026334]
  A nitroimidazole that sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells that are normally resistant to radiation therapy.
  
• Etazolate [M0007803]
  A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.
  
• Etazolate Hydrochloride [M0352608]
  
• Ethacridine [M0007806]
  A topically applied anti-infective agent.
  
• Ethacridine Lactate [M0007807]
  
• Ethacridine Lactate, Monohydrate [M0330351]
  
• Ethacridine Monohydrate [M0330352]
  
• Ethacrynate Sodium [M0330353]
  
• Ethacrynic Acid [M0007812]
  A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.
  
• Ethambutol [M0007814]
  An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)
  
• Ethambutol Hydrochloride [M0007816]
  
• Ethamide [M0350901]
  
• Ethamoxytriphetol [M0007818]
  A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist.
  
• Ethamsylate [M0007819]
  Benzenesulfonate derivative used as a systemic hemostatic.
  
• Ethanol [M0000653]
  A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
  
• Ethchlorvynol [M0007824]
  A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.
  
• Ether, Ethyl [M0007827]
  A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.
  
• Ethidium [M0007860]
  A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.
  
• Ethidium Bromide [M0007861]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol [M0007862]
  A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol Hemihydrate [M0330359]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol, (8 alpha)-Isomer [M0330361]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330357]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol, (8 alpha,9 beta,13 alpha,14 beta)-Isomer [M0330356]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol, (9 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330360]
  
• Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination [M0028741]
  ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions. It has proved to be an effective contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL, COMBINED).
  
• Ethinyl-Oestradiol Effik [M0477804]
  
• Ethinylestradiol Jenapharm [M0477805]
  
• Ethiodized Oil [M0007866]
  Ethyl ester of iodinated fatty acid of poppyseed oil. It contains 37% organically bound iodine and has been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) and as an antineoplastic agent when part of the iodine is 131-I. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Ethiodized Poppy Seed Oil [M0330362]
  
• Ethiodol [M0372412]
  
• Ethionamide [M0007869]
  A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. It also may be used for treatment of leprosy. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p868)
  
• Ethionine [M0007870]
  2-Amino-4-(ethylthio)butyric acid. An antimetabolite and methionine antagonist that interferes with amino acid incorporation into proteins and with cellular ATP utilization. It also produces liver neoplasms.
  
• Ethisterone [M0007872]
  17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.
  
• Ethmozine [M0024901]
  
• Ethodin [M0007808]
  
• Ethoform [M0351620]
  
• Ethoglucid [M0007884]
  Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.
  
• Ethopabate [M0007886]
  An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.
  
• Ethosuximide [M0007887]
  An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.
  
• Ethoxyquin [M0007889]
  Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.
  
• Ethoxzolamide [M0007890]
  A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.
  
• Ethrane [M0351796]
  
• Ethyl Adrianol [M0350529]
  
• Ethyl Biscoumacetate [M0007891]
  A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. It has actions similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p226)
  
• Ethyl Chloride [M0007893]
  A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.
  
• Ethyl Methanesulfonate [M0007896]
  An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.
  
• Ethylestrenol [M0007907]
  An anabolic steroid with some progestational activity and little androgenic effect.
  
• Ethylketocyclazocine [M0024932]
  A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming.
  
• Ethylketocyclazocine Methanesulfonate [M0024933]
  
• Ethylmorphine [M0007912]
  A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.
  
• Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride, (5alpha,6alpha)-Isomer [M0330366]
  
• Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride, Dihydrate, (5alpha,6alpha)-Isomer [M0330369]
  
• Ethylmorphine Sulfate (2:1), (5alpha,6alpha)-Isomer [M0330367]
  
• Ethylmorphine, (5alpha,6beta)-Isomer [M0330368]
  
• Ethymal [M0477817]
  
• Ethynodiol Diacetate [M0007919]
  A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive.
  
• Ethynodiol Diacetate, (17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330372]
  
• Ethyol [M0432472]
  
• Eti-Puren [M0477843]
  
• Etibi [M0477798]
  
• Etidocaine [M0007923]
  A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.
  
• Etidronate [M0020101]
  
• Etidronate Disodium [M0020099]
  
• Etidronate, Tetrapotassium Salt [M0323031]
  
• Etidronic Acid [M0020098]
  A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.
  
• etil von ct [M0477844]
  
• Etilefrin AL [M0477845]
  
• Etilefrin-ratiopharm [M0477846]
  
• Etilefrine [M0007916]
  An adrenergic agonist that appears to interact with beta-2 and some alpha adrenergic receptors. It has been used as a vasoconstrictor agent.
  
• Etilefrine Hydrochloride [M0330371]
  
• Etilefrine Pivalate Hydrochloride [M0330370]
  
• Etimizol [M0007925]
  A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug.
  
• Eto-GRY [M0478088]
  
• Etodolac [M0026281]
  A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent analgesic and antiarthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ankylosing SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).
  
• Etodolac, (+-)-Isomer [M0329289]
  
• Etodolac, (-)-Isomer [M0329290]
  
• Etodolac, (S)-Isomer [M0329291]
  
• Etodolac, Monosodium Salt [M0329286]
  
• Etodolac, Monosodium Salt, (+-) Isomer [M0329287]
  
• Etodolac, Monosodium Salt, (S)-Isomer [M0329288]
  
• Etomidate [M0007928]
  Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.
  
• Etopos [M0478092]
  
• Etoposide [M0007930]
  A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.
  
• Etoposide Pierre Fabre [M0478089]
  
• Etoposide Teva [M0478090]
  
• Etoposide, (5a alpha)-Isomer [M0330375]
  
• Etoposide, (5a alpha,9 alpha)-Isomer [M0330376]
  
• Etoposide, (5S)-Isomer [M0330374]
  
• Etoposide, alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl Isomer [M0330373]
  
• Etoposido Ferrer Farma [M0478091]
  
• Etorphine [M0007932]
  A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.
  
• Etosuximida Faes [M0477818]
  
• Etran [M0351795]
  
• Etretinate [M0007934]
  An oral retinoid used in the treatment of keratotic genodermatosis, lichen planus, and psoriasis. Beneficial effects have also been claimed in the prophylaxis of epithelial neoplasia. The compound may be teratogenic.
  
• EU-4200 [M0353382]
  
• Eucodal [M0352933]
  
• Eucoprost [M0478250]
  
• Eufibron [M0445259]
  
• Eufilina [M0432711]
  
• Eufilina Venosa [M0432710]
  
• Eugenol [M0007941]
  A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.
  
• Euglucon 5 [M0352378]
  
• Euglucon N [M0352377]
  
• Eugynon [M0351264]
  
• Euhypnos [M0021138]
  
• Eulexin [M0482786]
  
• Eunoctal [M0433375]
  
• Euphyllin Retard [M0351374]
  
• Euphylline [M0351373]
  
• Euphylong [M0021285]
  
• Eureceptor [M0350953]
  
• Eurespiran [M0447197]
  
• Eusaprim [M0024009]
  
• Euspiran [M0011784]
  
• Euthyrox [M0463502]
  
• Evazol [M0485017]
  
• Evipan [M0373019]
  
• Evista [M0333877]
  
• Ex-Lax [M0474413]
  
• Exacyl [M0476864]
  
• Excitatory Amino Acid Agents [M0027995]
  Drugs used for their actions on any aspect of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter systems. Included are drugs that act on excitatory amino acid receptors, affect the life cycle of excitatory amino acid transmitters, or affect the survival of neurons using excitatory amino acids.
  
• Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists [M0028005]
  Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.
  
• Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists [M0028006]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.
  
• Exidol [M0351641]
  
• Exitop [M0478093]
  
• Exluton [M0351288]
  
• Exogenous Calcium Channel Agonists [M0003164]
  
• Exohemagglutinins [M0010026]
  
• Exomuc [M0447200]
  
• Expectorants [M0008041]
  Agents that increase mucous excretion. Mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here.
  
• Expeflen [M0452143]
  
• Expit [M0452144]
  
• Extovyl [M0477354]
  
• Extramycin [M0373219]
  Sisomicin Sulfate
  
• Extranase [M0463230]
  
• Eyedrops [M0015328]
  
• F-6066 [M0352323]
  
• F.I. 6714 [M0352829]
  
• Fabrol [M0447203]
  
• Factor IX [M0008141]
  Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, IXa, forms a complex with factor VIII and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor X to Xa. Deficiency of factor IX results in HEMOPHILIA B (Christmas Disease).
  
• Factor VIII [M0008146]
  Blood-coagulation factor VIII. Antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. Factor VIII is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. It serves as a cofactor in factor X activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin.
  
• Factrel [M0012447]
  
• Fadrozole [M0026296]
  A selective aromatase inhibitor effective in the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease including breast cancer.
  
• Fadrozole Monohydrochloride [M0329304]
  
• Fali-Cor [M0474435]
  
• Falicard [M0022606]
  
• Falithrom [M0373203]
  
• Famel Bromhexine [M0465039]
  
• Famotidine [M0024121]
  A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.
  
• Famotidine Hydrochloride [M0329443]
  
• Fanasil [M0350925]
  
• Fanaxal [M0431913]
  
• FANFT [M0008228]
  A potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.
  
• Fareston [M0026289]
  
• Farlutal [M0026187]
  
• Farmabroxol [M0452145]
  
• Farmiblastina [M0479794]
  
• Farmorubicina [M0485317]
  
• Farnesol [M0008233]
  A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
  
• Fasigyn [M0352086]
  
• Fat Emulsions, Intravenous [M0008250]
  Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.
  
• Faustan [M0006235]
  
• Favistan [M0352358]
  
• FB b 5097 [M0353210]
  
• FC-1157a [M0026290]
  
• FCOL [M0008578]
  
• Feen-A-Mint [M0474414]
  
• Feldene [M0016900]
  
• Felo Biochemie [M0478123]
  
• Felo-Puren [M0478124]
  
• Felobeta [M0478125]
  
• Felocor [M0478126]
  
• Felodipin 1A Pharma [M0478132]
  
• Felodipin AbZ [M0478133]
  
• Felodipin AL [M0478134]
  
• Felodipin AZU [M0478135]
  
• Felodipin dura [M0478136]
  
• Felodipin Heumann [M0478148]
  
• Felodipin Stada [M0478149]
  
• felodipin von ct [M0478150]
  
• Felodipin-ratiopharm [M0478151]
  
• Felodipine [M0024118]
  A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.
  
• Felodur [M0478127]
  
• Felogamma [M0478128]
  
• Feloran [M0006289]
  
• Felviten [M0351791]
  
• Felypressin [M0008307]
  A synthetic analog of lysine vasopressin with a PHENYLALANINE substitution at residue 2. Felypressin is a vasoconstrictor with reduced antidiuretic activity.
  
• Female Fertility Agents, Synthetic [M0008374]
  
• Femulen [M0007922]
  
• Fenactil [M0354105]
  
• Fenamine [M0370892]
  
• Fenasal [M0350860]
  
• Fenbendazole [M0008324]
  Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.
  
• Fenclonine [M0015725]
  A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.
  
• Fenclonine (L)-Isomer [M0329930]
  
• Fenclonine Hydrobromide [M0329934]
  
• Fenclonine Hydrochloride [M0329933]
  
• Fenclonine, (D)-Isomer [M0329929]
  
• Fendiline [M0008325]
  Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.
  
• Fendiline Hydrochloride [M0478137]
  
• Fenfluramine [M0008328]
  A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.
  
• Fenfluramine Hydrochloride [M0008329]
  
• Fenfluramine Hydrochloride, (+-)-Isomer [M0331402]
  
• Fenfluramine Hydrochloride, R-Isomer [M0331403]
  
• Fenfluramine, (+-)-Isomer [M0331406]
  
• Fenfluramine, R-Isomer [M0331404]
  
• Fenigidin [M0369477]
  
• Fenilbutazon [M0016553]
  
• Fenilin [M0351701]
  
• Fenistil [M0006450]
  
• Fenobeta [M0478244]
  
• Fenofanton [M0478245]
  
• Fenofibrat AbZ [M0478246]
  
• Fenofibrat AL [M0478622]
  
• Fenofibrat AZU [M0478623]
  
• Fenofibrat Heumann [M0478624]
  
• Fenofibrat Hexal [M0478625]
  
• Fenofibrat Stada [M0478626]
  
• fenofibrat von ct [M0478627]
  
• Fenofibrat-ratiopharm [M0478628]
  
• F�nofibrate MSD [M0478154]
  
• Fenoldopam [M0028173]
  A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.
  
• Fenoldopam Hydrobromide [M0329177]
  
• Fenoldopam Mesylate [M0329176]
  
• Fenoprain [M0352001]
  
• Fenoprofen [M0008332]
  An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic highly bound to plasma proteins. It is pharmacologically similar to ASPIRIN, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
• Fenoprofen Calcium [M0330378]
  
• Fenoprofen, Anhydrous, Calcium Salt [M0330377]
  
• Fenoterol [M0008335]
  An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.
  
• Fenoterol Hydrobromide [M0329001]
  
• Fenoterol Hydrochloride [M0331197]
  
• Fenretinide [M0026291]
  A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.
  
• Fenretinide, 13-cis-Isomer [M0329299]
  
• Fensel [M0478129]
  
• Fentanest [M0008340]
  
• Fentanyl [M0008338]
  A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
  
• Fentanyl Citrate [M0330379]
  
• Feosol [M0477640]
  
• Feprapax [M0463978]
  
• Feraken [M0474404]
  
• Ferrous Ascorbate [M0001798]
  
• Fertility Agents [M0008371]
  Drugs used to increase fertility or to treat infertility.
  
• Fertility Agents, Female [M0008372]
  Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.
  
• Fertility Agents, Female, Hormonal [M0008373]
  
• Fertility Agents, Male [M0008375]
  Compounds which increase the capacity of the male to induce conception.
  
• Fertility Agents, Male, Hormonal [M0008376]
  
• Festinex [M0475588]
  
• FG-7051 [M0363572]
  
• FG-9065 [M0354001]
  
• FI-6934 [M0373519]
  
• Fiblaferon [M0331822]
  
• Fiboran [M0434050]
  
• Fibrates [M0457739]
  Analogs of CLOFIBRIC ACID which are useful at inhibiting PPAR ALPHA for treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.
  
• Fibrin [M0008424]
  A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.
  
• Fibrin Foam [M0008427]
  A dry artificial sterile sponge of fibrin prepared by clotting with thrombin a foam or solution of fibrinogen. It is used in conjunction with thrombin as a hemostatic in surgery at sites where bleeding cannot be controlled by more common methods. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p648)
  
• Fibrin Klebe System Immuno [M0373274]
  
• Fibrin Modulating Agents [M0473886]
  Agents that affect the function of FIBRIN in BLOOD COAGULATION. They used as COAGULANTS for HEMORRHAGE or ANTICOAGULANTS for THROMBOSIS.
  
• Fibrin Seal [M0373273]
  
• Fibrin Tissue Adhesive [M0024100]
  An autologous or commercial tissue adhesive containing FIBRINOGEN and THROMBIN. The commercial product is a two component system from human plasma that contains more than fibrinogen and thrombin. The first component contains highly concentrated fibrinogen, FACTOR VIII, fibronectin, and traces of other plasma proteins. The second component contains thrombin, calcium chloride, and antifibrinolytic agents such as APROTININ. Mixing of the two components promotes BLOOD CLOTTING and the formation and cross-linking of fibrin. The tissue adhesive is used for tissue sealing, HEMOSTASIS, and WOUND HEALING.
  
• Fibrinolytic Agents [M0008434]
  Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to fibrinolysin (PLASMIN).
  
• Fibrocid [M0016191]
  
• Fibroderm [M0432609]
  
• Fibrogammin [M0478247]
  
• Fibrospum [M0008428]
  
• Ficusin [M0008462]
  A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.
  
• Fidium [M0477345]
  
• Filaricides [M0008469]
  Pharmacological agents destructive to nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea.
  
• Filgrastim [M0028831]
  A hematopoietic growth factor which promotes proliferation and maturation of neutrophil granulocytes. Clinically it is effective in decreasing the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients with non-myeloid malignancies receiving myelosuppressive therapy or in reducing the duration of neutropenia and neutropenia-related clinical sequelae in patients with non-myeloid malignancies undergoing myeloblastive chemotherapy followed by BMT. It has also been used in AIDS patients with CMV retinitis being treated with GANCICLOVIR. (Gelman CR, Rumack BH & Hess AJ (eds): DRUGDEX(R) System. MICROMEDEX, Inc., Englewood, Colorado (Edition expires 11/30/95))
  
• Filipin I [M0008474]
  
• Filipin II [M0008475]
  
• Filipin IV [M0008476]
  
• Fimomed [M0351405]
  
• Finasteride [M0027324]
  An orally active TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
  
• Finlepsin [M0354007]
  
• Finoptin [M0373264]
  
• Fisifax [M0463057]
  
• Fivasa [M0474826]
  
• FK 33-824 [M0008530]
  
• FK-506 [M0335288]
  
• FLA 63 [M0373536]
  
• FLA-731 [M0350884]
  
• FLA-870 [M0132670]
  
• Flagyl [M0013700]
  
• Flamazine [M0350922]
  
• Flavamed [M0452177]
  
• Flavanones [M0446752]
  A group of FLAVONOIDS characterized with a 4-ketone.
  
• Flavin Mononucleotide [M0008652]
  A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.
  
• Flavin Mononucleotide Disodium Salt [M0330282]
  
• Flavin Mononucleotide Monosodium Salt [M0330280]
  
• Flavin Mononucleotide Monosodium Salt, Dihydrate [M0330283]
  
• Flavin Mononucleotide Sodium Salt [M0330281]
  
• Flavonolignans [M0446743]
  Heterodimers of FLAVONOIDS bound to LIGNANS.
  
• Flavonols [M0060378]
  A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.
  
• Flavoquine [M0433380]
  
• Flavoxate [M0008552]
  A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.
  
• Flavoxate Hydrochloride [M0008554]
  
• Flaxedil [M0008956]
  
• FLB-472 [M0132671]
  
• Fleboplast Levulosa [M0482957]
  
• Flebostasin [M0485323]
  
• Flecadura [M0478256]
  
• Flecainid-Isis [M0478257]
  
• Flecainide [M0008556]
  A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias. Paradoxically, however, in myocardial infarct patients with either symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmia, flecainide exacerbates the arrhythmia and is not recommended for use in these patients.
  
• Flecainide Acetate [M0330385]
  
• Flecainide Monoacetate, (+-)-Isomer [M0330326]
  
• Flecainide Monoacetate, (R)-Isomer [M0330269]
  
• Flecainide Monoacetate, (S)-Isomer [M0330268]
  
• Flecainide, (R)-Isomer [M0330266]
  
• Flecainide, (S)-Isomer [M0330267]
  
• Flecainide, 5-HO-N-(6-oxo)-Derivative [M0330386]
  
• Flecainide, 5-HO-N-(6-oxo)-Derivative, (+-)-Isomer [M0330383]
  
• Flecatab [M0478258]
  
• Fleet Bisacodyl [M0477472]
  
• Flegamin [M0002939]
  
• Fleroxacin [M0025289]
  A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.
  
• FLO-1347 [M0350883]
  
• Flolan [M0017820]
  
• Flopak Plain [M0467169]
  
• Florafur [M0372974]
  
• Floropryl [M0352133]
  
• Floxuridine [M0008626]
  An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.
  
• Fluanxol [M0008639]
  
• Flubron [M0465040]
  
• Fluc Hexal [M0478553]
  
• Flucinar [M0372969]
  
• Flucobeta [M0478554]
  
• FlucoLich [M0478555]
  
• Flucon [M0478635]
  
• Fluconazol AbZ [M0478556]
  
• Fluconazol AL [M0478557]
  
• Fluconazol Stada [M0478560]
  
• Fluconazol von ct [M0478561]
  
• Fluconazol-Isis [M0478562]
  
• Fluconazol-ratiopharm [M0478563]
  
• Fluconazole [M0024111]
  Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS.
  
• Flucytosine [M0008576]
  A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.
  
• Fludilat [M0351945]
  
• Fludrocortisone [M0008577]
  A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.
  
• Flufenamic Acid [M0008579]
  An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16)
  
• Flugalin [M0351585]
  
• Flugestone [M0330577]
  
• Fluimucil [M0000173]
  
• Flukanide [M0351065]
  
• Fluken [M0482791]
  
• Flulem [M0482792]
  
• Flumach [M0475750]
  
• Flumadine [M0019120]
  
• Flumazenil [M0008585]
  A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.
  
• Flumethasone [M0008586]
  An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.
  
• Flumid [M0482794]
  
• FluMist [M0454430]
  
• Flunarizine [M0008587]
  Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.
  
• Flunarizine Hydrochloride [M0330270]
  
• Flunazul [M0478564]
  
• Fluni 1A Pharma [M0478583]
  
• Flunibeta [M0478584]
  
• Flunimerck [M0478585]
  
• Fluninoc [M0478586]
  
• Flunir [M0463090]
  
• Flunitrazepam [M0008590]
  A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.
  
• Flunitrazepam-neuraxpharm [M0478587]
  
• Flunitrazepam-ratiopharm [M0478588]
  
• Flunitrazepam-Teva [M0478589]
  
• flunizep von ct [M0478590]
  
• Fluocid [M0478598]
  
• Fluocinolone Acetonide [M0008592]
  A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)
  
• Fluocinonide [M0008593]
  A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.
  
• Fluocortolone [M0008594]
  A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.
  
• Fluocortolone Caproate [M0008595]
  
• Fluocortolone Pivalate [M0008596]
  
• Fluodermo [M0478599]
  
• Fluomycin [M0485015]
  
• Fluonid [M0456345]
  
• Fluor-Op [M0478636]
  
• Fluorescein Sodium [M0354230]
  
• Fluoro-Ophtal [M0478637]
  
• Fluorodeoxyuridylate [M0008627]
  5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.
  
• Fluorometholone [M0008628]
  A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732)
  
• Fluoroplex [M0008634]
  
• Fluoropos [M0478638]
  
• Fluoroquinolones [M0372253]
  A group of QUINOLONES with at least one fluorine atom and a piperazinyl group.
  
• Fluorouracil [M0008631]
  A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.
  
• Fluorouracil Mononitrate [M0330274]
  
• Fluorouracil Monopotassium Salt [M0330275]
  
• Fluorouracil Monosodium Salt [M0330271]
  
• Fluorouracil Potassium Salt [M0330273]
  
• Fluorouracil-GRY [M0478648]
  
• Fluorouracile Dakota [M0478650]
  
• Fluorouracilo Ferrer Far [M0478649]
  
• Fluothane [M0351863]
  
• Fluotrex [M0478600]
  
• Fluoxetine [M0008635]
  The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.
  
• Fluoxetine Hydrochloride [M0351280]
  
• Fluoxymesterone [M0008638]
  An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.
  
• Flupenthixol [M0008640]
  A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)
  
• Fluphenazine [M0008641]
  A phenothiazine used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES. Its properties and uses are generally similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.
  
• Fluphenazine Hydrochloride [M0354107]
  
• Fluprednisolone [M0008643]
  A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties.
  
• Fluprowit [M0445968]
  
• Flupyrazapon [M0023147]
  
• Flupyrazopon [M0023148]
  
• Fluracedyl [M0478655]
  
• Flurandrenolone [M0008644]
  A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)
  
• Flurazepam [M0008645]
  A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.
  
• Flurazepam Hydrochloride [M0330277]
  
• Flurazepam Mono-Perchlorate [M0330278]
  
• Flurazepam Monohydrochloride [M0330279]
  
• Flurbiprofen [M0008647]
  An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase.
  
• Flurbiprofen Sodium [M0478669]
  
• Flurogestone Acetate [M0005336]
  A synthetic fluorinated steroid that is used as a progestational hormone.
  
• Flurosyn [M0478604]
  
• Flurothyl [M0008648]
  A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.
  
• Flusemide [M0463045]
  
• Flusolgen [M0478605]
  
• Fluspi [M0478673]
  
• Fluspirilen beta [M0478671]
  
• Fluspirilen Lindo [M0478672]
  
• Fluspirilene [M0008650]
  A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.
  
• Fluta 1A Pharma [M0482795]
  
• Fluta-cell [M0482796]
  
• Fluta-GRY [M0482797]
  
• Flutamide [M0008651]
  An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.
  
• Flutamin [M0482798]
  
• Flutandrona [M0482799]
  
• Flutaplex [M0482800]
  
• Flutexin [M0482801]
  
• Fluvoxadura [M0482912]
  
• Fluvoxamin AL [M0482913]
  
• Fluvoxamin beta [M0482914]
  
• Fluvoxamin Stada [M0482915]
  
• Fluvoxamin-neuraxpharm [M0482916]
  
• Fluvoxamin-ratiopharm [M0482917]
  
• Fluvoxamina Geminis [M0482918]
  
• Fluvoxamine [M0025397]
  A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is effective in the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety, panic disorders, and alcohol amnestic disorders.
  
• Fluvoxamine Maleate [M0351235]
  
• Fluvoxamine Maleate, (E)-Isomer [M0329384]
  
• Fluvoxamine, (Z)-Isomer [M0329386]
  
• Fluxema [M0459362]
  
• FMC-33297 [M0056340]
  
• FML [M0478639]
  
• FML Forte [M0478640]
  
• FML Liquifilm [M0478641]
  
• Folic Acid Antagonists [M0008662]
  Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE), which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)
  
• Foligan [M0451759]
  
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human [M0008870]
  A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
  
• Folliculin [M0369352]
  
• Follistim [M0211974]
  
• Food Orange 8 [M0351960]
  
• Fordiuran [M0465167]
  
• Formocarbine [M0478064]
  
• Formycins [M0008773]
  Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.
  
• Forneau 933 [M0373151]
  
• Forskolin [M0008777]
  Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant Coleus forskohlii. Has antihypertensive, positive ionotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
  
• Forteo [M0447534]
  
• Fortral [M0016181]
  
• Fortrigo [M0351479]
  
• Fosamax [M0028853]
  
• Foscarnet [M0026166]
  An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.
  
• Foscarnet Barium (2:3) Salt [M0329344]
  
• Foscarnet Calcium (2:3) Salt [M0329341]
  
• Foscarnet Disodium Salt [M0329346]
  
• Foscarnet Magnesium (2:3) Salt [M0329342]
  
• Foscarnet Manganese (2+) (2:3) Salt [M0329343]
  
• Foscarnet Trilithium Salt [M0329339]
  
• Foscarnet Tripotassium Salt [M0329340]
  
• Foscarnet Trisodium Salt [M0329345]
  
• Foscavir [M0351398]
  
• Foschlor [M0352153]
  
• Fosfonet Sodium [M0016686]
  
• Fosinil [M0482928]
  
• Fosinopril [M0026315]
  A phosphinic acid-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of hypertension. It is a prodrug that is converted to its active metabolite fosinoprilat.
  
• Fosinopril Sodium [M0026317]
  
• Fosinopril, (1(S*(R*)),2 alpha,4 alpha)-(D-Pro)-Isomer [M0329308]
  
• Fosinopril, (1(S*(S*)),2 alpha,4 beta)-Isomer [M0329307]
  
• Foy [M0025402]
  
• Fozitec [M0482927]
  
• FPL-59002 [M0353992]
  
• FPL-670 [M0353584]
  
• FR-860 [M0357377]
  
• FR-900506 [M0335295]
  
• Fragmin [M0027164]
  
• Fraxiparin [M0350494]
  
• Frekatuss [M0447204]
  
• Frenopect [M0452179]
  
• Fresofol [M0476033]
  
• Freund's Adjuvant [M0008843]
  An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.
  
• Froben [M0478663]
  
• Fructose [M0008855]
  A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding.
  
• Frumikal [M0475751]
  
• FT-207 [M0372973]
  
• Ftorafur [M0372972]
  
• Ftorotan [M0351862]
  
• Fucithalmic [M0008915]
  
• Fugerel [M0482802]
  
• Fungal Vaccines [M0008891]
  Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.
  
• Fungata [M0478565]
  
• Fungicides, Industrial [M0008893]
  Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.
  
• Furacilin [M0352072]
  
• Furacin [M0352071]
  
• Furadan [M0351484]
  
• Furadantine [M0014894]
  
• Furadoine [M0352070]
  
• Furadonine [M0352069]
  
• Furagin [M0008895]
  Nitrofuran derivative anti-infective agent used for urinary tract infections.
  
• Furanthril [M0350915]
  
• Furantoin [M0352068]
  
• Furantral [M0350914]
  
• Furazidin [M0352061]
  
• Furazol [M0352063]
  
• Furazolidone [M0008899]
  A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514)
  
• Furosemide [M0008900]
  A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
  
• Furosemide Monohydrochloride [M0330298]
  
• Furosemide Monosodium Salt [M0330297]
  
• Furoxone [M0352062]
  
• Fursultiamin [M0008902]
  Compound used for therapy of thiamine deficiency. It has also been suggested for several non-deficiency disorders but has not yet proven useful.
  
• Fursultiamin Hydrochloride [M0330299]
  
• Fursultiamin Monohydrochloride [M0330300]
  
• Fusaric Acid [M0008907]
  A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.
  
• Fusid [M0350913]
  
• Fusidin [M0008914]
  
• Fustermizol [M0434790]
  
• Futraful [M0372976]
  
• G-30,320 [M0354094]
  
• GABA Agents [M0027993]
  Substances used for their pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. GABAergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
  
• GABA Agonists [M0028091]
  Drugs that bind to and activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA).
  
• GABA Antagonists [M0028092]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID or GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID agonists.
  
• GABA Modulators [M0028093]
  Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here.
  
• Gabacet [M0474900]
  
• Gabexate [M0025401]
  A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.
  
• Gabexate Methanesulfonate [M0329387]
  
• Gabexate Monomethanesulfonate [M0329389]
  
• Gabexate Monomethanesulfonate, 14C-Labeled Cpd [M0329388]
  
• Galantamine [M0008951]
  A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.
  
• Galanthamine Hydrobromide [M0330309]
  
• Gallamine [M0008953]
  
• Gallamine Triethiodide [M0008954]
  A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)
  
• Gallamine Triethochloride [M0008955]
  
• Gallium EDTA [M0007069]
  
• Gallobeta [M0482976]
  
• Gallopamil [M0008964]
  Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.
  
• Gallopamil Hydrochloride [M0482974]
  
• gallopamil von ct [M0482977]
  
• Galusan [M0474778]
  
• Galzin [M0351389]
  
• Gamadiabet [M0431672]
  
• Gamanil [M0354016]
  
• Gamimune [M0025517]
  
• Gamimune N [M0025518]
  
• gamma-Fibrinogen [M0008431]
  
• gamma-Hydroxybutyrate [M0020114]
  
• gamma-Linolenic Acid [M0027133]
  An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• gamma-Linolenic Acid, Ammonium Salt [M0329141]
  
• gamma-Linolenic Acid, Cerium Salt [M0329145]
  
• gamma-Linolenic Acid, Indium Salt [M0329143]
  
• gamma-Linolenic Acid, Lithium Salt [M0329142]
  
• gamma-Linolenic Acid, Potassium Salt [M0329140]
  
• gamma-Linolenic Acid, Sodium Salt [M0329148]
  
• gamma-Linolenic Acid, Zinc Salt [M0329147]
  
• gamma-MSH [M0328126]
  An 11-amino acid peptide derived from the N-terminal fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Gamma-MSH stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis and has an regulatory role in the cardiovascular and the renal systems.
  
• Gamma-OH [M0475566]
  
• gamma-Thrombin [M0021423]
  
• gamma-Tocopherol [M0022801]
  A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.
  
• gamma1-MSH [M0014151]
  The 11-residue peptide that is fully amidated.
  
• gamma2-MSH [M0014152]
  The 11-residue peptide that is without amidation.
  
• gamma3-MSH [M0014153]
  The 11-residue peptide plus the 12-residue sequence leading to the next dibasic cleavage site at the N-terminal of the joining peptide.
  
• Gammagard [M0025519]
  
• Gammalon [M0369377]
  
• Gammonativ [M0025520]
  
• Gamulin Rh [M0373305]
  
• Ganciclovir [M0024168]
  An ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.
  
• Ganciclovir Sodium [M0024169]
  
• Ganciclovir, Monosodium Salt [M0331407]
  
• Ganglionic Blockers [M0008985]
  Agents having as their major action the interruption of neural transmission at nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Because their actions are so broad, including blocking of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, their therapeutic use has been largely supplanted by more specific drugs. They may still be used in the control of blood pressure in patients with acute dissecting aortic aneurysm and for the induction of hypotension in surgery.
  
• Ganglionic Stimulants [M0008986]
  Agents that mimic neural transmission by stimulation of the nicotinic receptors on postganglionic autonomic neurons. Drugs that indirectly augment ganglionic transmission by increasing the release or slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine or by non-nicotinic effects on postganglionic neurons are not included here nor are the nonspecific cholinergic agonists.
  
• Gantanol [M0392795]
  
• Gantrisin [M0350934]
  
• Gardenal [M0016516]
  
• Gardrin [M0351565]
  
• Gargilon [M0485014]
  
• Gascop [M0431899]
  
• Gasparol [M0352569]
  
• Gastric Agents [M0009028]
  
• Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide [M0009005]
  A gastrointestinal peptide hormone of about 43-amino acids.
  
• Gastrocure [M0492502]
  
• Gastrodia Elata Extract [M0409352]
  
• Gastrograffin [M0352441]
  
• Gastrointestinal Agents [M0009027]
  Drugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improve digestion.
  
• Gastrotsepin [M0475053]
  
• Gastrozepin [M0016895]
  
• Gastrozepin Brand of Vinblastine Sulfate [M0476539]
  
• Gebauer's Ethyl Chloride [M0477826]
  
• Gefarnate [M0009050]
  A water insoluble terpene fatty acid used in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers; it facilitates the healing and function of mucosal tissue.
  
• Gefarnil [M0351547]
  
• Gelcen [M0467349]
  
• Gelidina [M0478607]
  
• Gelofusine [M0475082]
  
• Gelopol [M0452181]
  
• Gelovit [M0433953]
  
• Gemfi 1A Pharma [M0482986]
  
• Gemfibrozil [M0023484]
  A lipid-regulating agent that lowers elevated serum lipids primarily by decreasing serum triglycerides with a variable reduction in total cholesterol. These decreases occur primarily in the VLDL fraction and less frequently in the LDL fraction. Gemfibrozil increases HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 as well as apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Its mechanism of action has not been definitely established.
  
• Gemfibrozilo Bayvit [M0482987]
  
• Gemfibrozilo Bexal [M0482988]
  
• Gemfibrozilo Ur [M0482989]
  
• Gemhexal [M0482990]
  
• Gemiton [M0004612]
  
• Gen-Amantadine [M0432298]
  
• Gen-Baclofen [M0454550]
  
• Gen-Bromazepam [M0477487]
  
• Gen-Buspirone [M0465824]
  
• Gen-Fenofibrate [M0478155]
  
• Gen-Gemfibrozil [M0482991]
  
• Gen-Gliclazide [M0483098]
  
• Gen-Nortriptyline [M0464775]
  
• Gen-Sertraline [M0475547]
  
• Gen-Temazepam [M0476079]
  
• Gen-Trazodone [M0476872]
  
• Gen-Triazolam [M0476883]
  
• Gen-Warfarin [M0476571]
  
• Genaspor [M0476663]
  
• Genotropin [M0028844]
  
• GenRX Gemfibrozil [M0482992]
  
• GenRX Moclobemide [M0474405]
  
• Gentacycol [M0009169]
  
• Gentiaanviolet FNA [M0474260]
  
• Gentian Violet [M0009174]
  A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.
  
• Genvir [M0421529]
  
• Gepharnate [M0351546]
  
• Geram [M0474902]
  
• Geref [M0372558]
  
• Gericin [M0463339]
  
• Geridium [M0474754]
  
• Geriocaine [M0017612]
  
• Germanin [M0020854]
  
• Germex [M0002325]
  
• Germine Acetates [M0009209]
  Germine derivatives acetylated on any one or more of the hydroxy groups. These compounds are present in many polyester alkaloids which occur in Veratrum and Zygadenus species. They are used as antihypertensive agents, and in some cases, exhibit curare-like activity.
  
• Germine-3-monoacetate [M0009210]
  
• Gerokit [M0017613]
  
• Geroxalen [M0474230]
  
• Gesamprim [M0353435]
  
• Gestanon [M0351225]
  
• Gestapuran [M0026192]
  
• Gestonorone Caproate [M0009215]
  A long-acting potent progestogen structurally related to PROGESTERONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1185)
  
• Gestrinone [M0009218]
  A non-estrogenic contraceptive which is a weak progestin with strong anti-progesterone properties. It is effective if used once a week orally or can also be used in intravaginal devices.
  
• Gestronol [M0009216]
  
• Getroxel [M0351478]
  
• G�vatran [M0462783]
  
• GG 167 [M0217192]
  
• Gilurtymal [M0354272]
  
• Gilustenon [M0009432]
  
• Gineflavir [M0013701]
  
• Ginipral [M0351215]
  
• Girostan [M0352207]
  
• Gladem [M0475548]
  
• Gladixol N [M0431716]
  
• Glafenine [M0009256]
  An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.
  
• Glaucarubin [M0009259]
  (1 beta,2 alpha,11 beta,12 alpha,15 beta(S))-11,20-Epoxy-1,2,11,12-tetrahydroxy-15-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxobutoxy)picras-3-en-16-one. A quassinoid (Simaroubolide) from Simaruba glauca, a tropical shrub. It has been used as an antiamebic agent and is found to be cytotoxic. It may be of use in cancer chemotherapy.
  
• Glauconide [M0477658]
  
• Glauconox [M0431651]
  
• Glaupax [M0431652]
  
• Glaxovet [M0351505]
  
• Glefos [M0474346]
  
• Glianimon [M0459375]
  
• Gliclazide [M0009266]
  An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.
  
• Gliotoxin [M0009277]
  A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.
  
• Glipizide [M0009278]
  An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.
  
• Gliporal [M0465162]
  
• Globulin-N [M0025521]
  
• GLQ-223 [M0373906]
  
• Glu-Plasminogen [M0016990]
  
• Glucagon [M0009314]
  A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)
  
• Glucal [M0351614]
  
• Glucamide [M0352366]
  
• Glucidoral [M0477274]
  
• Glucobiogen [M0351613]
  
• Gluconate de Calcium Lavoisier [M0467170]
  
• Gluconato Calc Fresenius [M0467171]
  
• Glucophage [M0013536]
  
• Glucosamine Sulfate [M0009333]
  
• Glucose Solution, Hypertonic [M0009345]
  Solution that is usually 10 percent glucose but may be higher. An isotonic solution of glucose is 5 percent.
  
• Glucotrol [M0352371]
  
• Glumida [M0458723]
  
• Glupitel [M0483104]
  
• Glutamate Agents [M0027994]
  
• Glutamate Agonists [M0028004]
  
• Glutethimide [M0009406]
  A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.
  
• Glyade [M0483099]
  
• Glyburide [M0009265]
  An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide.
  
• Glycerol [M0009417]
  A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.
  
• Glycine Agents [M0027996]
  Substances used for their pharmacological actions on glycinergic systems. Glycinergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
  
• Glycine Chenodeoxycholate [M0009453]
  
• Glycine Cholate [M0009455]
  
• Glycine Deoxycholate [M0009458]
  
• Glycine Theophyllinate [M0021286]
  
• Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid [M0009452]
  A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.
  
• Glycocholate Sodium [M0445833]
  
• Glycocholic Acid [M0009454]
  The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.
  
• Glycodeoxycholic Acid [M0009457]
  A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
  
• Glycopyrrolate [M0009495]
  A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.
  
• glycotop [M0431717]
  
• Glycyrrhetinic Acid [M0009508]
  An oleanolic acid from GLYCYRRHIZA that has some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation.
  
• Glycyrrhizic Acid [M0029245]
  A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
  
• Glyzophrol [M0350679]
  
• Go-1261 [M0021532]
  
• Godafilin [M0432712]
  
• Goitrogens [M0021474]
  
• Gold Colloid [M0027151]
  A suspension of metallic gold particles.
  
• Gold Colloid, Radioactive [M0009523]
  A suspension of radioactive gold particles emitting negative beta particles and gamma irradiation. It was formerly used for liver scans and irradiation treatment of some metastatic malignancies.
  
• Gold Disodium Thiomalate, Monohydrate [M0330219]
  
• Gold Sodium Thiomalate [M0009527]
  A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis.
  
• Gold Sodium Thiosulfate [M0020105]
  A sodium salt of gold thiosulfate. It has uses like the ORGANOGOLD COMPOUNDS.
  
• Gold Thiomalate [M0009529]
  
• Gold Thiomalic Acid [M0330220]
  
• Gold-50 [M0440881]
  
• Goldswite [M0434514]
  
• Gonabion [M0009544]
  
• Gonadorelin Acetate [M0331413]
  
• Gonadorelin Hydrochloride [M0331412]
  
• Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone [M0012446]
  A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
  
• Gonadotropins [M0009540]
  Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.
  
• Gonadotropins, Equine [M0009547]
  Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.
  
• Gonadotropins, Pituitary [M0009549]
  Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).
  
• Gonal F [M0253941]
  
• Goserelin [M0026217]
  A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.
  
• Goserelin Acetate [M0373293]
  
• Gossypol [M0009556]
  A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.
  
• Gout Suppressants [M0009558]
  Agents that increase uric acid excretion by the kidney (URICOSURIC AGENTS), decrease uric acid production (antihyperuricemics), or alleviate the pain and inflammation of acute attacks of gout.
  
• GP-121 [M0016496]
  
• GP-45,840 [M0006290]
  
• GR-109714X [M0372433]
  
• GR-43175 [M0350935]
  
• GR38032F [M0026255]
  
• Gramurin [M0353995]
  
• Granisetron [M0026935]
  A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.
  
• Granisetron Hydrochloride [M0329234]
  
• Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor, Recombinant [M0028830]
  Granulocyte colony stimulating factors prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
  
• Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factors, Recombinant [M0028835]
  Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
  
• Gravistat [M0351265]
  
• Gravol [M0485144]
  
• Gravosan [M0004589]
  
• Grisetin [M0482803]
  
• Growth Hormone [M0020156]
  A polypeptide that is secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, stimulates mitosis, cell differentiation and cell growth. Species-specific growth hormones have been synthesized.
  
• Growth Hormone, Recombinant [M0028828]
  Growth hormone (somatotropin) can be synthesized with methods of recombinant DNA technology. Since action of GH is highly species-specific, recombinant growth hormones of several species (including humans, cows, and pigs) have been developed. They have been used to stimulate growth.
  
• Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone [M0020158]
  A peptide of 44 amino acids in most species that stimulates the release and synthesis of GROWTH HORMONE. GHRF (or GRF) is synthesized by neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, GHRF stimulates GH release by the SOMATOTROPHS in the PITUITARY GLAND.
  
• Growth Inhibitors [M0009656]
  Endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (= PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS).
  
• Growth Substances [M0009659]
  Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.
  
• GS 4071 [M0282078]
  The acid form.
  
• GS 4104 [M0271579]
  The acetate prodrug of GS 4071.
  
• GTP Phosphohydrolase Activators [M0328191]
  Agents and factors that activate GTP phosphohydrolase activity.
  
• Guaiacol [M0009668]
  An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)
  
• Guaifenesin [M0009669]
  An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.
  
• Guanabenz [M0009672]
  An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.
  
• Guanabenz Acetate [M0330233]
  
• Guanazole [M0009674]
  A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.
  
• Guanethidine [M0009675]
  An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.
  
• Guanethidine Monosulfate [M0330236]
  
• Guanethidine Sulfate [M0350959]
  
• Guanethidine Sulfate (1:2) [M0330234]
  
• Guanethidine Sulfate (2:1), 14C-Labeled [M0330237]
  
• Guanfacine [M0024935]
  A centrally acting antihypertensive agent. The drug lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by activating the central nervous system alpha-2 adrenoreceptors, which results in reduced sympathetic outflow leading to reduced vascular tone. Its adverse reactions include dry mouth, sedation, and constipation.
  
• Guanfacine Hydrochloride [M0350963]
  
• Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) [M0024807]
  Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.
  
• Guanylthiourea [M0009702]
  May protect against hypoxic damage; proposed for treatment of shock due to trauma or blood loss; also stimulates paretic gastrointestinal system.
  
• Guastil [M0475981]
  
• Guggul [M0399565]
  
• Guiatuss [M0352309]
  
• Gum Arabic [M0009709]
  Powdered exudate from various Acacia species, especially A. senegal (Leguminosae). It forms mucilage or syrup in water. Gum arabic is used as a suspending agent, excipient, and emulsifier in foods and pharmaceuticals.
  
• Gurgell�sung-ratiopharm [M0485013]
  
• Gutron [M0350526]
  
• Gynergen [M0354243]
  
• Gyno-Pervaryl 150 [M0006993]
  
• Gyno-Pevaryl [M0006991]
  
• H 154-82 [M0373899]
  
• H 168-68 [M0353568]
  
• H 93-26 [M0350810]
  
• H-102-09 [M0023129]
  
• H-133-22 [M0350578]
  
• H-56-28 [M0372958]
  
• H-80-62 [M0017536]
  
• Hachemina [M0458852]
  
• Haelan [M0478578]
  
• Haemaccel [M0373157]
  
• Haemato-fu [M0478651]
  
• Haemophilus Vaccines [M0027264]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing antigenic polysaccharides from Haemophilus influenzae and designed to prevent infection. The vaccine can contain the polysaccharides alone or more frequently polysaccharides conjugated to carrier molecules. It is also seen as a combined vaccine with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.
  
• HAES-steril [M0474156]
  
• Halamid [M0476696]
  
• Halciderm [M0351534]
  
• Halcinonide [M0009756]
  A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.
  
• Halcion [M0353522]
  
• Haldol [M0009772]
  
• Halidor [M0351944]
  
• Hallucinogens [M0009763]
  Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.
  
• Halofenate [M0009769]
  An antihyperlipoproteinemic agent and uricosuric agent.
  
• Haloperidol [M0009771]
  A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in MENTAL RETARDATION and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
  
• Halotestin [M0350996]
  
• Halothane [M0009773]
  A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)
  
• Hamarin [M0451758]
  
• Hansolar [M0352360]
  
• Harmaline [M0009804]
  A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.
  
• Harmine [M0009805]
  Alkaloid isolated from seeds of Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic Parkinson disease in the 1920's.
  
• Harringtonines [M0009806]
  Tetracyclic spiro-BENZAZEPINES isolated from the seeds of CEPHALOTAXUS. They are esters of the alkaloid cephalotaxine and may be effective as antineoplastic agents.
  
• Havrix [M0203776]
  
• HB-419 [M0352376]
  
• HB-420 [M0352375]
  
• HE-111 [M0351480]
  
• Healon [M0357383]
  
• Healthsense Gemfibrozil [M0482993]
  
• Healthsense Moclobemide [M0474406]
  
• Helfergin [M0474746]
  
• Helium [M0010005]
  Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)
  
• Hematinics [M0010039]
  Agents which improve the quality of the blood, increasing the hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes. They are used in the treatment of anemias.
  
• Hematoidin [M0002497]
  
• Hematologic Agents [M0010043]
  Drugs that act on blood and blood-forming organs and those that affect the hemostatic system.
  
• Hematoporphyrin Derivative [M0026309]
  A complex mixture of monomeric and aggregated porphyrins used in the photodynamic therapy of tumors (HEMATOPORPHYRIN PHOTORADIATION). A purified component of this mixture is known as DIHEMATOPORPHYRIN ETHER.
  
• Hematran [M0477641]
  
• Hemedonin [M0010062]
  
• Hemicholinium 3 [M0010073]
  A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.
  
• Hemiton [M0004611]
  
• Hemo 141 [M0477793]
  
• Hemocaprol [M0432618]
  
• Hemoclar [M0016192]
  
• Hemodex [M0372350]
  
• Hemodialysis Solutions [M0023578]
  Solutions prepared for hemodialysis. The composition of the pre-dialysis solution may be varied in order to determine the effect of solvated metabolites on anoxia, malnutrition, acid-base balance, etc. Of principal interest are the effect of the choice of buffers (e.g., acetate or carbonate), the addition of cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+), and addition of carbohydrates (glucose).
  
• Hemofil [M0372892]
  
• Hemoglobin Substitutes [M0002720]
  
• Hemohes [M0474157]
  
• Hemostatics [M0010183]
  Agents acting to arrest the flow of blood. Absorbable hemostatics arrest bleeding either by the formation of an artificial clot or by providing a mechanical matrix that facilitates clotting when applied directly to the bleeding surface. These agents function more at the capillary level and are not effective at stemming arterial or venous bleeding under any significant intravascular pressure.
  
• Heparin [M0010187]
  A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.
  
• Heparin Antagonists [M0010190]
  Coagulant substances inhibiting the anticoagulant action of heparin.
  
• Heparin Cofactor II [M0024263]
  A sulfated plasma protein with the MW of approximately 66kDa that resembles ANTITHROMBIN III. The protein is an inhibitor of thrombin in plasma and is activated by dermatan sulfate or heparin. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.
  
• Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight [M0010191]
  Heparin fractions with a molecular weight usually between 4000 and 6000 kD. These low-molecular-weight fractions are effective antithrombotic agents. Their administration reduces the risk of hemorrhage, they have a longer half-life, and their platelet interactions are reduced in comparison to unfractionated heparin. They also provide an effective prophylaxis against postoperative major pulmonary embolism.
  
• Heparinoids [M0010193]
  Heparin derivatives. The term has also been used more loosely to include naturally occurring and synthetic highly-sulphated polysaccharides of similar structure. Heparinoid preparations have been used for a wide range of applications including as anticoagulants and anti-inflammatories and they have been claimed to have hypolipidemic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th, p232)
  
• Hepastyl [M0460093]
  
• Hepatitis A Vaccines [M0357587]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).
  
• Hepatitis B Vaccines [M0026310]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.
  
• Heporal [M0351790]
  
• Heptaminol [M0010242]
  An amino alcohol that has been used as a myocardial stimulant and vasodilator and to relieve bronchospasm. Its most common therapeutic use is in orthostatic hypotension. The mechanism of heptaminol's therapeutic actions is not well understood although it has been suggested to affect catecholamine release or calcium metabolism.
  
• Heptaminol Hydrochloride [M0330241]
  
• Herbazin-50 [M0353436]
  
• Hermesetas Gold [M0434515]
  
• Heroin [M0006166]
  A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Heroin Hydrochloride [M0330523]
  
• Herpecin-L [M0431994]
  
• Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines [M0357245]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with viruses from the genus SIMPLEXVIRUS. This includes vaccines for HSV-1 and HSV-2.
  
• Herpes Zoster Vaccine [M0491099]
  An attenuated vaccine used to prevent and/or treat HERPES ZOSTER, a disease caused by HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 3.
  
• Herpesvirus Vaccines [M0357199]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family HERPESVIRIDAE.
  
• Herpetad [M0450317]
  
• Herplex Liquifilm [M0010991]
  
• Herpofug [M0450318]
  
• Herpotern [M0450325]
  
• Herpoviric [M0450426]
  
• Hespan [M0010763]
  
• Hespercorbin [M0483110]
  
• Hetastarch [M0010761]
  A derivative of STARCH used as a plasma substitute in the treatment of hemorrhage.
  
• Hetrazan [M0351489]
  
• Hewedolor-Procain [M0475888]
  
• Hexachlorophene [M0010306]
  A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)
  
• Hexadimethrine [M0010307]
  A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist.
  
• Hexadrol [M0372345]
  
• Hexalen [M0432189]
  
• Hexalense [M0432619]
  
• Hexamethonium [M0028070]
  A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.
  
• Hexamethonium Bitartrate [M0329165]
  
• Hexamethonium Bromide [M0028071]
  
• Hexamethonium Chloride [M0028072]
  
• Hexamethonium Dibromide [M0329167]
  
• Hexamethonium Dibromide Dihydrate [M0329166]
  
• Hexamethonium Dichloride Dihydrate [M0329164]
  
• Hexamethonium Dihydroxide [M0329168]
  
• Hexamethonium Diiodide [M0329173]
  
• Hexamethonium Dimethylsulfate [M0329169]
  
• Hexamethonium Diperchlorate [M0329171]
  
• Hexamethonium Iodide [M0028073]
  
• Hexamethonium Monotartrate [M0329172]
  
• Hexamine Silver [M0013567]
  
• Hexastat [M0432190]
  
• Hexenal [M0373018]
  
• Hexestrol [M0010318]
  A synthetic estrogen that has been used as a hormonal antineoplastic agent.
  
• Hexestrol, (R*,R*)-(+-)-Isomer [M0330244]
  
• Hexestrol, (R*,S*)-Isomer [M0330245]
  
• Hexestrol, (R-(R*,R*))-Isomer [M0330243]
  
• Hexestrol, (S-(R*,R*))-Isomer [M0330242]
  
• Hexetidine [M0010320]
  A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)
  
• Hexinawas [M0432191]
  
• Hexobarbital [M0010321]
  A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.
  
• Hexobendine [M0010324]
  A potent vasoactive agent that dilates cerebral and coronary arteries, but slightly constricts femoral arteries, without any effects on heart rate, blood pressure or cardiac output.
  
• Hexoprenaline [M0010329]
  Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.
  
• Hexoprenaline Sulfate [M0351214]
  
• Hexylresorcinol [M0010341]
  A substituted dihydroxybenzene that is used topically as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor skin infections.
  
• Hidroferol [M0466590]
  
• High Ceiling Diuretics [M0471886]
  
• Hiperlex [M0482931]
  
• Hirudin [M0010382]
  A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.
  
• Hirudins [M0465835]
  Single-chain polypeptides of about 65 amino acids (7 kDa) from LEECHES that have a neutral hydrophobic N terminus, an acidic hydrophilic C terminus, and a compact, hydrophobic core region. Recombinant hirudins lack tyr-63 sulfation so are referred to as 'desulfato-hirudins'. They form a stable non-covalent complex with ALPHA-THROMBIN, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave FIBRINOGEN.
  
• Hisfedin [M0476193]
  
• Hismanal [M0025304]
  
• Histacryl [M0351404]
  
• Histalog [M0002441]
  
• Histametizyn [M0013179]
  
• Histamine Agents [M0027736]
  Drugs used for their actions on histaminergic systems. Included are drugs that act at histamine receptors, affect the life cycle of histamine, or affect the state of histaminergic cells.
  
• Histamine Agonists [M0026465]
  Drugs that bind to and activate histamine receptors. Although they have been suggested for a variety of clinical applications histamine agonists have so far been more widely used in research than therapeutically.
  
• Histamine Antagonists [M0010393]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. Classical antihistaminics block the histamine H1 receptors only.
  
• Histamine H1 Agonists [M0026463]
  
• Histamine H1 Antagonists [M0010395]
  Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.
  
• Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating [M0419330]
  A class of non-sedating drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. These antihistamines represent a heterogenous group of compounds with differing chemical structures, adverse effects, distribution, and metabolism. Compared to the early (first generation) antihistamines, these non-sedating antihistamines have greater receptor specificity, lower penetration of BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, and are less likely to cause drowsiness or psychomotor impairment.
  
• Histamine H2 Agonists [M0026464]
  
• Histamine H2 Antagonists [M0010396]
  Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine. Their clinically most important action is the inhibition of acid secretion in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers. Smooth muscle may also be affected. Some drugs in this class have strong effects in the central nervous system, but these actions are not well understood.
  
• Histamine H3 Agonists [M0026462]
  
• Histaminos [M0434791]
  
• Histapyridamine [M0369514]
  
• Histerone [M0476212]
  
• Histidinol [M0010402]
  The penultimate step in the pathway of histidine biosynthesis. Oxidation of the alcohol group on the side chain gives the acid group forming histidine. Histidinol has also been used as an inhibitor of protein synthesis.
  
• Histodil [M0350952]
  
• Histoplasmin [M0010433]
  
• HIV Core Protein p24 [M0025378]
  A major core protein of the human immunodeficiency virus encoded by the HIV gag gene. HIV-seropositive individuals mount a significant immune response to p24 and thus detection of antibodies to p24 is one basis for determining HIV infection by ELISA and Western blot assays. The protein is also being investigated as a potential HIV immunogen in vaccines.
  
• HIV Entry Inhibitors [M0458359]
  
• HIV Fusion Inhibitors [M0365995]
  Inhibitors of the fusion of HIV to host cells, preventing viral entry. This includes compounds that block attachment of HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120 to CD4 RECEPTORS.
  
• HIV Integrase Inhibitors [M0028904]
  Inhibitors of HIV INTEGRASE, an enzyme required for integration of viral DNA into cellular DNA.
  
• HIV Protease Inhibitors [M0026300]
  Inhibitors of HIV PROTEASE, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly.
  
• HIV Vaccines [M0025742]
  
• Hivid [M0024533]
  
• HMG Lepori [M0473965]
  
• HMG Massone [M0473966]
  
• Hoe-280 [M0333651]
  
• Hoe-40045 [M0372315]
  
• HOE-498 [M0361649]
  
• HOE-766 [M0369272]
  
• Hoe-893d [M0016116]
  
• Hoe-984 [M0014948]
  
• HOE-BAY-946 [M0164970]
  
• Hoechst 33258 [M0353558]
  
• Holoxan [M0351953]
  
• Homeopathic Remedies [M0332588]
  
• Horacort [M0029423]
  
• Hormone Antagonists [M0010537]
  Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
  
• Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists [M0010540]
  A collective grouping for both naturally occurring and synthetic hormones, substitutes, and antagonists.
  
• HS-592 [M0004555]
  
• Hubermizol [M0434792]
  
• Huma-Zolamide [M0431654]
  
• Human Growth Hormone [M0028842]
  A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.
  
• Human Papillomavirus Vaccines [M0498131]
  
• Humate-P [M0008150]
  
• Humatrope [M0028843]
  
• Humegon [M0013389]
  FSH:LH = 1:1
  
• Humibid [M0352308]
  
• Humulin [M0011414]
  
• Humulin S [M0011415]
  
• Hurricaine [M0351619]
  
• Hustentabs-ratiopharm [M0465028]
  
• Hyaluronan [M0357381]
  
• Hyaluronic Acid [M0010664]
  A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the umbilical cord, in vitreous humor, in synovial fluid, in pathologic joints, in group A and C hemolytic streptococci, and in Wharton's jelly. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.
  
• Hyaluronoglucosaminidase [M0010666]
  An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)
  
• Hyamine 1622 [M0002340]
  
• Hyatt-C [M0008148]
  
• Hybrin [M0001802]
  
• Hycamtin [M0352657]
  
• Hycanthone [M0010671]
  Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.
  
• Hycodan [M0450397]
  
• Hydantol [M0016585]
  
• Hydergine [M0007661]
  
• Hydiphen [M0004599]
  
• Hydopa [M0474249]
  
• Hydralazine [M0010676]
  A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.
  
• Hydralazine Hydrochloride [M0010678]
  
• Hydralazine mono-Hydrochloride [M0330256]
  
• Hydrangin [M0022242]
  
• Hydrate [M0485143]
  
• Hydrea [M0010791]
  
• Hydrochlorothiazide [M0010703]
  A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.
  
• Hydrocholeretics [M0004223]
  
• Hydrocodeinonebitartrate [M0010706]
  
• Hydrocodone [M0010704]
  Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.
  
• Hydrocodone Tartrate (1:1), Hydrate (2:5) [M0330257]
  
• Hydrocolloids [M0004803]
  
• Hydrocon [M0010705]
  
• Hydrocortisone [M0010707]
  The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.
  
• Hydrocortisone, (11 alpha)-Isomer [M0330259]
  
• Hydrocortisone, (9 beta,10 alpha,11 alpha)-Isomer [M0330258]
  
• HydroDIURIL [M0373033]
  
• Hydroflumethiazide [M0010713]
  A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822)
  
• Hydrogen Peroxide [M0010718]
  A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.
  
• Hydromedin [M0351755]
  
• Hydromorphone [M0006409]
  An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.
  
• Hydromorphone Hydrochloride [M0352944]
  
• Hydroxocobalamin [M0010744]
  Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.
  
• Hydroxyamphetamine Hydrobromide [M0015730]
  
• Hydroxychloroquine [M0010751]
  A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)
  
• Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate [M0330264]
  
• Hydroxycodeinon [M0352931]
  
• Hydroxyestrones [M0010760]
  Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.
  
• Hydroxyethylrutoside [M0010765]
  Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.
  
• Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors [M0028567]
  Compounds that inhibit HMG-CoA reductases. They have been shown to directly lower cholesterol synthesis.
  
• Hydroxyphenylazouracil [M0010774]
  Inhibitor of DNA replication in gram-positive bacteria.
  
• Hydroxyprogesterones [M0010776]
  Metabolites or derivatives of PROGESTERONE with hydroxyl group substitution at various sites.
  
• Hydroxypropiophenone [M0010780]
  
• Hydroxytryptophan [M0010788]
  
• Hydroxyurea [M0010790]
  An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.
  
• Hydroxyzine [M0010792]
  A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.
  
• Hydroxyzine Dihydrochloride [M0331417]
  
• Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride [M0010795]
  
• Hydroxyzine Pamoate [M0331416]
  
• Hygromycin B [M0010798]
  Aminoglycoside produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It is used as an anthelmintic against swine infections by large roundworms, nodular worms, and whipworms.
  
• Hygroton [M0004216]
  
• Hymecromone [M0010801]
  A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in analytical chemistry for the determination of nitric acid.
  
• Hyperstat [M0006243]
  
• Hypertensin [M0372297]
  
• Hypertonic Solutions [M0010873]
  Solutions that have a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.
  
• Hypnomidate [M0007929]
  
• Hypnotics [M0010884]
  
• Hypnotics and Sedatives [M0010885]
  Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.
  
• Hypocholesteremic Agents [M0001379]
  
• Hypoglycemic Agents [M0010903]
  Agents which lower the blood glucose level.
  
• Hypolipidemic Agents [M0001459]
  
• Hypothiazide [M0373032]
  
• Hypotonic Solutions [M0010949]
  Solutions that have a lesser osmotic pressure than a reference solution such as blood, plasma, or interstitial fluid.
  
• Hyskon [M0006121]
  
• Hysteps [M0016517]
  
• Hytuss [M0352307]
  
• Hyvisc [M0357380]
  
• Ibaril [M0351300]
  
• Ibogaine [M0010963]
  One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.
  
• Ibumetin [M0010971]
  
• Ibuprofen [M0010965]
  A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the therapy of rheumatism and arthritis.
  
• Ibuprofen I.V. Solution [M0010967]
  
• Ibuprofen, (+-)-Isomer [M0330152]
  
• Ibuprofen, (R)-Isomer [M0330151]
  
• Ibuprofen, (S)-Isomer [M0330150]
  
• Ibuprofen, Aluminum Salt [M0330155]
  
• Ibuprofen, Calcium Salt [M0330153]
  
• Ibuprofen, Copper (2+) Salt [M0330156]
  
• Ibuprofen, Magnesium Salt [M0330154]
  
• Ibuprofen, Potassium Salt [M0330158]
  
• Ibuprofen, Sodium Salt [M0330149]
  
• Ibuprofen, Zinc Salt [M0330157]
  
• Ibuprofen-Zinc [M0010966]
  
• Icar [M0477642]
  
• Icavex [M0474461]
  
• ICI-118587 [M0350803]
  
• ICI-118630 [M0373292]
  
• ICI-33,828 [M0352394]
  
• ICI-35,868 [M0352337]
  
• ICI-46474 [M0021026]
  
• ICI-47699 [M0021027]
  
• ICI-50172 [M0350576]
  
• ICI-55695 [M0351462]
  
• ICI-58,834 [M0022669]
  
• ICI-66082 [M0350539]
  
• ICI-69653 [M0351965]
  
• ICI-80,966 [M0351574]
  
• ICN-1229 [M0373211]
  
• ICRF-159 [M0363546]
  
• ICRF-186 [M0018536]
  
• ICRF-187 [M0363573]
  
• Idalprem [M0464802]
  
• Idaptan [M0476913]
  
• Idarubicin [M0023493]
  An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias, together with the potential for reduced cardiac toxicity.
  
• Idarubicin Hydrochloride [M0023495]
  
• Idazoxan [M0028778]
  An alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist. It has been used experimentally to test the binding activity of other chemicals.
  
• Idoxuridine [M0010989]
  An analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent.
  
• Idoxuridine, 123I-Labeled [M0331421]
  
• Idoxuridine, 125I-Labeled [M0331418]
  
• Idoxuridine, 131I-Labeled [M0331419]
  
• Idoxuridine, 3H-Labeled [M0331420]
  
• Idril [M0462895]
  
• Ifa Norex [M0432373]
  
• Ifosfamide [M0010999]
  Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.
  
• Ikaran [M0485103]
  
• Ikorel [M0463084]
  
• Ildamen [M0015668]
  
• Iletin [M0011416]
  
• Illicit Drugs [M0020562]
  
• Iloprost [M0024894]
  An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.
  
• Ilozyme [M0474887]
  
• Ilube [M0447375]
  
• Imadorm [M0476759]
  
• Imap [M0478674]
  
• imeson [M0476760]
  
• Imfergen [M0477644]
  
• Imferon [M0353691]
  
• IMI-28 [M0350665]
  
• IMI-30 [M0023494]
  
• Imidazoles [M0011048]
  Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).
  
• Imidocarb [M0011050]
  One of ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS used especially against BABESIA in livestock. Toxicity has been reported.
  
• Imidocarb Hydrochloride [M0330159]
  
• Imigran [M0027394]
  
• Iminase [M0433989]
  
• Imipramine [M0011056]
  The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.
  
• Imipramine Hydrochloride [M0330160]
  
• Immunoconjugates [M0028142]
  Combinations of diagnostic or therapeutic substances linked with specific immune substances such as IMMUNOGLOBULINS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; or ANTIGENS. Often the diagnostic or therapeutic substance is a radionuclide. These conjugates are useful tools for specific targeting of DRUGS and RADIOISOTOPES in the CHEMOTHERAPY and RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY of certain cancers.
  
• Immunoglobulins [M0011122]
  Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.
  
• Immunoglobulins, Intravenous [M0025515]
  Immunoglobulin preparations used in intravenous infusion, containing primarily IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. They are used to treat a variety of diseases associated with decreased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels including pediatric AIDS; primary HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; SCID; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS infections in transplant recipients, LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC; Kawasaki syndrome, infection in neonates, and IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA.
  
• Immunosuppressive Agents [M0011171]
  Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.
  
• Immunotoxins [M0001373]
  Semisynthetic conjugates of various toxic molecules, including RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES and bacterial or plant TOXINS, with specific immune substances such as IMMUNOGLOBULINS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; and ANTIGENS. The antitumor or antiviral immune substance carries the toxin to the tumor or infected cell where the toxin exerts its poisonous effect.
  
• Imodium [M0012695]
  
• Imperon [M0353690]
  
• Imposil [M0353689]
  
• Impromidine [M0026470]
  A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.
  
• Impromidine Hydrochloride [M0329223]
  
• Impromidine Oxalate (1:2) [M0329222]
  
• Imunovir [M0011779]
  
• Imuran [M0002066]
  
• Imurel [M0002067]
  
• Imuthiol [M0353984]
  
• Inapsine [M0006808]
  
• Indapamide [M0011207]
  A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole. It is called a thiazide-like diuretic but structure is different enough (lacking the thiazo-ring) so it is not clear that the mechanism is comparable.
  
• Inderal [M0017777]
  
• Indinavir [M0028961]
  A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.
  
• Indinavir Sulfate [M0329078]
  
• Indium-DTPA [M0006867]
  
• Indocid [M0011242]
  
• Indocin [M0353731]
  
• Indoklon [M0351782]
  
• Indole Alkaloids [M0377033]
  Group of alkaloids containing a benzylpyrrole group (derived from TRYPTOPHAN)
  
• Indomet 140 [M0353733]
  
• Indomethacin [M0011240]
  A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
  
• Indomethacin Hydrochloride [M0330169]
  
• Indoprofen [M0011252]
  A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21)
  
• Indoramin [M0011253]
  A hypotensive agent with some anti-arrhythmic effects.
  
• Infanrix [M0272461]
  
• Infecto-Flu [M0432299]
  
• InFed [M0477645]
  
• Infedipin [M0369476]
  
• Infex [M0432312]
  
• Inflammation Mediators [M0028191]
  The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).
  
• Influenza Vaccines [M0011310]
  Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both killed or attenuated vaccines. The composition of the vaccines is changed each year in response to antigenic shifts and changes in prevalence of influenza virus strains. The vaccine is usually bivalent or trivalent, containing one or two INFLUENZAVIRUS A strains and one INFLUENZAVIRUS B strain.
  
• Infukoll [M0006122]
  
• Inhibace [M0373297]
  
• Inimur [M0463095]
  
• Iniprol [M0011911]
  
• Inocor [M0372292]
  
• Inosine [M0011366]
  A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Inosine Diphosphate [M0011368]
  An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.
  
• Inosine Pranobex [M0011778]
  An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine used in the treatment of a variety of viral infections. Unlike other antiviral agents, it acts by modifying or stimulating cell-mediated immune processes rather than acting on the virus directly.
  
• Insecticides, Organothiophosphate, Antagonists [M0004300]
  
• Insidon [M0015336]
  
• Insogen [M0478303]
  
• Insta-Char [M0478065]
  
• Insulin [M0011417]
  A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
  
• Insulin Antagonists [M0011425]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of insulin.
  
• Insulin Novo Monotard [M0392724]
  
• Insulin, Globin Zinc [M0011419]
  
• Insulin, Isophane [M0011436]
  A modified form of insulin that contains protamine and zinc. Isophane insulin is an intermediate-acting INSULIN with time of onset of 2 hours and duration of 24 hours.
  
• Insulin, Lente [M0011437]
  Sterile suspension, in a buffered water medium, of insulin modified by the addition of zinc chloride in a manner such that the solid phase of the suspension consists of a mixture of crystals and amorphous material in a ratio of approximately 7:3. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p4888)
  
• Insulin, Lente, Monocomponent [M0392725]
  
• Insulin, Long-Acting [M0465327]
  Insulin formulation containing substance which delays or retards time period of the absorption of insulin.
  
• Insulin, Monotard [M0392723]
  
• Insulin, Protamine Zinc [M0011440]
  A long-acting, modified form of INSULIN containing protamine and zinc. Its duration of action lasts up to 36 hours.
  
• Insulin, Protamine Zinc, Beef-Pork [M0423929]
  
• Insulin, Regular, Beef-Pork [M0423851]
  
• Insulin, Regular, Human [M0423852]
  
• Insulin, Regular, Pork [M0423949]
  
• Insulin, Semilente [M0011438]
  
• Intal [M0006578]
  
• Integrase Inhibitors [M0028905]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of integrase.
  
• Intensain [M0004399]
  
• Intercordin [M0004400]
  
• Interferon Alfa, Recombinant [M0023690]
  
• Interferon Alfa-2a [M0023693]
  A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with lysine at position 23 and histidine at position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent.
  
• Interferon Alfa-2b [M0023695]
  A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acid residues with arginine in position 23 and histidine in position 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent.
  
• Interferon Alfa-2c [M0328205]
  A recombinant alfa interferon consisting of 165 amino acids with arginine at positions 23 and 34. It is used extensively as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent.
  
• Interferon Alfa-n1 [M0025713]
  
• Interferon Beta, Recombinant [M0331755]
  
• Interferon gamma-1b [M0329535]
  
• Interferon gamma-2a [M0331836]
  
• Interferon Inducers [M0011488]
  Agents that promote the production and release of interferons. They include mitogens, lipopolysaccharides, and the synthetic polymers Poly A-U and Poly I-C. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa have been also known to induce interferons.
  
• Interferon Type I [M0011489]
  Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA).
  
• Interferon Type I, Recombinant [M0023692]
  A type I interferon with antiviral and antineoplastic activity produced by recombinant DNA technology. It can be a mixture of alpha and beta interferons.
  
• Interferon Type II [M0011490]
  The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon (INTERFERON TYPE I) and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease.
  
• Interferon-alpha [M0025711]
  One of the type I interferons (INTERFERON TYPE I) produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells when exposed to live or inactivated virus, double-stranded RNA, or bacterial products. It is the major interferon produced by virus-induced leukocyte cultures and, in addition to its pronounced antiviral activity, it causes activation of NK cells.
  
• Interferon-beta [M0025715]
  One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. It is a cytokine with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulating activity.
  
• Interferon-gamma, Recombinant [M0023697]
  A type II interferon produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is similar to the interferon secreted by lymphocytes and has antiviral and antineoplastic activity.
  
• Interferons [M0011491]
  Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions.
  
• Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein [M0148648]
  A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of INFLAMMATION and FEVER. Several isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA.
  
• Interpore-200 [M0027022]
  
• Interpore-500 [M0027023]
  
• Intraglobin [M0025522]
  
• Intraglobin F [M0025523]
  
• Intralipid [M0372963]
  
• Intrinsic Factor [M0011611]
  A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of Vitamin B 12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.
  
• Intron A (Interferon) [M0023696]
  
• Intropin [M0351191]
  
• Invirase [M0353771]
  
• Iobenguane (131I) [M0029375]
  
• Iodine [M0011640]
  A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.
  
• Iodoacetates [M0011651]
  Iodinated derivatives of acetic acid. Iodoacetates are commonly used as alkylating sulfhydryl reagents and enzyme inhibitors in biochemical research.
  
• Iodophors [M0011665]
  Complexes of iodine and non-ionic SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS acting as carrier and solubilizing agent for the iodine in water. Iodophors usually enhance bactericidal activity of iodine, reduce vapor pressure and odor, minimize staining, and allow wide dilution with water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Iodoquinol [M0006424]
  One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.
  
• Ioduro Potasico Rovi [M0475306]
  
• Ionamine [M0016535]
  
• Ionol (BHT) [M0352316]
  A term used in Russian literature for BHT that has no relationship to IONONES.
  
• Ionomycin [M0024145]
  A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.
  
• Ionophores [M0011677]
  Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.
  
• Iosat [M0475307]
  
• iota-Carrageenan [M0003556]
  
• Ioxeol [M0350709]
  
• IP-82 [M0351733]
  
• Ipecac [M0011696]
  A syrup made from the dried rhizomes of two different species, CEPHAELIS ipecacuanha and C. acuminata. They contain EMETINE, cephaeline, psychotrine and other ISOQUINOLINES. Ipecac syrup is used widely as an emetic acting both locally on the gastric mucosa and centrally on the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
  
• Ipradol [M0010330]
  
• Ipratropium [M0014399]
  A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.
  
• Ipratropium Bromide [M0330049]
  
• Ipratropium Bromide, (endo,anti)-Isomer [M0330051]
  
• Ipratropium Bromide, (exo,syn)-Isomer [M0330052]
  
• Ipratropium Bromide, endo-Isomer [M0330050]
  
• Iprindole [M0011703]
  A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)
  
• Iproniazid [M0011704]
  An irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase types A and B that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has also been used as an antitubercular agent, but its use is limited by its toxicity.
  
• Ipronidazole [M0011705]
  An antihistomonal agent with low toxicity. It also promotes growth and feed utilization in poultry.
  
• Irgasan DP 300 [M0021946]
  
• Irium [M0350673]
  
• Iron Chelating Agents [M0011721]
  Organic chemicals that form two or more coordination links with an iron ion. Once coordination has occurred, the complex formed is called a chelate. The iron-binding porphyrin group of hemoglobin is an example of a metal chelate found in biological systems.
  
• Iron-Dextran Complex [M0011724]
  A complex of ferric oxyhydroxide with dextrans of 5000 to 7000 daltons in a viscous solution containing 50 mg/ml of iron. It is supplied as a parenteral preparation and is used as a hematinic. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1292)
  
• Isadrine [M0350516]
  
• Isatin [M0011733]
  An indole-dione that is obtained by oxidation of indigo blue. It is a MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR and high levels have been found in urine of PARKINSONISM patients.
  
• Isavir [M0451649]
  
• ISCOMs [M0025686]
  A formulation for presenting an antigen to induce specific immunologic responses. It consists of an assembly of antigens in multimeric form. The assembly is attached to a matrix with a built-in adjuvant, saponin. ISCOMs induce strong serum antibody responses, and are used as highly immunogenic forms of subunit vaccines.
  
• Ismelin [M0350958]
  
• Iso-Bid [M0011796]
  
• Isoacitretin [M0026181]
  
• Isoamitil Sedante [M0433376]
  
• Isobarin [M0009676]
  
• Isocaine [M0473975]
  
• Isocarboxazid [M0011750]
  An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)
  
• Isocodeine [M0004702]
  
• Isocrin [M0473944]
  
• Isodine [M0017408]
  
• Isodinit [M0011797]
  
• Isoephedrine [M0007540]
  
• Isoetharine [M0011760]
  Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.
  
• Isoetharine Mesylate [M0011761]
  
• Isoetretin [M0026179]
  
• Isoflurane [M0011763]
  A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.
  
• Isoflurophate [M0011764]
  An irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor with actions similar to those of echothiophate. It is a powerful miotic used mainly in the treatment of glaucoma. Its vapor is highly toxic and it is recommended that only solutions in arachis oil be used therapeutically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p1330)
  
• Isogaine [M0473976]
  
• Isogel [M0018064]
  
• Isoglaucon [M0004610]
  
• Isoket [M0011792]
  
• Isoket Retard-120 [M0011790]
  
• Isomak R [M0011798]
  
• Isomeride [M0008330]
  
• Isonal [M0433377]
  
• Isonex [M0351799]
  
• Isoniazid [M0011772]
  Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.
  
• Isophane Insulin, Beef [M0423934]
  
• Isophane Insulin, Beef-Pork [M0423753]
  
• Isophane Insulin, Human [M0423933]
  
• Isophane Insulin, Pork [M0423932]
  
• Isopilocarpine [M0016857]
  
• Isoprinosin [M0331926]
  
• Isopromedol [M0017700]
  
• Isopromethazine [M0017704]
  
• Isoproterenol [M0011781]
  Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.
  
• Isoproterenol Hydrochloride [M0011782]
  
• Isoproterenol Sulfate [M0011783]
  
• Isopto Carbachol [M0467354]
  
• Isopto Cetamide [M0475860]
  
• Isopto Hyoscine [M0475513]
  
• Isoptocarpine [M0016858]
  
• Isordil [M0011793]
  
• Isosorbide [M0011786]
  1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.
  
• Isosorbide Dinitrate [M0011788]
  A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.
  
• Isothiuronium [M0011802]
  An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.
  
• Isotonic Solutions [M0011804]
  Solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood serum, or another solution with which they are compared. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Isotrate [M0011791]
  
• Isotretinoin [M0023831]
  A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.
  
• Isotretinoin Zinc Salt, 13-cis-Isomer [M0329538]
  
• Isoxsuprine [M0011809]
  A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.
  
• Isoxsuprine Hydrochloride [M0011810]
  
• Ispaghula [M0018071]
  
• Ispaghule Gum [M0018069]
  
• Isradipine [M0026221]
  A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for vascular smooth muscle. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.
  
• Isradipine, (+-)-Isomer [M0329376]
  
• Isradipine, (R)-Isomer [M0329374]
  
• Isradipine, (S)-Isomer [M0329375]
  
• Isuprel [M0350515]
  
• Itraconazole [M0027131]
  One of the triazole ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes resulting in impairment of ERGOSTEROL synthesis. It has been used against histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis & aspergillosis.
  
• Itrop [M0353022]
  
• Iveegam [M0025524]
  
• Ivermectin [M0011815]
  A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.
  
• Ivofol [M0476034]
  
• Ivomec [M0331955]
  
• Ixecur [M0352391]
  Tradename for beta-Aminoethylisothiuronium Bromide
  
• Izadrin [M0350514]
  
• Izoptin [M0022607]
  
• Janimine [M0011057]
  
• Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines [M0357284]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE).
  
• Jatrosom [M0476867]
  
• JB-11 [M0353847]
  
• Jellin [M0478608]
  
• Jenacystein [M0447376]
  
• Jenapurinol [M0451711]
  
• Jenaspiron [M0475752]
  
• Jestryl [M0003325]
  
• Jezil [M0482994]
  
• JM-8 [M0328876]
  
• Jod beta [M0475308]
  
• Jodetten Henning [M0475309]
  
• Jodgamma [M0475310]
  
• Jodid [M0475315]
  
• Jodid dura [M0475311]
  
• Jodid Hexal [M0475312]
  
• Jodid Verla [M0475313]
  
• Jodid-ratiopharm [M0475314]
  
• Jomax [M0465104]
  
• Justac [M0017439]
  
• Jutanorm [M0475999]
  
• Jutapress [M0463340]
  
• K-1900 [M0352081]
  
• K-315 [M0350691]
  
• K-4024 [M0352370]
  
• K-Strophanthidin [M0020621]
  
• KABI 2161 [M0351718]
  
• Kabi-2165 [M0357376]
  
• Kabikinase [M0020581]
  
• Kabivitrum [M0020587]
  
• Kaempferols [M0446750]
  A group of FLAVONOLS based on kaempferol. They are derived from naringenin and can be hydroxylated to QUERCETIN or reduced to leucopelargonidin.
  
• Kainate [M0011892]
  
• Kainic Acid [M0011891]
  (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.
  
• Kalium-Can.-ratiopharm [M0475128]
  
• Kallidin [M0011893]
  A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.
  
• Kallidin Tetraacetate [M0330195]
  
• Kallidin, (D)-Isomer [M0330194]
  
• Kallikreins [M0011897]
  Proteolytic enzymes from the serine endopeptidase family found in normal blood and urine. Specifically, Kallikreins are potent vasodilators and hypotensives and increase vascular permeability and affect smooth muscle. They act as infertility agents in men. Three forms are recognized, PLASMA KALLIKREIN (EC 3.4.21.34), TISSUE KALLIKREIN (EC 3.4.21.35), and PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (EC 3.4.21.77).
  
• Kalma [M0432032]
  
• Kalma Brand of Tryptophan [M0477041]
  
• Kaluril [M0432517]
  
• Kanamycin A [M0011918]
  
• Kanokonlit [M0351403]
  
• Kaolin [M0011925]
  The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: "high ridge"), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
  
• kappa-Carrageenan [M0003557]
  
• Karaya Gum [M0011928]
  Polysaccharide gum from Sterculia urens (STERCULIA). It is used as a suspending or stabilizing agent in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; a bulk-forming laxative; a surgical lubricant and adhesive; and in the treatment of skin ulcers.
  
• Kardiamed [M0431718]
  
• Karsil [M0019875]
  
• Katrum [M0467350]
  
• KB-53 [M0357810]
  
• Kelfizine [M0475900]
  
• Kemadren [M0475952]
  
• Kemadrin [M0017637]
  
• Kenacort A [M0021901]
  
• Kenalin [M0476026]
  
• Kenalog [M0021898]
  
• Kenalog 40 [M0021902]
  
• Kenesil [M0463283]
  
• Keoflo [M0373244]
  starch
  
• Kepinol [M0024010]
  
• Kepinol Forte [M0024002]
  
• Keratolytic Agents [M0011969]
  Agents that soften, separate, and cause desquamation of the cornified epithelium or horny layer of skin. They are used to expose mycelia of infecting fungi or to treat corns, warts, and certain other skin diseases.
  
• Kerecide [M0010993]
  
• Kerlone [M0024180]
  
• Kestrone [M0477787]
  
• Ketalar [M0011981]
  
• Ketamine [M0011982]
  A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.
  
• Ketamine Hydrochloride [M0351823]
  
• Ketanest [M0351822]
  
• Ketanserin [M0011983]
  A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.
  
• Ketaset [M0351821]
  
• Ketoconazole [M0011987]
  Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
  
• Ketoprofen [M0011996]
  An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
  
• Ketorolac [M0112721]
  A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
  
• Ketorolac Tromethamine [M0140754]
  A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.
  
• Ketostix [M0475561]
  
• Ketotifen [M0012002]
  A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.
  
• Ketotifen Fumarate [M0361710]
  
• Kexiping [M0017277]
  
• Khellin [M0012004]
  A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024)
  
• Khinozol [M0353877]
  
• Kidney Plasminogen Activator [M0022397]
  
• Kidrolase [M0434511]
  
• Kineret [M0475846]
  
• Kinetin [M0047855]
  A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.
  
• Kinevac [M0373218]
  
• kivat [M0478675]
  
• KL-255 [M0350545]
  
• Klariderm [M0478609]
  
• Klofelin [M0004609]
  
• Kloromin [M0478181]
  
• Klostilbegit [M0004587]
  
• klysma Sorbit [M0475710]
  
• KO-1173 [M0013718]
  
• Kohle-Compretten [M0478109]
  
• Kohle-Hevert [M0478110]
  
• Kohle-Pulvis [M0478111]
  
• Kohle-Tabletten Boxo-Pharm [M0478112]
  
• Kollidon [M0351815]
  
• Konakion [M0016827]
  
• Koretal [M0333668]
  
• Kortancyl [M0351412]
  
• Kriptin [M0473998]
  
• Kristallviolett-L�sung [M0474261]
  
• Kryptocur [M0012450]
  
• Ku-Zyme [M0474888]
  
• Kutaja [M0120518]
  Bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica.
  
• KWD-2019 [M0021176]
  
• KWD-2033 [M0350577]
  
• Kwell [M0002335]
  
• Kwells [M0475514]
  
• Kynurenate [M0012092]
  
• Kynurenic Acid [M0012091]
  A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.
  
• Kytril [M0026936]
  
• L-3428 [M0353573]
  
• L-364,718 [M0353443]
  
• L-714,465 [M0350584]
  
• L-735 524 [M0372271]
  
• l-Amphetamine [M0001013]
  
• L-Dromoran [M0354265]
  
• l-Methorphan [M0006141]
  
• L-S 519 [M0353490]
  
• L-Thyrox [M0463506]
  
• L-Thyroxin beta [M0463503]
  
• L-Thyroxin Henning [M0463504]
  
• L-Thyroxine Roche [M0463505]
  
• L-Tryptophan-ratiopharm [M0477042]
  
• Labetalol [M0012098]
  Blocker of both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors that is used as an antihypertensive.
  
• Labetalol Hydrochloride [M0463248]
  
• Labosept [M0485018]
  
• Laciken [M0450427]
  
• Lacophtal [M0475338]
  
• Lacri-Stulln [M0475339]
  
• Lactaid [M0372302]
  
• Lactogest [M0477143]
  
• Lactrase [M0477144]
  
• Lactulose [M0012186]
  A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887)
  
• Laetrile [M0352055]
  
• Lagodeoxycholic Acid [M0005995]
  
• lambda-Carrageenan [M0003558]
  
• Laminaria Tents [M0012192]
  
• Lamivudine [M0028682]
  A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.
  
• Lamivudine, (2S-cis)-Isomer [M0329185]
  
• Lampit [M0352066]
  
• Lamprene [M0004580]
  
• Lanacordin [M0485081]
  
• Lanatosides [M0012199]
  Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)
  
• Lanicor [M0485080]
  
• Lanirapid [M0474839]
  
• Lanitop [M0351183]
  
• Lanoxicaps [M0372351]
  
• Lanoxin [M0006387]
  
• Lantamed [M0447377]
  
• Largactil [M0004199]
  
• Lariam [M0024164]
  
• Laridal [M0434793]
  
• Larodopa [M0012435]
  
• Laroxyl [M0338111]
  
• Larylin Husten-L�ser [M0452001]
  
• Lasalocid [M0012243]
  Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.
  
• Lasan [M0484993]
  
• Lasix [M0008901]
  
• Lasolvan [M0000856]
  
• Lastet [M0478094]
  
• Laubeel [M0464803]
  
• Laudacon [M0361690]
  
• Lavisa [M0478566]
  
• Laxagetten [M0477473]
  
• Laxanin [M0477474]
  
• Laxans-ratiopharm [M0477475]
  
• Laxatives [M0003656]
  
• Laxatone [M0474415]
  
• Laxbene [M0477476]
  
• Laxysat B�rger [M0477697]
  
• LB-46 [M0373879]
  
• Lealgin [M0016523]
  
• Lebic [M0454549]
  
• Lebopride [M0475982]
  
• Lecibral [M0463046]
  
• Lectil [M0477346]
  
• Ledakrin [M0373115]
  
• Leftose [M0014213]
  
• Legalon [M0019876]
  
• Legatrim [M0475005]
  
• Leioderm [M0473945]
  
• Leios [M0442665]
  
• Lemakalim [M0353590]
  
• Lemblastine [M0476540]
  
• Lentinan [M0012355]
  Polysaccharide isolated from the edible mushroom LENTINULA EDODES. The exact composition is unknown.
  
• Lentizol [M0000976]
  
• Leo 640 [M0354015]
  
• Leo-1031 [M0351880]
  
• Leo-275 [M0351238]
  
• Leponex [M0354009]
  
• Leprostatic Agents [M0012360]
  Substances that suppress Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorate the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduce the incidence and severity of leprous reactions.
  
• Lerivon [M0354021]
  
• Lescot [M0024011]
  
• Lethidrone [M0014440]
  
• Leucovorin [M0004519]
  The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as its calcium salt as an antidote to folic acid antagonists which block the conversion of folic acid to folinic acid.
  
• Leucovorin, (D)-Isomer [M0330670]
  
• Leucovorin, (DL)-Isomer [M0330668]
  
• Leucovorin, (R)-Isomer [M0330674]
  
• Leucovorin, (S)-Isomer [M0330673]
  
• Leucovorin, Calcium (1:1) Salt [M0330667]
  
• Leucovorin, Calcium (1:1) Salt, (DL)-Isomer [M0330672]
  
• Leucovorin, Calcium (1:1) Salt, (S)-Isomer [M0330675]
  
• Leucovorin, Calcium (1:1) Salt, Pentahydrate [M0330671]
  
• Leucovorin, Monopotassium Salt, (S)-Isomer [M0330666]
  
• Leucovorin, Monosodium Salt [M0330669]
  
• Leucovorin, Monosodium Salt, (S)-Isomer [M0330665]
  
• Leukeran [M0004119]
  
• Leukotriene Antagonists [M0029733]
  A class of drugs designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level.
  
• Leuprolide [M0025473]
  A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.
  
• Leuprolide Acetate [M0329431]
  
• Leuprolide Monoacetate [M0329430]
  
• Leuprolide, (DL-Leu)-Isomer [M0329429]
  
• Leuprolide, (L-Leu)-Isomer [M0329428]
  
• Leupurin [M0352353]
  
• Leustatin [M0373300]
  
• Levalbuterol [M0359590]
  The R-isomer of albuterol.
  
• Levalbuterol Hydrochloride [M0359592]
  
• Levallorphan [M0012429]
  An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)
  
• Levamisole [M0012431]
  An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)
  
• Levamisole Hydrochloride [M0330203]
  
• Levanxol [M0021139]
  
• Levaquin [M0483118]
  Trade name for levofloxacin.
  
• Levcromakalim [M0329132]
  
• Levo-Dromoran [M0463419]
  
• Levo-T [M0463507]
  
• Levobunolol [M0003033]
  A nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma.
  
• Levobunolol Hydrochloride [M0350563]
  
• Levodopa [M0012434]
  The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.
  
• Levofloxacin [M0329513]
  
• Levomethadyl Acetate Hydrochloride [M0013547]
  
• Levomethorphan [M0006139]
  
• Levomycetin [M0004128]
  
• Levonor [M0363613]
  
• Levonorgestrel [M0025734]
  A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.
  
• Levopa [M0351195]
  
• Levophed [M0363752]
  
• Levopropoxyphene [M0017769]
  
• Levorphanol [M0012437]
  A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.
  
• Levorphanol Tartrate [M0012439]
  
• Levothroid [M0463508]
  
• Levothyroid [M0373368]
  
• L�vothyrox [M0463512]
  
• Levothyroxin Deladande [M0463509]
  
• Levothyroxine Sodium [M0373450]
  
• Levoxine [M0373451]
  
• Levoxyl [M0378850]
  
• Levulan [M0455973]
  
• Levulosa Baxter [M0482958]
  
• Levulosa Braun [M0482959]
  
• Levulosa Ife [M0482960]
  
• Levulosado Bieffe Medit [M0482961]
  
• Levulosado Vitulia [M0482962]
  
• Lexir [M0352864]
  
• Lexotan [M0002930]
  
• LF-178 [M0351584]
  
• Librium [M0004134]
  
• Librochin prikkelhoest [M0464785]
  
• Licorice [M0009510]
  
• Lidex [M0351296]
  
• Lidocaine [M0012483]
  A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of procaine but its duration of action is shorter than that of bupivacaine or prilocaine.
  
• Lidocaine Carbonate (2:1) [M0330207]
  
• Lidocaine Hydrocarbonate [M0012485]
  
• Lidocaine Hydrochloride [M0012489]
  
• Lidocaine Monoacetate [M0330206]
  
• Lidocaine Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate [M0330208]
  
• Lidocaine Sulfate (1:1) [M0330205]
  
• Lidoflazine [M0012491]
  Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.
  
• Lidol [M0013426]
  
• Ligament-Fimomed [M0351402]
  
• Lilly 81929 [M0363611]
  
• Lilly 96791 [M0369270]
  
• Lilly-110140 [M0008637]
  
• Lin-Buspirone [M0465828]
  
• Lin-Megestrol [M0473933]
  
• Lin-Pravastatin [M0475486]
  
• Lincil [M0463047]
  
• Lincocin [M0012524]
  
• Lincomycin A [M0012523]
  
• Lindocetyl [M0447379]
  
• Lingraine [M0485318]
  
• Lioresal [M0002118]
  
• Lipanthyl [M0351583]
  
• Liparison [M0478156]
  
• Lipazil [M0482995]
  
• Lipemol [M0475487]
  
• Liplat [M0475488]
  
• Lipomin [M0432374]
  
• Liposomal Doxorubicin [M0417713]
  Liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin.
  
• Lipotropic Agents [M0012602]
  Endogenous factors or drugs that act on fat metabolism by hastening the removal of or decreasing the deposit of fat in the liver. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p951)
  
• Lipotropic Drugs [M0012603]
  
• Lipotropic Factors [M0012604]
  
• Lipox [M0460117]
  
• Lipox Gemfi [M0482996]
  
• Lipoxygenase Inhibitors [M0025661]
  Compounds or agents that combine with lipoxygenase and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of the eicosanoid products hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and various leukotrienes.
  
• Lipram [M0474889]
  
• Liquaemin [M0376235]
  
• Liquamar [M0373202]
  
• Liqui-Char [M0478066]
  
• Liquid Pred [M0351413]
  
• Liquifilm Tears [M0350694]
  
• Liquimeth [M0369444]
  
• Liquoid [M0351832]
  
• Lisator [M0352568]
  
• Liserdol [M0474176]
  
• Lisinopril [M0026771]
  One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.
  
• Lisinopril Maleate (1:1) [M0329233]
  
• Lisinopril Sulfate (1:2) [M0329232]
  
• Liskantin [M0475724]
  
• Lisuride [M0012616]
  An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN AGONISTS).
  
• Lisuride Hydrochloride [M0330084]
  
• Lisuride Maleate [M0330082]
  
• Lisuride Maleate, (8beta)-Isomer [M0330086]
  
• Lisuride Mesylate [M0330085]
  
• Lisuride Phosphate (1:1) [M0330087]
  
• Lisuride, (8alpha)-(+-)-Isomer [M0330081]
  
• Litarek [M0482997]
  
• Lithane [M0372615]
  
• Lithium [M0012622]
  Lithium. An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight 6.94. Salts of lithium are used in treating manic-depressive disorders.
  
• Lithium Bicarbonate [M0373104]
  
• Lithium Carbonate [M0025374]
  A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.
  
• Lithium Chloride [M0027208]
  A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.
  
• Lithobid [M0372614]
  
• Lithocholate [M0012624]
  
• Lithocholic Acid [M0012623]
  A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.
  
• Lithonate [M0025376]
  
• Lithotabs [M0372613]
  
• Liver Extracts [M0012648]
  Extracts of liver tissue containing uncharacterized specific factors with specific activities; a soluble thermostable fraction of mammalian liver is used in the treatment of pernicious anemia.
  
• Livesan [M0478157]
  
• Lixacol [M0474827]
  
• LMF CY-216 [M0350493]
  
• Lobeline [M0012663]
  An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation.
  
• Lobeline Sulfate [M0463946]
  
• Locapred [M0485030]
  
• Lodine [M0026282]
  
• Lodosin [M0351198]
  
• Lodrane [M0362254]
  
• Lofepramine [M0012673]
  A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.
  
• Lofepramine Hydrochloride [M0330088]
  
• Lofibra [M0478147]
  
• Loitin [M0478567]
  
• Lomidine [M0350938]
  
• Lomine [M0477664]
  
• Lomir [M0372657]
  
• Lomont [M0463979]
  
• Lomper [M0474733]
  
• Lomustine [M0012676]
  An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
  
• Lon798 [M0350962]
  
• Longdigox [M0431719]
  
• Loniten [M0013917]
  
• Lonol [M0477225]
  
• Loop Diuretics [M0471885]
  
• Loperamide [M0012692]
  One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.
  
• Loperamide Hydrochloride [M0330089]
  
• Lophakomp-Procain N [M0475889]
  
• Lopid [M0023485]
  
• Lopirin [M0338109]
  
• Lopressor [M0350813]
  
• Lopurin [M0353788]
  
• Lorajmine [M0000614]
  
• Loratadine [M0026329]
  A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.
  
• lorazep von ct [M0464804]
  
• Lorazepam [M0012696]
  A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.
  
• Lorazepam Intensol [M0464805]
  
• Lorazepam Medical [M0464806]
  
• Lorazepam-neuraxpharm [M0464807]
  
• Lorazepam-ratiopharm [M0464808]
  
• Lorelco [M0353862]
  
• Lorfan [M0012430]
  
• Losartan [M0029400]
  An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.
  
• Losartan Potassium [M0351838]
  
• Lotrimin [M0004645]
  
• Lovastatin [M0012707]
  A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.
  
• Lovastatin, (1 alpha(S*))-Isomer [M0330091]
  
• Lovastatin, 1 alpha-Isomer (without R*/S* notation) [M0330090]
  
• Lovenox [M0357375]
  
• Loxapine [M0012711]
  An antipsychotic agent used in schizophrenia.
  
• Loxapine Monohydrochloride [M0330094]
  
• Loxen [M0463042]
  
• Loxipine Maleate [M0330092]
  
• Loxipine Succinate [M0330093]
  
• Loxitane [M0354079]
  
• Loxuran [M0351488]
  
• LS-121 [M0353182]
  
• Lu-10-171 [M0351278]
  
• Lucanthone [M0012715]
  One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46)
  
• Lucanthone Hydrochloride [M0012718]
  
• Lucenfal [M0463043]
  
• Lucidil [M0458708]
  
• Ludiomil [M0013020]
  
• Lufyllin [M0353823]
  
• Lullamin [M0351272]
  
• Luminal [M0016518]
  
• Lumirelax [M0474833]
  
• Lumisterol [M0007655]
  
• L�nolax [M0477698]
  
• Lupron [M0369306]
  
• Lurdex [M0431900]
  
• Luronit [M0357379]
  
• Lurselle [M0475864]
  
• Luteolytic Agents [M0012764]
  Chemical compounds causing LUTEOLYSIS or degeneration.
  
• Luvox [M0351234]
  
• LY-121860 [M0351206]
  
• Ly-123362 [M0351205]
  
• LY-127809 [M0016280]
  
• LY-139037 [M0373908]
  
• LY-139481 [M0112970]
  
• LY-156758 [M0112964]
  
• Lyderm [M0478610]
  
• Lyme Disease Vaccines [M0356665]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent LYME DISEASE.
  
• Lymecycline [M0012776]
  A semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE. It is more readily absorbed than TETRACYCLINE and can be used in lower doses.
  
• Lymecycline Hydrochloride [M0330095]
  
• Lymphochin [M0351894]
  
• Lymphocin [M0351893]
  
• Lymphocyte Immune Globulin, Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (Equine) [M0454797]
  
• Lympholysin [M0372322]
  
• Lymphoquin [M0351892]
  
• Lynestrenol [M0012829]
  A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive.
  
• Lynestrenol, (9 beta, 10 alpha,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0330096]
  
• Lynoral [M0477806]
  
• Lyogen [M0354109]
  
• Lyophrin [M0007587]
  
• Lyphan [M0477043]
  
• Lysantin [M0015453]
  
• Lysanxia [M0475491]
  
• Lysenyl [M0012617]
  
• Lysergic Acid Diethylamide [M0012833]
  Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.
  
• Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Tartrate [M0012834]
  
• Lysine [M0012835]
  An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.
  
• Lysine Acetate [M0330097]
  
• Lysine Hydrochloride [M0330098]
  
• Lysine Vasopressin [M0012831]
  The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing an LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.
  
• Lysinoalanine [M0012839]
  N(6)-(2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)-L-lysine. An unusual amino acid, not a dipeptide, which has been found in proteins of cooked foods. It is formed in food that is heated or treated with alkali. Has been implicated in nephrocytomegalia in rats.
  
• Lysodren [M0351881]
  
• Lysostaphin [M0012850]
  A 25-kDa peptidase produced by Staphylococcus simulans which cleaves a glycine-glcyine bond unique to an inter-peptide cross-bridge of the STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS cell wall. EC 3.4.24.75.
  
• Lysthenon [M0351530]
  
• Lysuron [M0451710]
  
• M&B-17803 A [M0000102]
  
• M-5041T [M0004607]
  
• M-Pectil [M0447395]
  
• M99 [M0007933]
  
• MA-1291 [M0353384]
  
• MA-144A1 [M0350662]
  
• Macmiror [M0463096]
  
• Macrodantin [M0014895]
  
• Macrodex [M0006123]
  
• Madicure [M0474734]
  
• Madiol [M0350997]
  
• Madrine [M0474167]
  
• Mafenide [M0012880]
  A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase and is used as topical anti-infective, especially in burn therapy.
  
• Mafenide Acetate [M0012881]
  
• Mafylon [M0350905]
  
• Magnecyl [M0001875]
  
• Magnesiocard [M0001844]
  
• Magnesium Ascorbicum [M0001799]
  
• Magnesium Chloride [M0023974]
  Magnesium chloride. An inorganic compound consisting of one magnesium and two chloride ions. The compound is used in medicine as a source of magnesium ions, which are essential for many cellular activities. It has also been used as a cathartic and in alloys.
  
• Magnesium Disodium EDTA [M0362591]
  
• Magnesium Hydroxide [M0012887]
  An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It acts as an antacid with cathartic effects.
  
• Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg(OH)4) [M0330101]
  
• Magnesium Oxide [M0012888]
  Magnesium oxide (MgO). An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.
  
• Magnesium para-Aminobenzoate [M0015715]
  
• Magnesium Sarcosylate [M0019444]
  
• Magnesium Sulfate [M0012889]
  A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083)
  
• Magnesium Sulfate, Heptahydrate [M0330102]
  
• Magnesium Valproate [M0022505]
  
• Magnorbin [M0001800]
  
• Malaria Vaccines [M0026871]
  Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.
  
• Male Fertility Agents, Synthetic [M0008377]
  
• Malipuran [M0465105]
  
• Malocide [M0476076]
  
• Maltyl [M0485012]
  
• Maninil [M0352374]
  
• Mannitol [M0012995]
  A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.
  
• Mannomustine [M0013000]
  Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.
  
• Mapluxin [M0485079]
  
• Mapox [M0450428]
  
• Maprolu [M0474726]
  
• Maprotilin Holsten [M0474718]
  
• maprotilin von ct [M0474719]
  
• Maprotilin-neuraxpharm [M0474720]
  
• Maprotilin-ratiopharm [M0474721]
  
• Maprotilin-TEVA [M0474722]
  
• Maprotiline [M0013021]
  A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.
  
• Maprotiline Hydrochloride [M0330109]
  
• Maprotiline Mesylate [M0330110]
  
• Marboran [M0352343]
  
• Marcoumar [M0373201]
  
• Marek Disease Vaccines [M0358363]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent MAREK DISEASE, an avian disease caused by a herpesvirus.
  
• Marezine [M0005459]
  
• Marfanil [M0350904]
  
• Marihuana [M0003273]
  
• Marinol [M0351956]
  
• Marmine [M0485142]
  
• Maruate [M0432392]
  
• Marvelon [M0026029]
  
• Masoprocol [M0329970]
  
• Materia Medica [M0013102]
  Materials or substances used in the composition of traditional medical remedies. The use of this term in MeSH was formerly restricted to historical articles or those concerned with traditional medicine, but it can also refer to homeopathic remedies. Nosodes are specific types of homeopathic remedies prepared from causal agents or disease products.
  
• Max-Caro [M0459881]
  
• Maxibolin [M0351286]
  
• Maxidex [M0492561]
  
• Maxilase [M0477124]
  
• Maxolon [M0013683]
  
• Maxomat [M0475571]
  
• Maygace [M0473934]
  
• Maynar [M0450429]
  
• Maytansine [M0013148]
  An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.
  
• Mazanor [M0353735]
  
• Mazindol [M0013149]
  Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.
  
• MC1288 [M0003149]
  
• McN-2559 [M0372829]
  
• McN-A-343 [M0464457]
  
• MCN-R-1967 [M0351974]
  
• MDL 19438 [M0122434]
  
• MDL-17,043 [M0353221]
  
• MDL-71,782 A [M0000789]
  
• Measles Vaccine [M0013153]
  A live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had measles or been immunized with live measles vaccine and have no serum antibodies against measles. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine [M0143261]
  A combined vaccine used to prevent MEASLES; MUMPS; and RUBELLA.
  
• Meaverin [M0473977]
  
• Mebacid [M0350926]
  
• Mebaral [M0474836]
  
• Mebendan [M0474735]
  
• Mebendazole [M0013158]
  A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.
  
• Mebenvet [M0353562]
  
• Mebumal [M0016184]
  
• Mecadox [M0351477]
  
• Mecain [M0473978]
  
• Mecamylamine [M0013160]
  A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.
  
• Mechlorethamine [M0013168]
  A vesicant and necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes. It was formerly used as a war gas. The hydrochloride is used as an antineoplastic in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. It causes severe gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.
  
• Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride [M0013174]
  
• Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride N-Oxide [M0330112]
  
• Mechlorethamine N-Oxide [M0330111]
  
• Mechlorethamine Oxide [M0013169]
  
• Mecholyl [M0024752]
  
• Meclizine [M0013180]
  A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.
  
• Meclizine Dihydrochloride [M0330114]
  
• Meclizine Hydrochloride [M0013182]
  
• Meclizine Monohydrochloride [M0330115]
  
• Meclofenamate [M0473864]
  
• Meclofenamic Acid [M0013184]
  A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.
  
• Meclofenoxate [M0003816]
  A drug composed of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and parachlorphenoxyacetic acid (PCPA).
  
• Meclofenoxate Hydrochloride [M0424109]
  
• Meclomen [M0351661]
  
• Mectizan [M0331957]
  
• Medazepam [M0013187]
  A benzodiazepine derivative used in the treatment of anxiety. It has sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. One of its metabolites is DIAZEPAM and one of its excretion products is OXAZEPAM.
  
• Medazepam AWD [M0474747]
  
• Medazepam Hydrochloride [M0330117]
  
• Medetomidine [M0140434]
  An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.
  
• Medetomidine Hydrochloride [M0333581]
  
• Medevac [M0475711]
  
• Medigoxin [M0013272]
  A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE).
  
• Medihaler-Epi [M0007585]
  
• Medinal [M0002176]
  
• Medixin [M0351184]
  
• Medosan [M0156842]
  
• Medphalan [M0013329]
  
• Medrogestone [M0013278]
  6,17-Dimethylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone. It is used in the treatment of menstrual irregularities and has also been employed in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy and endometrial carcinoma.
  
• Medrol [M0013663]
  
• Medroxyprogesterone [M0013279]
  (6 alpha)-17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone used in veterinary practice as an estrus regulator.
  
• Medroxyprogesterone 17-Acetate [M0026185]
  A synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms.
  
• Medroxyprogesterone 17-Acetate, (6 alpha,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0329353]
  
• Medroxyprogesterone 17-Acetate, (6 beta)-Isomer [M0329352]
  
• Mefac [M0473891]
  
• Mefacit [M0013286]
  
• Mefenamic Acid [M0013283]
  A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.
  
• Mefenamine [M0015458]
  
• Mefloquine [M0024162]
  A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.
  
• Mefloquine Hydrochloride [M0024163]
  
• Mefruside [M0013288]
  A benzene-sulfonamide-furan. It is used as a diuretic that affects the concentrating ability of the KIDNEY, increases SODIUM CHLORIDE excretion, but may not spare POTASSIUM. It inhibits CARBONIC ANHYDRASES and may increase the blood URIC ACID level.
  
• Megace [M0028722]
  
• Megacins [M0013290]
  Bacteriocins elaborated by mutant strains of Bacillus megaterium. They are protein or protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes lethal to other strains of the same species.
  
• M�gamylase [M0477125]
  
• Megefren [M0473935]
  
• Megestrol [M0013296]
  17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione. A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.
  
• Megestrol Acetate [M0028721]
  Megestrol acetate is a progestogen with actions and uses similar to those of the progestogens in general. It also has anti-androgenic properties. It is given by mouth in the palliative treatment or as an adjunct to other therapy in endometrial carcinoma and in breast cancer. Megestrol acetate has been approved to treat anorexia and cachexia. (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
  
• Megimide [M0372301]
  
• Meglutol [M0023214]
  An antilipemic agent which lowers cholesterol, triglycerides, serum beta-lipoproteins and phospholipids. It acts by interfering with the enzymatic steps involved in the conversion of acetate to hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A as well as inhibiting the activity of HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES which is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.
  
• Mel B [M0352107]
  
• Meladinina [M0474231]
  
• Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones [M0014155]
  Peptides with the ability to stimulate pigmented cells MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates. By stimulating the synthesis and distribution of MELANIN in these pigmented cells, they increase coloration of skin and other tissue. MSHs, derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), are produced by MELANOTROPHS in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY; CORTICOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY, and the hypothalamic neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS.
  
• Melarsenoxid-BAL [M0352106]
  
• Melarsoprol [M0013318]
  Arsenical used in trypanosomiases. It may cause fatal encephalopathy and other undesirable side effects.
  
• Melatonin [M0013319]
  A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.
  
• Meldian [M0352365]
  
• Meldopa [M0474250]
  
• Melengestrol [M0013322]
  
• Melengestrol Acetate [M0013321]
  A 6-methyl PROGESTERONE acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on ESTRUS.
  
• Meleril [M0021378]
  
• Melipramine [M0011058]
  
• Melizide [M0483105]
  
• Melopat [M0477355]
  
• Meloxine [M0354144]
  
• Melphalan [M0013330]
  An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.
  
• Memantine [M0013333]
  AMANTADINE derivative that has some dopaminergic effects. It has been proposed as an antiparkinson agent.
  
• Memantine Hydrochloride [M0464878]
  
• Membrane Transport Modulators [M0471866]
  Agents that affect ION PUMPS; ION CHANNELS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; and other MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS.
  
• Memo-Puren [M0474903]
  
• Menadione bisulfite [M0047744]
  
• Menadione sodium bisulfite, trihydrate [M0309358]
  
• Mendiaxon [M0353588]
  
• Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine [M0118934]
  
• Meningococcal Vaccines [M0357647]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.
  
• Menocil [M0000969]
  
• Menogaril [M0026248]
  A semisynthetic anthracycline with the amino sugar on the D ring. It displays broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity against a variety of tumors.
  
• Menogaril, (11 beta)-Isomer [M0329256]
  
• Menogaril, (13 beta)-Isomer [M0329255]
  
• Menogaril, (5 alpha)-Isomer [M0329319]
  
• Menogaril, (5 alpha,11 beta)-Isomer [M0329379]
  
• Menogon [M0473964]
  
• Menomune [M0118932]
  
• Menotropins [M0013384]
  Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.
  
• Menstruation-Inducing Agents [M0013405]
  Chemical compounds that induce menstruation either through direct action on the reproductive organs or through indirect action by relieving another condition of which amenorrhea is a secondary result. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
  
• Menthol [M0013417]
  An alcohol produced from mint oils or prepared synthetically.
  
• Menthol, (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-Isomer [M0330120]
  
• mentopin Acetylcystein [M0447479]
  
• Meperidine [M0013427]
  A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.
  
• Meperidine Hydrochloride [M0330121]
  
• Mephenesin [M0013429]
  A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.
  
• Mephentermine [M0013430]
  A sympathomimetic agent with mainly indirect effects on adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain blood pressure in hypotensive states, for example, following spinal anesthesia. Although the central stimulant effects of mephentermine are much less than those of amphetamine, its use may lead to amphetamine-type dependence. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1248)
  
• Mephentermine Sulfate [M0013431]
  
• Mephenytoin [M0013432]
  An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.
  
• Mephobarbital [M0013433]
  A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.
  
• Mepihexal [M0473979]
  
• Mepivacain-Injektopas [M0473980]
  
• Mepivacaina Braun [M0473981]
  
• Mepivacaine [M0013436]
  A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)
  
• Mepivacaine Hydrochloride [M0330123]
  
• Mepivastesin [M0473982]
  
• Meprin [M0373100]
  
• Meprobamate [M0013438]
  A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)
  
• M�probamate Richard [M0473989]
  
• Mepron [M0173855]
  
• Meprospan [M0473986]
  
• Meptazinol [M0013440]
  A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.
  
• Meptazinol Hydrochloride [M0330124]
  
• Meptid [M0473993]
  
• Mepyramine Maleate [M0018252]
  
• MER-25 [M0350671]
  
• MER-29 [M0351860]
  
• Merbentyl [M0006315]
  
• Merbromin [M0013442]
  A once-popular mercury containing topical antiseptic.
  
• Mercaptoethylamine [M0005536]
  
• Mercaptopurina Wellcome [M0474764]
  
• Mercazol [M0352357]
  
• Mercuric Chloride [M0013447]
  Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.
  
• Mercurochrome [M0374382]
  
• Mercusal [M0352118]
  
• Mercuval [M0485229]
  
• Merital [M0353765]
  
• Merocets [M0478048]
  
• Mersalin [M0352117]
  
• Mersalyl [M0013455]
  A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.
  
• Mersalyl Acid [M0013456]
  
• Mersilon [M0369279]
  
• Merthiolate [M0021340]
  
• Mesalamine [M0029386]
  An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)
  
• Mesalamine Hydrochloride [M0329125]
  
• Mesalamine Monosodium Salt [M0329124]
  
• Mesantoin [M0353222]
  
• Mesasal [M0029392]
  
• Mescaline [M0013457]
  Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.
  
• Mesna [M0023193]
  A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.
  
• MESNA-cell [M0474161]
  
• Mesnex [M0332064]
  
• Mesnum [M0332063]
  
• Mesocaine [M0350848]
  
• Mesoridazine [M0013483]
  A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.
  
• Mesterolone [M0013486]
  17 beta-Hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one. A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic activities.
  
• Mesteron [M0392721]
  
• Mestinon [M0018239]
  
• Mestranol [M0013488]
  The 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.
  
• Mestrel [M0473936]
  
• Metacil [M0373101]
  
• Metadate [M0474256]
  
• Metadol [M0474180]
  
• Metal Antagonists [M0004003]
  
• Metalcaptase [M0016121]
  
• Metamucil [M0018065]
  
• Metanabol [M0350992]
  
• Metandren [M0351094]
  
• Metaoxedrin [M0016559]
  
• Metaprel [M0373118]
  
• Metaproterenol Polistirex [M0376145]
  
• Metaproterenol Sulfate [M0015385]
  
• Metaraminol [M0013526]
  An adrenergic agonist that acts predominantly at alpha adrenergic receptors and also stimulates the release of norepinephrine. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of hypotension.
  
• Metaraminol Bitartrate [M0350574]
  
• Metaraminol Bitartrate (1:1) [M0330126]
  
• Metasedin [M0474181]
  
• Metasqualene [M0351859]
  
• Metasympatol [M0016560]
  
• Metergoline [M0013569]
  A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.
  
• Metformin [M0013535]
  A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)
  
• Methacholine [M0024755]
  
• Methacholine Chloride [M0024753]
  A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)
  
• Methaddict [M0474182]
  
• Methadol [M0351993]
  
• Methadone [M0013541]
  A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. It also has a depressant action on the cough center and may be given to control intractable cough associated with terminal lung cancer. Methadone is also used as part of the treatment of dependence on opioid drugs, although prolonged use of methadone itself may result in dependence. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)
  
• Methadone Hydrochloride [M0333590]
  
• Methadose [M0474183]
  
• Methadyl Acetate [M0013546]
  A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. It is used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence.
  
• Methallibure [M0013548]
  A dithiobiurea compound with anti-gonadotropic activity.
  
• Methamphetamine [M0013551]
  A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.
  
• Methamphetamine Hydrochloride [M0013552]
  
• Methandriol [M0013553]
  A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)
  
• Methandrostenolone [M0013554]
  A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)
  
• Methapyrilene [M0013559]
  Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.
  
• Methaqualone [M0013560]
  A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604)
  
• Methaqualone Hydrochloride [M0474830]
  
• Methazolamide [M0013561]
  A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.
  
• Methenamine [M0013566]
  An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173)
  
• Methenolone [M0013568]
  A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action.
  
• Methergine [M0013637]
  
• Methex [M0474184]
  
• Methimazole [M0013573]
  A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.
  
• Methionine [M0013575]
  A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating agent for heavy metals.
  
• Methionine, DL-Isomer [M0330130]
  
• Methiothepin [M0013581]
  A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.
  
• Methiothepin Maleate [M0013582]
  
• Methisazone [M0013583]
  An antiviral agent effective against pox viruses.
  
• Methitest [M0474265]
  
• Methizol [M0476434]
  
• Methocarbamol [M0013584]
  A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206)
  
• Methocel [M0013621]
  
• Methohexital [M0013589]
  An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.
  
• Methohexital Sodium [M0330134]
  
• Methoprene [M0013594]
  Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.
  
• Methotrexate [M0013595]
  An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.
  
• Methotrexate Hydrate [M0330135]
  
• Methotrexate, (D)-Isomer [M0330137]
  
• Methotrexate, (DL)-Isomer [M0330138]
  
• Methotrexate, Dicesium Salt [M0330141]
  
• Methotrexate, Disodium Salt [M0330140]
  
• Methotrexate, Sodium Salt [M0330136]
  
• Methotrimeprazine [M0013597]
  A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604)
  
• Methoxa-Dome [M0354147]
  
• Methoxamine [M0013598]
  An alpha-adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction. It has little if any direct effect on the central nervous system.
  
• Methoxamine Hydrochloride [M0350565]
  
• Methoxsalen [M0013600]
  A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.
  
• Methoxyflurane [M0013605]
  An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)
  
• Methoxytryptamine [M0013608]
  
• Methyclothiazide [M0013609]
  A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)
  
• Methyl Chloride [M0013610]
  A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403)
  
• Methyl Methanesulfonate [M0013613]
  An alkylating agent in cancer therapy that may also act as a mutagen by interfering with and causing damage to DNA.
  
• Methyl-gag [M0013945]
  
• Methylcellulose [M0013620]
  Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.
  
• Methyldigoxin [M0013273]
  
• Methyldopa [M0013626]
  An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.
  
• Methyldopate [M0013627]
  
• Methylene Blue [M0013629]
  A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.
  
• Methylene Chloride [M0013630]
  A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.
  
• Methylergonovine [M0013636]
  A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Methylergonovine Maleate [M0237343]
  
• Methylin [M0474257]
  
• Methylnorepinephrine [M0013656]
  
• Methylphenidate [M0013660]
  A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
  
• Methylphenidate Hydrochloride [M0351724]
  
• Methylprednisolone [M0013662]
  A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.
  
• Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate [M0013665]
  A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.
  
• Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate Monosodium Salt [M0330024]
  
• Methyltestosterone [M0013667]
  A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).
  
• Methylthioinosine [M0013668]
  6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.
  
• Methylthiouracil [M0013669]
  A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
  
• Methyltyramine [M0015729]
  
• Methysergide [M0013673]
  An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.
  
• Methysergide Dimaleate [M0013674]
  
• Methysergide Maleate [M0352828]
  
• Metiamide [M0013677]
  A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.
  
• Metiamide Monohydrochloride [M0330026]
  
• Metiazol [M0353545]
  
• Meticorten [M0351867]
  
• Metifex [M0477796]
  
• Metindol [M0353732]
  
• Metipranolol [M0021985]
  A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.
  
• Metisol [M0352356]
  
• Metoclopramide [M0013679]
  A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.
  
• Metoclopramide Dihydrochloride [M0330027]
  
• Metoclopramide Hydrochloride [M0330028]
  
• Metoclopramide Monohydrochloride [M0330029]
  
• Metolazone [M0013684]
  A quinazoline-sulfonamide that is considered a thiazide-like diuretic which is long-acting so useful in chronic RENAL FAILURE. It also tends to lower BLOOD PRESSURE and increase POTASSIUM loss.
  
• Metomide [M0024012]
  
• Metopirone [M0013713]
  
• Metoprolol [M0013686]
  A selective adrenergic beta-1-blocking agent with no stimulatory action. It's binding to plasma albumin is weaker than alprenolol and it may be useful in angina pectoris, hypertension, or cardiac arrhythmias.
  
• Metoprolol Tartrate [M0350812]
  
• Metosyn [M0351297]
  
• Metoxamine Wellcome [M0474227]
  
• Metrazol [M0373140]
  
• Metribolone [M0024129]
  A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.
  
• Metric [M0013702]
  
• Metrizamide [M0013690]
  A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.
  
• Metrodin [M0013385]
  
• Metrodzhil [M0013704]
  
• MetroGel [M0013703]
  
• Metrogyl [M0013705]
  
• Metronidazole [M0013695]
  A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).
  
• Metronidazole Hydrochloride [M0013696]
  
• Metronidazole Phosphate [M0330031]
  
• Metyrapone [M0013712]
  An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.
  
• Metyrosine [M0329127]
  
• Mevacor [M0354781]
  
• Mexate [M0013596]
  
• Mexiletene [M0373103]
  
• Mexiletine [M0013719]
  Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.
  
• Mexiletine Hydrochloride [M0013720]
  
• Mexitil [M0013721]
  
• Mezaton [M0016561]
  
• Mezcalin [M0351218]
  
• Mg-5'-Adenylylimidodiphosphate [M0000417]
  
• Mg-5-Longoral [M0001838]
  
• Mianserin [M0013724]
  A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.
  
• Mianserin Hydrochloride [M0330033]
  
• Mibefradil [M0167272]
  A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.
  
• Mibefradil Dihydrochloride [M0167270]
  
• Mibrox [M0452647]
  
• Micalith [M0372619]
  
• Micanol [M0484992]
  
• Miccil [M0465168]
  
• Micoisdin [M0476664]
  
• Miconazole [M0013758]
  An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.
  
• Miconazole Nitrate [M0330034]
  
• MICRhoGAM [M0373304]
  
• Micristin [M0001876]
  
• Microbicides [M0417930]
  Generically, any agent that destroys microbes. However, usage of the term is increasingly being confined to agents that prevent or reduce the transmission of SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES.
  
• Microbicides, Topical [M0417932]
  Generically, any topical agent that destroys microbes. However, usage of the term is increasingly being confined to topical agents that prevent or reduce the transmission of SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES.
  
• Microfollin [M0007863]
  
• Microfollin Forte [M0007864]
  
• Microgynon [M0351266]
  
• Microlut [M0025737]
  
• Micronase [M0352373]
  
• Micronefrin [M0007588]
  
• Micronephrine [M0007591]
  
• Micronor [M0014970]
  
• Microshield T [M0476891]
  
• Microx [M0350908]
  
• Midamor [M0000907]
  
• Midantan [M0370891]
  
• Midazolam [M0013843]
  A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
  
• Midazolam Hydrochloride [M0353521]
  
• Midazolam Maleate [M0013846]
  
• Midodrine [M0013860]
  An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of hypotension.
  
• Midodrine Monohydrochloride [M0352408]
  
• Midon [M0474321]
  
• Midoride [M0432518]
  
• Mifegyne [M0474322]
  
• Mifeprex [M0474323]
  
• Mifepristone [M0024116]
  A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.
  
• Migranal [M0006402]
  
• Milavir [M0450430]
  
• Mildothane [M0351509]
  
• Milid [M0373165]
  
• Milisucre [M0434517]
  
• Milk of Calcium [M0003156]
  
• Millicorten [M0372344]
  
• Milrinone [M0029839]
  A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the ionotropic potency of amrinone.
  
• Milrinone Lactate [M0029840]
  
• Miltown [M0351493]
  
• Milurit [M0353787]
  
• Milurite [M0353793]
  
• Mimosine [M0013894]
  3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4H)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from Leucena glauca.
  
• Min-I-Jet Morphine Sulphate [M0477652]
  
• Minakne [M0474871]
  
• Mineral Oil [M0013895]
  A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It is used as laxative, lubricant, ointment base, and emollient.
  
• Mini-Lix [M0432713]
  
• Minidiab [M0352369]
  
• Minipress [M0017442]
  
• Minisiston [M0351267]
  
• Minoxidil [M0013916]
  A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371)
  
• Mintesol [M0353571]
  
• Mintezol [M0021314]
  
• Mio Relax [M0477282]
  
• Miochol [M0000167]
  
• Miocrin [M0475557]
  
• Miosen [M0485235]
  
• Miostat [M0491418]
  
• Miotics [M0013919]
  Agents causing contraction of the pupil of the eye. Because the size of the pupil is under the antagonistic control of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, drugs affecting either system can cause miosis. Drugs that mimic or potentiate the parasympathetic input to the circular constrictor muscle and drugs that inhibit sympathetic input to the radial dilator muscle tend to contract the pupils. Some sources use the term miotics only for the parasympathomimetics but any drug used to induce miosis is included here.
  
• Miracil D [M0012716]
  
• Miraclar [M0462896]
  
• Mirena [M0463412]
  
• Mirpan [M0474723]
  
• Miscleron [M0351463]
  
• Misonidazole [M0013924]
  A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.
  
• Misoprostol [M0025309]
  A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.
  
• Misoprostol, (11alpha,13E)-Isomer [M0329471]
  
• Misoprostol, (11alpha,13E,16R)-Isomer [M0329467]
  
• Misoprostol, (11alpha,13Z)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329466]
  
• Misoprostol, (11alpha.13E,16S)-Isomer [M0329468]
  
• Misoprostol, (11beta,13E)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329465]
  
• Misoprostol, (11beta,13E,16R)-Isomer [M0329470]
  
• Misoprostol, (11beta,13E,16S)-Isomer [M0329469]
  
• Mistabron [M0332062]
  
• Mitexan [M0351802]
  
• Mitobronitol [M0013936]
  Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.
  
• Mitogens [M0013944]
  Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with LECTINS, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. (Stedman, 25th ed)
  
• Mitoguazone [M0013946]
  Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.
  
• Mitolactol [M0013947]
  Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs.
  
• Mitomen [M0351949]
  
• Mitomycins [M0013949]
  A group of methylazirinopyrroloindolediones obtained from certain Streptomyces strains. They are very toxic antibiotics used as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS in some solid tumors. PORFIROMYCIN and MITOMYCIN are the most useful members of the group.
  
• Mitosis Modulators [M0473518]
  Agents that affect MITOSIS of CELLS.
  
• Mitotane [M0013951]
  A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.
  
• Mitoxantrone [M0013954]
  An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.
  
• Mitoxantrone Acetate [M0330041]
  
• Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride [M0330040]
  
• Mitroxone [M0474352]
  
• Mixtard [M0011441]
  
• Mizodin [M0373164]
  
• MJ-1999 [M0350816]
  
• MJ-9022-1 [M0003076]
  
• MJ-9067 [M0350851]
  
• MK 0791 [M0351542]
  
• MK 990 [M0351064]
  
• MK-0366 [M0353994]
  
• MK-135 [M0373520]
  
• MK-185 [M0351749]
  
• MK-208 [M0333424]
  
• MK-217 [M0028851]
  
• MK-231 [M0350641]
  
• MK-329 [M0353444]
  
• MK-412A [M0350944]
  
• MK-421 [M0007331]
  
• MK-422 [M0363630]
  
• MK-485 [M0351197]
  
• MK-486 [M0351196]
  
• MK-521 [M0373302]
  
• MK-639 [M0372272]
  
• MK-647 [M0351708]
  
• MK-733 [M0350853]
  
• MK-801 [M0350546]
  
• MK-803 [M0354780]
  
• MK-906 [M0351110]
  
• MK-933 [M0331956]
  
• MK-950 [M0021549]
  
• MK-954 [M0351837]
  
• Mn-Dtpa [M0006868]
  
• Moban [M0013990]
  
• Moclix [M0474407]
  
• Moclobemid AZU [M0474417]
  
• Moclobemid Stada [M0474418]
  
• Moclobemid von ct [M0474419]
  
• Moclobemid-1A Pharma [M0474420]
  
• Moclobemid-Puren [M0474421]
  
• Moclobemid-ratiopharm [M0474422]
  
• Moclobemide [M0106138]
  A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.
  
• Moclobeta [M0474409]
  
• Moclodura [M0474410]
  
• Moclonorm [M0474408]
  
• Modane [M0029851]
  
• Mod�ratan [M0432393]
  
• Modified Immune Globulin (Anti-Echovirus Antibody) [M0025525]
  
• Modus [M0463288]
  
• Mogadon [M0476761]
  
• Molecular Vaccines [M0022455]
  
• Molindone [M0013989]
  An indole derivative effective in schizophrenia and other psychoses and possibly useful in the treatment of the aggressive type of undersocialized conduct disorder. Molindone has much lower affinity for D2 receptors than most antipsychotic agents and has a relatively low affinity for D1 receptors. It has only low to moderate affinity for cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Some electrophysiologic data from animals indicate that molindone has certain characteristics that resemble those of CLOZAPINE. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p283)
  
• Molindone Hydrochloride [M0330042]
  
• Molipaxin [M0361360]
  
• Molsi 1A Pharma [M0474436]
  
• Molsi-AZU [M0474437]
  
• Molsi-Puren [M0474438]
  
• Molsibeta [M0474439]
  
• Molsidomin Heumann [M0474440]
  
• Molsidomin Stada [M0474441]
  
• molsidomin von ct [M0474442]
  
• Molsidomin-ratiopharm [M0474443]
  
• Molsidomine [M0014003]
  A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.
  
• Molsihexal [M0474444]
  
• Molsiket [M0474445]
  
• Mono-Jod [M0475316]
  
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors [M0014029]
  A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (From Gilman, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p414)
  
• Monocarboxycellulose [M0003794]
  
• Monoclate [M0008152]
  
• Monogest [M0014973]
  
• Monogold (1+) Disodium Thiomalate [M0330221]
  
• Monopril [M0352132]
  
• Monospan [M0362253]
  
• Monovent [M0476175]
  
• Mopidamol [M0014050]
  A phosphodiesterase inhibitor which inhibits platelet aggregation. Formerly used as an antineoplastic.
  
• Moradol [M0352887]
  
• Moranil [M0351761]
  
• Moranoline [M0353402]
  
• Morantel [M0014057]
  Antinematodal agent used mainly for livestock.
  
• Morantel Tartrate [M0014058]
  
• Moricizine [M0024900]
  An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.
  
• Moricizine Hydrochloride [M0333637]
  
• Morning-After Pill [M0005123]
  
• Morphine [M0014064]
  The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.
  
• Morphine Chloride [M0014065]
  
• Morphine Derivatives [M0014070]
  Analogs or derivatives of morphine.
  
• Morphine Sulfate [M0014066]
  
• Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Anhydrous [M0330046]
  
• Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Pentahydrate [M0330045]
  
• Motilium [M0006753]
  
• Motion-Aid [M0485141]
  
• Motosol [M0452648]
  
• Motrin [M0010970]
  
• Movecil [M0352567]
  
• Moxisylyte [M0021466]
  An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)
  
• Moxisylyte Hydrochloride [M0474459]
  
• MPV-1440 [M0332428]
  
• MPV-785 [M0333582]
  
• MRZ-2593 [M0352946]
  
• MS Contin [M0369449]
  
• MSH Release-Inhibiting Hormone [M0014157]
  A hypothalamic tripeptide, enzymatic degradation product of OXYTOCIN, that inhibits the release of MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONES.
  
• MTW-Fenofibrat [M0478158]
  
• MTW-Molsidomin [M0474446]
  
• Mucinil [M0475953]
  
• Mucinol [M0433969]
  
• Muciplasma [M0474246]
  
• Muciteran [M0447440]
  
• Mucohexine [M0465041]
  
• Mucolytic Agents [M0008042]
  
• Mucomyst [M0000174]
  
• Mucosil [M0447481]
  
• Mucosolvin [M0000175]
  
• Mucotablin [M0451878]
  
• Mukodin [M0003350]
  
• Mumps Vaccine [M0014203]
  A live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had mumps or been immunized with live mumps vaccine. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine.
  
• Mundiphyllin Retard [M0351372]
  
• Mur-NAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln [M0000192]
  
• Muramidase [M0014214]
  A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
  
• Muromonab-CD3 [M0025653]
  Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody that exerts immunosuppressive effects by inducing peripheral T-cell depletion and modulation of the T-cell receptor complex (CD3/Ti). This biochemically purified IMMUNOGLOBULIN G is obtained through the fusion of mouse myeloma cells to lymphocytes from immunized animals to produce hybridomas that secrete specific antibodies to the T3 (CD3) antigens of human T-lymphocytes. It is often used as an IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS in TRANSPLANTATION.
  
• Muscarine [M0014225]
  A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.
  
• Muscarinic Agents [M0027985]
  
• Muscarinic Agonists [M0028050]
  Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate.
  
• Muscarinic Antagonists [M0028057]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC), thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system. Antagonists that discriminate among the various muscarinic receptor subtypes and might allow better control of peripheral and central actions are under development.
  
• Muscimol [M0014231]
  Neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from Amanita muscaria and A. phalloides and also obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. It is a potent agonist at GABA-A receptors and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.
  
• Muscle Relaxants, Central [M0014240]
  A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in multiple sclerosis. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)
  
• Mustard Compounds [M0014270]
  Strong alkylating and immunosuppressive agents whose biological activity is based on the presence of bis(2-chloroethyl)- groups. Although otherwise structurally diverse, the compounds have in common the capacity to contribute alkyl groups to DNA. They are generally highly toxic but include among their number many widely used and effective antineoplastic agents.
  
• Mustargen [M0013175]
  
• Muzolimine [M0014278]
  A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.
  
• MVE-2 [M0018217]
  
• MVE-5 [M0018218]
  
• My-301 [M0352306]
  
• Myambutol [M0007815]
  
• Mycelex [M0004646]
  
• Mycobacillin [M0014280]
  A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic isolated from culture filtrates of Bacillus subtilis that acts as an antifungal agent.
  
• Mycodermine [M0022253]
  
• Mydeton [M0021635]
  
• Mydocalm [M0021636]
  
• Mydriacyl [M0372555]
  
• Mydrial [M0370893]
  
• Mydriatics [M0014317]
  Agents that dilate the pupil. They may be either sympathomimetics or parasympatholytics. The latter cause cycloplegia or paralysis of accommodation at high doses and may precipitate glaucoma. Mydriatics are used in eye diseases and to facilitate eye examination.
  
• Myeloablative Agonists [M0029156]
  Agents that destroy bone marrow activity. They are used to prepare patients for BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION or STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.
  
• Myelobromol [M0013937]
  
• Myelosan [M0350678]
  
• Mykocert [M0432589]
  
• Mylecytan [M0350677]
  
• Myleran [M0003081]
  
• Myo Hermes [M0460105]
  
• Myocet [M0479793]
  
• Myocholine [M0460103]
  
• Myochrysine [M0009530]
  
• Myofedrin [M0015669]
  
• Myoquin [M0475003]
  
• Myorelaxin [M0020714]
  
• Myostibin [M0351611]
  
• Mysoline [M0017581]
  
• Mytelase [M0432329]
  
• N,N-Diethyl-2,5-dimethylbenzamide [M0005745]
  
• N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-trans-Retinamide [M0026292]
  
• N-Lost [M0351946]
  
• N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine [M0028171]
  An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.
  
• N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine Hydrochloride [M0329175]
  
• N-Methyl-D-aspartic Acid [M0024737]
  
• N-Methylaspartate [M0024738]
  An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).
  
• N-Methylbenztropine [M0045518]
  
• N2-Acetyl-S-Nitroso-D,L-Penicillinaminamide [M0119950]
  
• NA-274 [M0002940]
  
• NA-872 [M0351186]
  
• NAB-365 [M0350504]
  
• Nadolol [M0014411]
  A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.
  
• Nadroparin [M0026848]
  A heparin fraction with a mean molecular weight of 4500 daltons. It is isolated from porcine mucosal heparin and used as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Nafarelin [M0026219]
  A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS.
  
• Nafarelin Acetate [M0329373]
  
• Nafarelin Monoacetate [M0329372]
  
• Nafazair [M0462944]
  
• Nafenopin [M0014420]
  A peroxisome proliferator that is used experimentally to promote liver tumors. It has been used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.
  
• Nafoxidine [M0014421]
  An estrogen antagonist that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer.
  
• Nafoxidine Hydrochloride [M0330055]
  
• Nafronyl [M0014423]
  A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.
  
• Nafronyloxalate [M0014424]
  
• nafti von ct [M0462787]
  
• Nafti-Puren [M0462788]
  
• Nafti-ratiopharm [M0462789]
  
• Naftilong [M0462790]
  
• Naftilux [M0462791]
  
• Naganin [M0351762]
  
• Naganol [M0351763]
  
• Nalbuphine [M0014433]
  A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and an antagonist or partial agonist at mu opioid receptors.
  
• Nalbuphine Hydrochloride [M0330056]
  
• Nalcrom [M0006579]
  
• Nalfon [M0351730]
  
• Nalgesic [M0351729]
  
• Nalidixate Sodium [M0014438]
  
• Nalidixic Acid [M0014437]
  A synthetic 1,8-naphthyridine antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum. It is an inhibitor of the A subunit of bacterial DNA GYRASE.
  
• Nalone [M0462822]
  
• Nalorphine [M0014439]
  A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.
  
• Nalorphine Hydrobromide [M0330059]
  
• Nalorphine Hydrochloride [M0330061]
  
• Nalorphine, (14 alpha)-Isomer [M0330060]
  
• Nalorphine, L-tartrate (1:1) [M0330062]
  
• Naloxon Curamed [M0462823]
  
• Naloxon-ratiopharm [M0462824]
  
• Naloxone [M0014441]
  A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.
  
• Naloxone Abello [M0462825]
  
• Naloxone Hydrobromide [M0330063]
  
• Naloxone Hydrochloride [M0330064]
  
• Naloxone Hydrochloride Dihydride [M0330065]
  
• Naloxone Hydrochloride, (5 beta,9 alpha,13 alpha,14 alpha)-Isomer [M0330067]
  
• Naloxone Methylbromide [M0015683]
  
• Naloxone, (5 beta,9 alpha,13 alpha,14 alpha)-Isomer [M0330066]
  
• Naltrexone [M0014445]
  Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.
  
• Naltrexone Hydrochloride [M0462922]
  
• Namenda [M0485380]
  
• Nandrolone [M0014452]
  C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.
  
• Naniprus [M0014917]
  
• Napaltan [M0012882]
  
• Naphazoline [M0014455]
  An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.
  
• Naphazoline Hydrochloride [M0330068]
  
• Naphazoline Nitrate [M0462902]
  
• Naphcon [M0462949]
  
• Naphcon forte [M0462945]
  
• Naphthylvinylpyridine [M0014464]
  4(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Cholinesterase inhibitor. Synonym: YuB 25.
  
• Naphuride [M0351764]
  
• Naprosin [M0014469]
  
• Naproxen [M0014467]
  An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.
  
• Naqua [M0353611]
  
• Narcan [M0014443]
  
• Narcaricin [M0459466]
  
• Narcotan [M0351861]
  
• Narcotic Analgesics [M0001069]
  
• Narcotic Antagonists [M0014474]
  Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.
  
• Narcotics [M0014481]
  Agents that induce NARCOSIS. This term is considered outdated due to imprecision but continues to be widely used. Originally, agents that caused somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); now, any derivative, natural or synthetic, of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has their effects. Narcotics are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS.
  
• Nardelzine [M0474763]
  
• Nardil [M0016503]
  
• Narone [M0372396]
  
• Narphen [M0474745]
  
• Nasal Decongestants [M0022552]
  Drugs designed to treat inflammation of the nasal passages, generally the result of an infection (more often than not the common cold) or an allergy related condition, e.g., hay fever. The inflammation involves swelling of the mucous membrane that lines the nasal passages and results in inordinate mucus production. The primary class of nasal decongestants are vasoconstrictor agents. (From PharmAssist, The Family Guide to Health and Medicine, 1993)
  
• Nasalcrom [M0361528]
  
• Natrecor [M0446698]
  
• Natulan [M0017617]
  
• Naturetin [M0362009]
  
• Nausicalm [M0485149]
  
• Nauzelin [M0492501]
  
• Navane [M0354235]
  
• Naxogin [M0352080]
  
• NC-45 [M0350985]
  
• Nealorin [M0477270]
  
• NebuPent [M0474058]
  
• Nedeltran [M0431990]
  
• Nedocromil [M0026945]
  A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets.
  
• Nedocromil Calcium [M0329235]
  
• Nedocromil Sodium [M0329237]
  
• Nedocromil, Disodium salt, Hydrate [M0329236]
  
• Nefopam [M0014549]
  Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26)
  
• Nefopam Hydrochloride [M0014548]
  
• Neguvon [M0352152]
  
• Nelfinavir [M0029531]
  A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.
  
• Nelfinavir Mesylate [M0329047]
  
• N�maprol [M0433382]
  
• Nembutal [M0369492]
  
• Nemestran [M0351283]
  
• Neo Artrol [M0478664]
  
• Neo Tomizol [M0477263]
  
• Neo-Cobefrin [M0013655]
  
• Neo-Eunomin [M0004148]
  
• Neo-Gilurytmal [M0017432]
  
• Neo-NaClex [M0459373]
  
• Neo-Synephrine [M0016558]
  
• Neo-Thyreostat [M0477264]
  
• Neobes [M0432394]
  
• Neocarbo [M0477271]
  
• Neofluor [M0478652]
  
• Neofomiral [M0478568]
  
• neogama [M0475985]
  
• Neogest [M0014983]
  
• Neogluconin [M0352372]
  
• Neomercazole [M0353208]
  
• Neoral [M0025284]
  
• Neosar [M0005488]
  
• Neostigmine [M0014615]
  A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
  
• Neostigmine Bromide [M0351163]
  
• Neostigmine Methylsulfate [M0014616]
  
• Neothylline [M0485295]
  
• Neoton [M0016658]
  
• Neoxazoi [M0350933]
  
• Nephrox [M0431971]
  
• Nepresol [M0010677]
  
• Neptal [M0431314]
  
• Nerobol [M0350993]
  
• Nesdonal [M0021366]
  
• Netilmicin Sulfate [M0014674]
  
• Neupogen [M0373311]
  
• Neur-Amyl [M0433378]
  
• Neuromuscular Agents [M0014721]
  Drugs used for their actions on skeletal muscle. Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS), and drugs that act centrally as skeletal muscle relaxants (MUSCLE RELAXANTS, CENTRAL). Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders are ANTI-DYSKINESIA AGENTS.
  
• Neuromuscular Blocking Agents [M0014723]
  Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.
  
• Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents [M0014724]
  Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction by causing sustained depolarization of the motor end plate. These agents are primarily used as adjuvants in surgical anesthesia to cause skeletal muscle relaxation.
  
• Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents [M0005420]
  Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.
  
• Neuroprotective Agents [M0028008]
  Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
  
• Neurosine [M0465829]
  
• Neurotol [M0354008]
  
• Neurotransmitter Agents [M0027603]
  Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
  
• Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors [M0021830]
  Drugs that inhibit the transport of neurotransmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. For many transmitters, uptake determines the time course of transmitter action so inhibiting uptake prolongs the activity of the transmitter. Blocking uptake may also deplete available transmitter stores. Many clinically important drugs are uptake inhibitors although the indirect reactions of the brain rather than the acute block of uptake itself is often responsible for the therapeutic effects.
  
• Nevigramon [M0353774]
  
• Nevirapine [M0029429]
  A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV infection and AIDS.
  
• Nexium [M0427369]
  Esomeprazole trade name.
  
• NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, D-Orn-Isomer [M0329191]
  
• NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, L-Orn-Isomer, Monohydrochloride [M0329192]
  
• NIA-10242 [M0351483]
  
• NIA-33297 [M0056341]
  
• Niacinamide [M0014833]
  An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake.
  
• Nialamide [M0014817]
  An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.
  
• Nicarbazin [M0014819]
  An equimolar complex of 4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide and 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine. A coccidiostat for poultry.
  
• Nicardipine [M0014820]
  A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.
  
• Nicardipine Hydrochloride [M0463037]
  
• Nicardipine LA [M0014821]
  
• Nicardipino Ratiopharm [M0463050]
  
• Nicardipino Seid [M0463034]
  
• Nicergobeta [M0463058]
  
• Nicergolin Atid [M0463059]
  
• Nicergolin Lindo [M0463060]
  
• nicergolin von ct [M0463062]
  
• Nicergolin-neuraxpharm [M0463063]
  
• Nicergolin-ratiopharm [M0463064]
  
• Nicergolin-TEVA [M0463065]
  
• Nicergoline [M0014823]
  An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It has been suggested to ameliorate cognitive deficits in cerebrovascular disease.
  
• Niceritrol [M0014824]
  An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.
  
• Niceritrol Tetrahydrochloride [M0329957]
  
• Nicerium [M0463066]
  
• Niclocide [M0350859]
  
• Niclofolan [M0014826]
  Proposed fasciolacide. Synonyms: Dertil; Bilevon; Bay 9015.
  
• Niclosamide [M0014827]
  An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48)
  
• Niclosamide, 2-Aminoethanol (1:1) [M0329958]
  
• Nicobion [M0463086]
  
• Nicomethanol Hydrofluoride [M0014840]
  
• Nicorandil [M0029846]
  A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.
  
• Nicotine [M0014836]
  Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.
  
• Nicotine Bitartrate [M0014837]
  
• Nicotine Tartrate [M0014838]
  
• Nicotinic Agents [M0027986]
  
• Nicotinic Agonists [M0028051]
  Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC). Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarizing blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission.
  
• Nicotinic Antagonists [M0028065]
  Drugs that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) and block the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. Nicotinic antagonists block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglia, the skeletal neuromuscular junction, and at central nervous system nicotinic synapses.
  
• Nicotins�ureamid Jenapharm [M0463087]
  
• Nicotinyl Alcohol [M0014841]
  A direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened gangrene.
  
• Nicotinyltartrate [M0014842]
  
• Nidrel [M0463341]
  
• Nifangin [M0369475]
  
• Nifedipine [M0014847]
  A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.
  
• Nifedipine Monohydrochloride [M0329959]
  
• Nifedipine-GTIS [M0369482]
  
• Niflactol [M0463091]
  
• Niflugel [M0463092]
  
• Niflumic Acid [M0014850]
  An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
  
• Nifluril [M0362050]
  
• Nifuratel [M0014851]
  Local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally.
  
• Nifurtimox [M0014852]
  Possibly effective against parasites. Synonyms: Lampit; Bayer 2502.
  
• NIH-10567 [M0352863]
  
• Nikethamide [M0014858]
  A CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)
  
• Nilevar [M0463954]
  
• Nilverm [M0021245]
  
• Nimodipin Hexal [M0463284]
  
• Nimodipin-ISIS [M0463285]
  
• Nimodipine [M0014859]
  A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.
  
• Nimodipino Bayvit [M0463286]
  
• Nimorazole [M0014861]
  An antitrichomonal agent which is effective either topically or orally and whose urinary metabolites are also trichomonicidal.
  
• Nimotop [M0014860]
  
• Nimustine [M0023686]
  Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.
  
• Ninhydrin [M0014862]
  2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.
  
• Nipantiox 1-F [M0351793]
  
• Nipent [M0474210]
  
• Nipride [M0475562]
  
• Nipruton [M0369486]
  
• Nirason [M0474052]
  
• Niridazole [M0014868]
  An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.
  
• Nisentil [M0000799]
  
• Nisin [M0014869]
  A 34-amino acid polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis. It has been used as a food preservative in canned fruits and vegetables, and cheese.
  
• Nisoldipine [M0024120]
  A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.
  
• Nistaken [M0476000]
  
• Nitoman [M0476241]
  
• Nitracrine [M0014872]
  Acridine antineoplastic agent used in mammary and ovarian tumors. It inhibits RNA synthesis.
  
• Nitrangin [M0009433]
  
• Nitrazep [M0476764]
  
• Nitrazepam [M0014875]
  A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.
  
• Nitrazepam AL [M0476762]
  
• Nitrazepam-neuraxpharm [M0476763]
  
• Nitre AbZ [M0463344]
  
• Nitre-Puren [M0463345]
  
• Nitregamma [M0463346]
  
• Nitren 1A Pharma [M0463347]
  
• Nitren acis [M0463348]
  
• Nitren Lich [M0463349]
  
• Nitrend KSK [M0463355]
  
• Nitrendepat [M0463356]
  
• Nitrendi Biochemie [M0463357]
  
• Nitrendidoc [M0463358]
  
• Nitrendimerck [M0463359]
  
• Nitrendipin AL [M0463361]
  
• Nitrendipin Apogepha [M0463362]
  
• Nitrendipin Atid [M0463363]
  
• Nitrendipin Basics [M0463364]
  
• Nitrendipin beta [M0463374]
  
• Nitrendipin Heumann [M0463375]
  
• Nitrendipin Jenapharm [M0463376]
  
• Nitrendipin Lindo [M0463377]
  
• Nitrendipin Stada [M0463382]
  
• nitrendipin von ct [M0463383]
  
• nitrendipin-corax [M0463384]
  
• Nitrendipine [M0014876]
  A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.
  
• Nitrendipino Bayvit [M0463394]
  
• Nitrendipino Ratiopharm [M0463393]
  
• Nitrensal [M0463395]
  
• Nitrepress [M0463396]
  
• Nitriate [M0475563]
  
• Nitric Oxide Donors [M0029737]
  A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)
  
• Nitro-Bid [M0009434]
  
• Nitro-Dur [M0009427]
  
• Nitroarginine [M0028783]
  An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)
  
• Nitrocard [M0009435]
  
• Nitrocellulose [M0004801]
  
• Nitroderm [M0009436]
  
• Nitroderm TTS [M0009437]
  
• Nitrodex [M0474053]
  
• Nitrofurans [M0014892]
  
• Nitrofurantoin [M0014893]
  A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.
  
• Nitrofurantoin Sodium Salt [M0329961]
  
• Nitrofurantoin, Monohydrate [M0329960]
  
• Nitrofurazone [M0014896]
  A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial wounds, burns, ulcers, and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of trypanosomiasis.
  
• Nitrofurazone, Calcium (2:1) Salt [M0329962]
  
• Nitrogen Mustard Compounds [M0014901]
  A group of alkylating agents derived from mustard gas, with the sulfur replaced by nitrogen. They were formerly used as toxicants and vesicants, but now function as antineoplastic agents. These compounds are also powerful mutagens, teratogens, immunosuppressants, and carcinogens.
  
• Nitroglycerin [M0009426]
  A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium.
  
• Nitroglyn [M0009438]
  
• Nitrogranulogen [M0013170]
  
• Nitrohydroxyiodophenylacetate [M0014906]
  Also called 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenylacetate. A haptenic determinant that can be radiolabeled and used as salts and derivatives for investigations of immunogenic specificity studies.
  
• Nitrol [M0009439]
  
• Nitrolan [M0009440]
  
• Nitromifene [M0014908]
  A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist (as the 1:1 citrate) most commonly used as a research tool in animal studies.
  
• Nitromifene Citrate [M0369483]
  
• Nitromifene Citrate (1:1) [M0329964]
  
• Nitromifene, (E)-Isomer [M0329965]
  
• Nitromifene, (Z)-Isomer [M0329963]
  
• Nitromin [M0013172]
  
• Nitrong [M0009441]
  
• Nitropress [M0475564]
  
• Nitroprussiat Fides [M0475565]
  
• Nitroprusside [M0014916]
  A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.
  
• Nitroprusside, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate [M0329966]
  
• Nitrosorbide [M0011799]
  
• Nitrospan [M0009442]
  
• Nitrostat [M0009443]
  
• Nitrous Oxide [M0014927]
  Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.
  
• Nitrovin [M0014928]
  An antibacterial growth promoter used in animal feeds.
  
• Nitroxinil [M0014929]
  Proposed anthelmintic for fasciola and liver fluke infestations.
  
• Nitrumon [M0352089]
  
• Nittifor [M0056350]
  
• Nivaline [M0008952]
  
• Nivaquine [M0004183]
  
• Nizatidine [M0025273]
  A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.
  
• Nizoral [M0011988]
  
• NK-631 [M0357323]
  
• No Doz [M0003139]
  
• Nobecutan [M0021390]
  
• Nobesine [M0432395]
  
• Nobrium [M0353506]
  
• Nocodazole [M0024123]
  Nocodazole is an antineoplastic agent which exerts its effect by depolymerizing microtubules.
  
• Noctec [M0004115]
  
• Nocutil [M0492526]
  
• Nogalamycin [M0014939]
  An anthrocycline from a Streptomyces nogalater variant. It is a cytolytic antineoplastic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by binding to DNA.
  
• Nolvadex [M0373247]
  
• Nomifensine [M0014947]
  An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266)
  
• Nomifensine Maleate [M0353764]
  
• Nonachlazine [M0014949]
  Coronary vasodilator with a novel mechanism of action; proposed as antianginal agent.
  
• Nonoxynol [M0026036]
  Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.
  
• Nonoxynol, 1(4)-Sulfate, Sodium Salt [M0329329]
  
• Nonoxynol, 4-Sulfate, Ammonium Salt [M0329328]
  
• Nonoxynol-9 [M0026039]
  
• Nootropic Agents [M0028009]
  Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias. These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms. While no potent nootropic drugs have yet been accepted for general use, several are being actively investigated.
  
• Nootropil [M0016892]
  
• Nor-QD [M0014974]
  
• Noradr�naline tartrate renaudin [M0463951]
  
• Noramidopyrine Methanesulfonate [M0006538]
  
• Norciden [M0485001]
  
• Norcolut [M0014975]
  
• Norcolute [M0014976]
  
• Norcuron [M0022574]
  
• Nordaz [M0476799]
  
• Nordazepam [M0005804]
  An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.
  
• Nordefrin [M0013653]
  A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent.
  
• Nordefrin Hydrochloride [M0330074]
  
• Nordefrin Hydrochloride, (R*,R*)-(+,-)-Isomer [M0330011]
  
• Nordefrin Hydrochloride, (R*,S*)-(+,-)-Isomer [M0330018]
  
• Nordefrin Tartrate, (R*,R*), (R*,R*) Isomer [M0330016]
  
• Nordefrin Tartrate, (R*,S*), (R*,R*) Isomer [M0330015]
  
• Nordefrin, (R*,R*)-Isomer [M0330010]
  
• Nordefrin, (R*,S*)-Isomer [M0330020]
  
• Nordette [M0351268]
  
• Nordexfendluramine [M0014979]
  
• Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid [M0014961]
  A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.
  
• Norditropin [M0028845]
  
• Norepinephrin d-Tartrate (1:1) [M0329973]
  
• Norepinephrine [M0014964]
  Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
  
• Norepinephrine Bitartrate [M0329978]
  
• Norepinephrine Hydrochloride [M0329974]
  
• Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+)-Isomer [M0329976]
  
• Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer [M0329979]
  
• Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), (+,-)-Isomer [M0329975]
  
• Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate [M0329977]
  
• Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate, (+)-Isomer [M0329980]
  
• Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:2) [M0329983]
  
• Norepinephrine l-Tartrate, (+)-Isomer [M0329982]
  
• Norepinephrine, (+)-Isomer [M0329972]
  
• Norepinephrine, (+,-)-Isomer [M0329971]
  
• Norethandrolone [M0014968]
  A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.
  
• Norethindrone [M0014969]
  A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for contraception.
  
• Norethindrone, (1 beta)-Isomer [M0329986]
  
• Norethynodrel [M0014977]
  A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and endometriosis. As a contraceptive, it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.
  
• Norethynodrel, (8 alpha)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329987]
  
• Norfenazin [M0464776]
  
• Norfenfluramine [M0014978]
  A FENFLURAMINE analog that inhibits serotonin uptake and may provoke release of serotonin. It is used as an appetite depressant and an experimental tool in animal studies.
  
• Norferan [M0477646]
  
• Norflex [M0015459]
  
• Norflex Orphenadrine Citrate [M0352762]
  
• Norfloxacin [M0014980]
  A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.
  
• Norgeston [M0463415]
  
• Norgestrel [M0014981]
  A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.
  
• Norgestrienone [M0014986]
  A synthetic steroid with progestational and contraceptive activities.
  
• Norisen [M0116088]
  
• Norisodrine [M0350513]
  
• Norit [M0371710]
  
• Norkotral Tema [M0476081]
  
• NorLevo [M0463416]
  
• Norlutin [M0014971]
  
• Normase [M0357386]
  
• Normegon [M0333588]
  FSH:LH = 3:1
  
• Normelubrine [M0006537]
  
• Normison [M0476080]
  
• Normitab [M0476089]
  
• Normodyne [M0012100]
  
• Norpace [M0369573]
  
• Norplant [M0025736]
  
• Norpramin [M0485024]
  
• Nortem [M0476090]
  
• Nortrilen [M0464777]
  
• Nortriptyline [M0015002]
  A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.
  
• Nortriptyline Hydrochloride [M0350572]
  
• Norvasc [M0026286]
  
• Norvir [M0028919]
  
• Noscapect [M0464786]
  
• Noscapine [M0015008]
  A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.
  
• Noscapine Hydrochloride [M0464788]
  
• Noscapine Hydrogen Embonate [M0015009]
  
• Nosodes [M0332589]
  
• Nostrums [M0015015]
  Medicines whose effectiveness is unproven and whose ingredients are often secret.
  
• Notezine [M0485053]
  
• Novalgetol [M0372395]
  
• Novalgin [M0372394]
  
• Novalsan [M0350943]
  
• Novaminsulfone [M0390983]
  
• Novamobarb [M0433372]
  
• Novanox [M0476765]
  
• Novantrone [M0013955]
  
• Novapirina [M0006291]
  
• Noviben [M0372311]
  
• Novidium [M0354091]
  
• Novo-5 ASA [M0474828]
  
• Novo-Acebutolol [M0431315]
  
• Novo-Alprazol [M0432033]
  
• Novo-Benzydamine [M0477226]
  
• Novo-Buspirone [M0465830]
  
• Novo-Desipramine [M0485023]
  
• Novo-Diflunisal [M0485067]
  
• Novo-Dipiradol [M0485234]
  
• Novo-Domperidone [M0492500]
  
• Novo-Fenofibrate [M0478160]
  
• Novo-Flurprofen [M0478665]
  
• Novo-Flutamide [M0482804]
  
• Novo-Fluvoxamine [M0482919]
  
• Novo-Gemfibrozil [M0482998]
  
• Novo-Gliclazide [M0483100]
  
• Novo-Levobunolol [M0463367]
  
• Novo-Lorazem [M0464809]
  
• Novo-Maprotiline [M0474724]
  
• Novo-Mexiletine [M0474271]
  
• Novo-Misoprostol [M0474347]
  
• Novo-Moclobemide [M0474425]
  
• Novo-Nortriptyline [M0464778]
  
• Novo-Sertraline [M0475549]
  
• Novo-Spiroton [M0475753]
  
• Novo-Sundac [M0476027]
  
• Novo-Temazepam [M0476091]
  
• Novo-Trazodone [M0476873]
  
• Novobetaine [M0460097]
  
• Novocain [M0475890]
  
• Novocainamide [M0352445]
  
• Novocaine [M0017614]
  
• Novocamid [M0017607]
  
• Novodigal [M0000185]
  
• Novodrin [M0350512]
  
• Novolin [M0011420]
  
• Novophyllin [M0351371]
  
• Novoprotect [M0433233]
  
• Novopurol [M0451709]
  
• Novoter [M0478611]
  
• Novothyral [M0070173]
  
• Novothyrox [M0463513]
  
• Noxiron [M0373001]
  
• Noxyflex-S [M0015025]
  
• Noxythiolin [M0015024]
  Local antibacterial that probably acts by releasing formaldehyde in aqueous solutions. It is used for irrigation of infected body cavities - bladder, peritoneum, etc. and as a spray for burns.
  
• Nozucar [M0434516]
  
• NP-27 [M0476672]
  
• NPT-10381 [M0331928]
  
• NRDC-143 [M0056342]
  
• NRDC-147 [M0056343]
  
• NSC 1026 [M0351826]
  
• NSC 245382 [M0352097]
  
• NSC-10107 [M0351948]
  
• NSC-102816 [M0351376]
  
• NSC-104800 [M0350699]
  
• NSC-109,724 [M0351952]
  
• NSC-112907 [M0373892]
  
• NSC-1149 [M0373522]
  
• NSC-119875 [M0373521]
  
• NSC-122819 [M0357359]
  
• NSC-125973 [M0352957]
  
• NSC-129943 [M0363545]
  
• NSC-132313 [M0350698]
  
• NSC-134087 [M0351884]
  
• NSC-141540 [M0350940]
  
• NSC-141549 [M0001040]
  
• NSC-145,668 [M0376273]
  
• NSC-156303 [M0001041]
  
• NSC-16895 [M0372618]
  
• NSC-169780 [M0363574]
  
• NSC-180,024 [M0003574]
  
• NSC-208734 [M0350661]
  
• NSC-218321 [M0333703]
  
• NSC-234714 [M0351964]
  
• NSC-238159 [M0353563]
  
• NSC-241240 [M0328875]
  
• NSC-245467 [M0022682]
  
• NSC-249008 [M0353849]
  
• NSC-249992 [M0372295]
  
• NSC-256439 [M0350672]
  
• NSC-256942 [M0350669]
  
• NSC-26271 [M0369304]
  
• NSC-269148 [M0351725]
  
• NSC-279836 [M0350510]
  
• NSC-287836 [M0350518]
  
• NSC-296961 [M0352164]
  
• NSC-299195 [M0013956]
  
• NSC-301467 [M0352076]
  
• NSC-301739 [M0350519]
  
• NSC-301739D [M0350511]
  
• NSC-3088 [M0372321]
  
• NSC-322921 [M0353557]
  
• NSC-328564 [M0353848]
  
• NSC-32946 [M0350966]
  
• NSC-351140 [M0351963]
  
• NSC-38297 [M0373518]
  
• NSC-39661 [M0373537]
  
• NSC-45383 [M0352655]
  
• NSC-45388 [M0352398]
  
• NSC-46015 [M0373884]
  
• NSC-4911 [M0373893]
  
• NSC-606170 [M0332662]
  
• NSC-609699 [M0352658]
  
• NSC-612049 [M0328965]
  
• NSC-6396 [M0352206]
  
• NSC-71047 [M0354223]
  
• NSC-762 [M0013176]
  
• NSC-79037 [M0373554]
  
• NSC-82151 [M0350663]
  
• NSC-89199 [M0351240]
  
• NSC-94,100 [M0350700]
  
• NSC-95441 [M0352090]
  
• NSC-B116209 [M0373874]
  
• NSD-1055 [M0352314]
  
• Nu-Alpraz [M0432034]
  
• Nu-Baclo [M0454547]
  
• Nu-Buspirone [M0465831]
  
• Nu-Desipramine [M0485022]
  
• Nu-Diflunisal [M0485068]
  
• Nu-Domperidone [M0492513]
  
• Nu-Fenofibrate [M0478177]
  
• Nu-Flurbiprofen [M0478666]
  
• Nu-Fluvoxamine [M0482920]
  
• Nu-Gemfibrozil [M0483084]
  
• Nu-Loraz [M0464810]
  
• Nu-Medopa [M0474251]
  
• Nu-Mefenamic [M0473924]
  
• Nu-Megestrol [M0473937]
  
• Nu-Moclobemide [M0474426]
  
• Nu-Nortriptyline [M0464779]
  
• Nu-Pravastatin [M0475490]
  
• Nu-Sulfinpyrazone [M0475943]
  
• Nu-Sulindac [M0476028]
  
• Nu-Temazepam [M0476092]
  
• Nu-Trazodone [M0476874]
  
• Nubain [M0014434]
  
• Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors [M0028850]
  Compounds that inhibit cell production of DNA or RNA.
  
• Nucleic Acid Vaccines [M0028928]
  
• Nuctalon [M0485327]
  
• Nuelin S.A. [M0021288]
  
• Nulogyl [M0352079]
  
• Numorphan [M0015685]
  
• Nupercainal [M0350886]
  
• Nupercaine [M0350885]
  
• Nuprin [M0010972]
  
• Nutropin [M0028847]
  
• Nylidrin [M0015132]
  A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.
  
• Nylidrin Hydrochloride [M0015133]
  
• Obidoxime [M0015163]
  
• Obidoxime Chloride [M0015162]
  Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.
  
• Obsidan [M0350580]
  
• Octocaine [M0350847]
  
• Octopamine [M0014995]
  An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.
  
• Octoxynol [M0026938]
  Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.
  
• Octoxynol-9 [M0026939]
  
• Octreotide [M0023526]
  A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat hormone-secreting tumors; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC; HYPERINSULINISM; hypergastrinemia; and small bowel fistula.
  
• Octreotide Acetate [M0329524]
  
• Ocufen [M0478670]
  
• Oculinum [M0373308]
  
• Oculotect [M0475337]
  
• Ocusert [M0016859]
  
• Oestrasid [M0352325]
  
• Oestrofeminal [M0492519]
  
• Oestrophan [M0351573]
  
• Ofloxacin [M0023430]
  A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.
  
• Ofloxacin Hydrochloride [M0329515]
  
• Oftan-IDU [M0010994]
  
• OK-432 [M0373873]
  
• OL 27-400 [M0378530]
  
• Oleate [M0028735]
  
• Oleic Acid [M0028734]
  An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
  
• OLUX [M0451778]
  
• Omeprazole [M0015293]
  A highly effective inhibitor of gastric acid secretion used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase (H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE) in the proton pump of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.
  
• Omnizole [M0353570]
  
• Omnopon [M0015343]
  
• Oncocarbide [M0352404]
  
• Oncosal [M0482904]
  
• Oncovin [M0022679]
  
• Ondansetron [M0026254]
  A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.
  
• Ondansetron Monohydrochloride [M0329262]
  
• Ondansetron Monohydrochloride Dihydrate [M0329259]
  
• Ondansetron, (+,-)-Isomer [M0329261]
  
• Ondansetron, (R)-Isomer [M0329264]
  
• Ondansetron, (S)-Isomer [M0329263]
  
• Ondogyne [M0352322]
  
• Onkocristin [M0476546]
  
• Onkodox [M0479797]
  
• Onkofluor [M0478653]
  
• Onkoposid [M0478095]
  
• Onkotrone [M0474353]
  
• Onxol [M0474880]
  
• Ony-Clear [M0476673]
  
• Opalgyne [M0477227]
  
• OPC-1085 [M0003564]
  
• OPC-2009 [M0026204]
  
• Operidine [M0352601]
  
• Operidine EPJ-I [M0013424]
  
• Ophthalmic Solutions [M0015329]
  Sterile solutions, essentially free from foreign particles and suitably compounded and dispensed, for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
  
• Ophthochlor [M0004126]
  
• Opilon Brand of Moxisylyte Hydrochloride [M0474462]
  
• Opino [M0485324]
  
• Opioids [M0014482]
  
• Opipramol [M0015335]
  A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE.
  
• Opipramol Hydrochloride [M0329996]
  
• Opium [M0015344]
  The air-dried exudate from the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, or its variant, P. album. It contains a number of alkaloids, but only a few - MORPHINE; CODEINE; and PAPAVERINE - have clinical significance. Opium has been used as an analgesic, antitussive, antidiarrheal, and antispasmodic.
  
• Optalgin [M0372393]
  
• Optazine [M0462897]
  
• Opthavir [M0450442]
  
• Opticrom [M0006580]
  
• Optimax [M0485379]
  
• Optimil [M0474831]
  
• Optimol [M0021550]
  
• OR-Tyl [M0477665]
  
• Orabet [M0476644]
  
• Oradexon [M0372343]
  
• Oral Contraceptives, Low-Dose [M0005115]
  
• Oral Contraceptives, Phasic [M0005116]
  
• Oraldene [M0373017]
  
• Oraminic-2 [M0465099]
  
• Oramorph SR [M0369448]
  
• Oranil [M0352363]
  
• Orap [M0474774]
  
• Orasone [M0475833]
  
• Orchid Fresh II [M0459667]
  
• Orciprenaline [M0015386]
  A beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and bronchospasms.
  
• Ordiflazine [M0353372]
  
• Oretic [M0373031]
  
• Oreton [M0351101]
  
• ORF-15927 [M0351571]
  
• ORF-28489 [M0333652]
  
• Org 32489 [M0211977]
  
• Org GB 94 [M0013725]
  
• Org-2969 [M0351285]
  
• ORG-31338 [M0013387]
  
• Organophosphate Insecticide Antagonists [M0004299]
  
• Orgatrax [M0010793]
  
• Orinase [M0352382]
  
• Oriprim [M0024013]
  
• ORLAAM [M0463270]
  
• Ornid [M0350983]
  
• Ornidazole [M0015428]
  A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.
  
• Ornidyl [M0000788]
  
• Ornipressin [M0015429]
  A synthetic analog of vasopressin with ORNITHINE substitution at residue 8 of the cyclic nonapeptide. It is used as a local vasoconstrictor and hemostatic.
  
• Orobronze [M0351959]
  
• Oroxine [M0463515]
  
• Orphenadrine [M0015454]
  A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.
  
• Orphenadrine Citrate [M0015455]
  
• Orphenadrine Hydrochloride [M0329877]
  
• Orstanorm [M0354247]
  
• Ortacrone [M0433216]
  
• Ortho Dienestrol [M0477671]
  
• Orthoclone OKT3 [M0373290]
  
• Orthofen [M0006292]
  
• Ortoton [M0474834]
  
• Orudis [M0011998]
  
• Oryzacystatin [M0024323]
  
• Oseltamivir [M0282076]
  An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.
  
• Osmitrol [M0337705]
  
• Osmofundin [M0012996]
  
• Osmosin [M0011241]
  
• Osprovit [M0027026]
  
• Ossein-Hydroxyapatite Compound [M0027021]
  
• Ossin [M0372640]
  
• Ossopan [M0027027]
  
• Osteogen [M0027028]
  
• Osteotriol [M0467156]
  
• Osvan [M0350979]
  
• Ouabain [M0015582]
  A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.
  
• Ovestin [M0007790]
  
• Ovidon [M0351279]
  
• Ovocyclin [M0007776]
  
• Ovral [M0351281]
  
• Ovrette [M0014984]
  
• Oxacillin, Monosodium Salt, Monohydrate [M0329880]
  
• Oxamniquine [M0015634]
  An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martidale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121)
  
• Oxandrin [M0350976]
  
• Oxandrolone [M0015635]
  A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.
  
• Oxazepam [M0015637]
  A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.
  
• Oxazolidinones [M0361132]
  Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.
  
• Oxazolone [M0015642]
  Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.
  
• Oxedrine [M0350536]
  
• Oxiconum [M0352935]
  
• Oxidopamine [M0025343]
  A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.
  
• Oxidopamine Hydrobromide [M0329482]
  
• Oxidopamine Hydrochloride [M0329481]
  
• Oxifungol [M0478569]
  
• Oxiken [M0485251]
  
• Oxolinic Acid [M0015656]
  Synthetic antimicrobial related to NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.
  
• Oxonic Acid [M0015657]
  Antagonist of urate oxidase.
  
• Oxotremorine [M0015658]
  A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.
  
• Oxprenolol [M0015659]
  A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.
  
• Oxprenolol Hydrochloride [M0329900]
  
• Oxsoralen [M0354221]
  
• Oxsoralen-Ultra [M0474232]
  
• Oxy Skin Wash [M0476892]
  
• Oxycel [M0357364]
  
• Oxyclozanide [M0015663]
  Anthelmintic used in grazing animals for fasciola and cestode infestations.
  
• Oxycodone [M0015664]
  Semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE that acts as a narcotic analgesic more potent and addicting than codeine.
  
• Oxycodone Hydrochloride [M0329901]
  
• Oxycone [M0354267]
  
• Oxycontin [M0442595]
  A controlled-release form of oxycodone.
  
• Oxydess [M0485038]
  
• Oxydol [M0384294]
  
• Oxyfedrine [M0015670]
  A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.
  
• Oxymetazoline [M0015681]
  A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251)
  
• Oxymetholone [M0015682]
  A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Oxymetholone, (17 beta)-Isomer [M0331237]
  
• Oxymetholone, (5 alpha,17 alpha)-Isomer [M0331236]
  
• Oxymorphone [M0015684]
  An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)
  
• Oxymorphone Hydrochloride [M0352949]
  
• Oxyphenbutazone [M0015686]
  A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27)
  
• Oxyphenisatin [M0015688]
  
• Oxyphenisatin Acetate [M0015689]
  A laxative that undergoes enterohepatic circulation. It may cause jaundice.
  
• Oxyphenonium [M0015691]
  A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.
  
• Oxyphenonium Bromide [M0015692]
  
• Oxyphenonium Bromide, (+)-Isomer [M0329910]
  
• Oxyphenonium Bromide, (+-)-Isomer [M0329904]
  
• Oxyphenonium Bromide, (-)-Isomer [M0329911]
  
• Oxyphenonium Chloride [M0015693]
  
• Oxyphenonium Iodide [M0015694]
  
• Oxyphenonium Iodide, (R)-Isomer [M0329907]
  
• Oxyphenonium Iodide, (S)-Isomer [M0329908]
  
• Oxyphenonium, (+-)-Isomer [M0329909]
  
• Oxyphenonium, (R)-Isomer [M0329912]
  
• Oxyphenonium, (S)-Isomer [M0329913]
  
• Oxypurinol [M0015696]
  A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
  
• Oxyquinoline [M0023266]
  An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.
  
• Oxyquinoline Potassium Sulfate (2:1) [M0329510]
  
• Oxyquinoline Sulfate [M0329511]
  
• Oxythiamine [M0015701]
  Thiamine antagonist, antimetabolite.
  
• Oxytocics [M0015702]
  Drugs that stimulate contraction of the myometrium. They are used to induce LABOR, OBSTETRIC at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage, and to assess fetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (ABORTIFACIENTS). Oxytocics used clinically include the neurohypophyseal hormone OXYTOCIN and certain prostaglandins and ergot alkaloids. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p1157)
  
• Oxytocin [M0015703]
  A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on smooth muscle cells, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.
  
• P-071 [M0353369]
  
• P-113 [M0372432]
  
• P-113 Acetate [M0372431]
  
• P-1496 [M0352051]
  
• P-23 [M0352566]
  
• P-638 [M0369376]
  
• p-Aminosalicylic Acid [M0015721]
  An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.
  
• p-Aminosalicylic Acid Monolithium Salt [M0329928]
  
• p-Aminosalicylic Acid Monopotassium Salt [M0329923]
  
• p-Aminosalicylic Acid Monosodium Salt [M0329924]
  
• p-Aminosalicylic Acid, Aluminum (2:1) Salt [M0329927]
  
• p-Aminosalicylic Acid, Calcium (2:1) Salt [M0329925]
  
• p-Aminosalicylic Acid, Monosodium Salt, Dihydrate [M0329926]
  
• p-Azobenzenearsonate [M0015722]
  A hapten capable of eliciting both antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity when bound to aromatic amino acids, polypeptides or proteins. It is used as an immunologic research tool.
  
• p-Chloroamphetamine [M0015724]
  Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.
  
• p-Chlorophenoxyisobutyrate [M0004585]
  
• p-Fluorophenylalanine [M0015727]
  3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.
  
• p-Hydroxyamphetamine [M0015728]
  Amphetamine metabolite with sympathomimetic effects. It is sometimes called alpha-methyltyramine, which may also refer to the meta isomer, gepefrine.
  
• p-Hydroxynorephedrine [M0015731]
  Parahydroxy analog of phenylpropanolamine with properties as a sympathomimetic.
  
• p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine [M0351213]
  A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.
  
• Pabagel [M0458853]
  
• Pabasan [M0458851]
  
• Paclitaxel [M0026156]
  A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.
  
• Paclitaxel, (4 alpha)-Isomer [M0329331]
  
• P�diamuc [M0451900]
  
• Palfium [M0485041]
  
• Palin [M0352643]
  
• Palladone [M0475584]
  Hydromorphone hydrochloride extended release.
  
• Palpitin [M0369572]
  
• Paludrine [M0004167]
  
• Pamelor [M0015003]
  
• Pamisyl [M0351705]
  
• PAMP(1-20)NH2 [M0459452]
  
• Panacide [M0006278]
  
• Panacrine [M0005649]
  
• Panacur [M0351491]
  
• Panadol [M0000120]
  
• Panangin [M0017382]
  
• Panasol [M0475834]
  
• Panavir [M0353861]
  
• Pancodine [M0352936]
  
• Pancrease [M0045746]
  
• Pancreatin [M0015807]
  A mammalian pancreatic extract composed of enzymes with protease, amylase and lipase activities. It is used as a digestant in pancreatic malfunction.
  
• Pancrecarb [M0474982]
  
• Pancrelipase [M0045748]
  A preparation of hog pancreatic enzymes standardized for lipase content.
  
• Pancron [M0474983]
  
• Pancuronium [M0015813]
  A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.
  
• Pancuronium Bromide [M0015814]
  
• Pancuronium Curamed [M0474874]
  
• Panitol [M0476010]
  
• Panokase [M0474984]
  
• PanOxyl [M0002376]
  
• Panteric [M0333687]
  
• Pantocaine [M0392798]
  
• Pantopon [M0015345]
  
• Panzytrat [M0333686]
  
• Papain [M0015826]
  A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.
  
• Papaveretum [M0015346]
  
• Papaverine [M0015830]
  An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.
  
• Papaverine Hydrochloride [M0331238]
  
• Papillomavirus Vaccines [M0498157]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS. Human vaccines are intended to reduce the incidence of UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS, so they are sometimes considered a type of CANCER VACCINES. They are often composed of CAPSID PROTEINS, especially L1 protein, from various types of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS.
  
• Papulex [M0463403]
  
• para-Tyramine [M0022195]
  
• Parabaxin [M0474835]
  
• Parabens [M0015856]
  Proprietary name for the methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)
  
• Paraflex [M0353610]
  
• Parafon [M0478308]
  
• Parafon Forte DSC [M0478309]
  
• Parainfluenza Vaccines [M0357123]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with parainfluenza viruses in humans and animals.
  
• Paraldehyde [M0015876]
  A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9)
  
• Paralergin [M0434829]
  
• Paramethasone [M0015883]
  A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)
  
• Paraminol [M0373131]
  
• Paramorphan [M0006408]
  
• Paraplatin [M0024708]
  
• Parasympatholytics [M0015923]
  Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS.
  
• Parasympathomimetics [M0015925]
  Drugs that mimic the effects of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate muscarinic receptors and drugs that potentiate cholinergic activity, usually by slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS). Drugs that stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS) are not included here.
  
• Paratect [M0353423]
  
• Parathar [M0028837]
  
• Paratyphoid Vaccine [M0022187]
  
• Parazone [M0352345]
  
• Paredrine [M0351207]
  
• Pargyline [M0015951]
  A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.
  
• Pargyline Hydrochloride [M0015952]
  
• Parlodel [M0002947]
  
• Parmidine [M0352565]
  
• Parnate [M0476866]
  
• Paronal [M0434512]
  
• Paroxetine [M0026386]
  A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.
  
• Paroxetine Acetate [M0329209]
  
• Paroxetine Hydrochloride [M0329211]
  
• Paroxetine Hydrochloride, Hemihydrate [M0329206]
  
• Paroxetine Maleate [M0329208]
  
• Paroxetine, cis-(+)-Isomer [M0329204]
  
• Paroxetine, cis-(-)-Isomer [M0329205]
  
• Paroxetine, trans-(+)-Isomer [M0329207]
  
• Partusisten [M0337805]
  
• Pathomycin [M0019902]
  
• Patulin [M0016076]
  4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.
  
• Pavabid [M0353766]
  
• Pavatym [M0353767]
  
• Pavulon [M0015815]
  
• Paxene [M0352959]
  
• Paxil [M0026387]
  
• PD-107779 [M0372348]
  
• Pearl Oral Contraceptive [M0351282]
  
• Pect Hustenl�ser [M0451875]
  
• Pectins [M0016080]
  High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
  
• Pedameth [M0013576]
  
• Peflacine [M0353998]
  
• Pefloxacin [M0023653]
  A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
  
• Pefloxacin Mesylate [M0331239]
  
• Pelentan [M0372414]
  
• PemADD [M0474038]
  
• Pemoline [M0016107]
  A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.
  
• Pemoline Compounds [M0016108]
  
• Pemoline Magnesium [M0016109]
  
• Pempidine [M0016114]
  A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs.
  
• Penbutolol [M0016117]
  A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.
  
• Penbutolol Sulfate [M0016118]
  
• Penetrex [M0485306]
  
• Penfluridol [M0016119]
  One of the long-acting ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS used for maintenance or long-term therapy of SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS.
  
• Penicillamine [M0016122]
  3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.
  
• Pentacarinat [M0333701]
  
• Pentacine [M0006864]
  
• Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate [M0016166]
  A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025)
  
• Pentafraction [M0010762]
  
• Pentagastrin [M0016168]
  A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.
  
• Pentam [M0474059]
  
• Pentamidine [M0016169]
  Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.
  
• Pentamidine Isethionate [M0016170]
  
• Pentamidine Mesylate [M0016171]
  
• Pentasa [M0029388]
  
• Pentaspan [M0474158]
  
• Pentazocine [M0016179]
  The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)
  
• Pentazocine Hydrochloride [M0329815]
  
• Pentazocine Lactate [M0329814]
  
• Pentazol [M0373139]
  
• Pentetic Acid [M0006866]
  An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.
  
• Penthrane [M0351783]
  
• Pentobarbital [M0016182]
  A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
  
• Pentobarbital Sodium [M0329816]
  
• Pentolinium [M0016185]
  
• Pentolinium Tartrate [M0016186]
  A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.
  
• Pentosan Polysulfate [M0016193]
  
• Pentosan Polysulphate Sodium [M0016189]
  
• Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester [M0016187]
  A sulfated pentosyl polysaccharide with heparin-like properties.
  
• Pentostam [M0001478]
  
• Pentostatin [M0023987]
  A potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The drug is effective in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly hairy-cell leukemia. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.
  
• Pentothal [M0021367]
  
• Pentoxifylline [M0016198]
  A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production.
  
• Pentoxyl [M0016202]
  5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil.
  
• Pentylenetetrazole [M0016203]
  A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.
  
• Pepcid [M0024122]
  
• Pepsamer [M0431972]
  
• Pepsin 1 [M0016205]
  
• Pepsin 3 [M0016206]
  
• Pepsin A [M0016204]
  Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.
  
• Peptavlon [M0373136]
  
• Peptichemio [M0016214]
  A mixture of six synthetic oligopeptides, each containing MELPHALAN. It is used as a broad-spectrum antineoplastic due to its alkylating and antimetabolic actions but, is toxic to bone marrow, gastrointestinal system and vasculature.
  
• Peptide T [M0024099]
  N-(N-(N(2)-(N-(N-(N-(N-D-Alanyl L-seryl)-L-threonyl)-L-threonyl) L-threonyl)-L-asparaginyl)-L-tyrosyl) L-threonine. Octapeptide sharing sequence homology with HIV envelope protein gp120. It is potentially useful as antiviral agent in AIDS therapy. The core pentapeptide sequence, TTNYT, consisting of amino acids 4-8 in peptide T, is the HIV envelope sequence required for attachment to the CD4 receptor.
  
• Perazine [M0016251]
  A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.
  
• Perazine Dihydrochloride [M0329823]
  
• Perazine Maleate [M0329824]
  
• Perazine Maleate (1:1) [M0329821]
  
• Perazine Maleate (1:2) [M0329822]
  
• Percocet [M0015666]
  
• Percoffedrinol N [M0466583]
  
• Percutaf�ine [M0466585]
  
• Perdipine [M0014822]
  
• Peremin [M0010391]
  
• Perfan [M0026328]
  
• Perfudal [M0478152]
  
• Pergolide [M0016279]
  A long-acting dopamine agonist which is effective in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and hyperprolactinemia. It has also been observed to have antihypertensive effects.
  
• Pergolide Mesylate [M0329825]
  
• Pergonal [M0013390]
  
• Pergonal-500 [M0013386]
  
• Perhepar [M0012649]
  
• Perhexiline [M0016281]
  2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.
  
• Perhydrol [M0010719]
  
• Periactin [M0005521]
  
• P�ridys [M0492511]
  
• Perindopril [M0129811]
  An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.
  
• Perindopril Erbumine [M0322048]
  
• Periograf [M0027029]
  
• Peripheral Nervous System Agents [M0027599]
  Drugs that act principally at one or more sites within the peripheral neuroeffector systems, the autonomic system, and motor nerve-skeletal system. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p75)
  
• Periston [M0351814]
  
• Peritol [M0005522]
  
• Peritrate [M0350688]
  
• Perlinganit [M0009444]
  
• Perlutex [M0026193]
  
• Permax [M0352831]
  
• Permethrin [M0056353]
  A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES.
  
• Permethrin, (1R-cis)-Isomer [M0311199]
  
• Permethrin, (1R-trans)-Isomer [M0311196]
  
• Permethrin, (1S-cis)-Isomer [M0311200]
  
• Permethrin, (1S-trans)-Isomer [M0311201]
  
• Permethrin, (cis)-Isomer [M0311202]
  
• Permethrin, (cis-(+-))-Isomer [M0311198]
  
• Permethrin, (trans)-Isomer [M0311203]
  
• Permethrin, (trans-(+-))-Isomer [M0311197]
  
• Perphenazine [M0016378]
  An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.
  
• Persantine [M0006534]
  
• Perstarium [M0129810]
  
• Pertechnetate [M0021103]
  
• Pertofrane [M0006075]
  
• Pertussis Vaccine [M0016424]
  A suspension of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms, used for immunization against pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH). It is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP). There is an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared from the purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis, which causes fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine and, like the whole-cell vaccine, is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Pervincamine [M0353113]
  
• Perycit [M0361625]
  
• Perylene [M0016426]
  A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.
  
• Peteha [M0476058]
  
• Petnidan [M0477819]
  
• Petrolatum, White [M0016437]
  
• Petylyl [M0485021]
  
• Pevaryl [M0006990]
  
• Peyote [M0013458]
  
• PF-1593 [M0350890]
  
• Phanurane [M0351292]
  
• Pharken [M0474226]
  
• Pharmaceutical Preparations [M0006857]
  Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.
  
• Pharmaceutical Preparations, Dental [M0491963]
  Drugs intended for DENTISTRY.
  
• Pharmaceutical Solutions [M0029705]
  Homogeneous liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved, i.e., molecularly dispersed, in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents. For reasons of their ingredients, method of preparation, or use, they do not fall into another group of products.
  
• Pharmadine [M0017409]
  
• Pharmalgen [M0116085]
  
• Pharmaxolon [M0003344]
  
• Phazyme 125 [M0352160]
  
• Phemeride [M0002341]
  
• Phemerol [M0002342]
  
• Phemethryn [M0002338]
  
• Phenacetin [M0016487]
  A non-prostaglandin synthase inhibitor. It was utilized extensively in a wide variety of analgesic mixtures, but its causal role in analgesic-abuse nephropathy led to its withdrawal from the market. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology,1991, p431)
  
• Phenadone [M0013542]
  
• Phenanthrenes [M0016488]
  
• Phenantoin [M0353223]
  
• Phenazo [M0474755]
  
• Phenazocine [M0016492]
  An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095)
  
• Phenazocine Hydrobromide [M0329828]
  
• Phenazopyridine [M0016493]
  A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.
  
• Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride [M0474762]
  
• Phencyclidine [M0016495]
  A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.
  
• Phencyclidine Hydrobromide [M0329829]
  
• Phencyclidine Hydrochloride [M0329830]
  
• Phenelzine [M0016502]
  One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.
  
• Phenelzine Sulfate [M0351800]
  
• Phenergan [M0017710]
  
• Phenidylate [M0351722]
  
• Phenindione [M0016509]
  An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)
  
• Pheniramine [M0016510]
  One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.
  
• Pheniramine Maleate [M0329832]
  
• Phenmetrazine [M0016512]
  A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
  
• Phenmetrazine Hydrochloride [M0331241]
  
• Phenobarbital [M0016514]
  A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.
  
• Phenobarbital Sodium [M0331275]
  
• Phenol [M0029379]
  An antiseptic and disinfectant. It is active against a wide range of micro-organisms including some fungi and viruses, but is only slowly effective against spores. It has been used to disinfect skin and to relieve itching. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p801)
  
• Phenol, Sodium Salt [M0331242]
  
• Phenolphthalein [M0029852]
  An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.
  
• Phenoperidine [M0016522]
  A narcotic analgesic partly metabolized to meperidine in the liver. It is similar to morphine in action and used for neuroleptanalgesia, usually with droperidol.
  
• Phenoperidine Hydrochloride [M0329833]
  
• Phenoxybenzamine [M0016529]
  An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.
  
• Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride [M0016530]
  
• Phenprocoumon [M0016532]
  Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.
  
• Phenprogramma [M0474432]
  
• Phensedyl [M0017705]
  
• Phentermine [M0016536]
  A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.
  
• Phentermine Hydrochloride [M0016537]
  
• Phentolamine [M0016538]
  A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.
  
• Phentolamine Mesylate [M0016539]
  
• Phentolamine Mono-hydrochloride [M0331246]
  
• Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase [M0016545]
  An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of L-phenylalanine to form trans-cinnamate and ammonia. It may also act on L-tyrosine. Since the enzyme deprives neoplastic tissue of phenylalanine, it has been used experimentally in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The enzyme is obtained from many plants. EC 4.3.1.5.
  
• Phenylbutazone [M0016548]
  A drug that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It is especially effective in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. It also is useful in rheumatoid arthritis and Reiter's syndrome (investigational indication). Although phenylbutazone is effective in gouty arthritis, risk/benefit considerations indicate that this drug should not be employed for this disease. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p1822)
  
• Phenylephrine [M0016556]
  An alpha-adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.
  
• Phenylephrine Hydrochloride [M0016557]
  
• Phenylephrine Tannate [M0423770]
  
• Phenylethyl Alcohol [M0016505]
  An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.
  
• Phenylethylmalonamide [M0016562]
  A metabolite of primidone.
  
• Phenylglyoxal [M0016564]
  A reagent that is highly selective for the modification of arginyl residues. It is used to selectively inhibit various enzymes and acts as an energy transfer inhibitor in photophosphorylation.
  
• Phenyline [M0351702]
  
• Phenylisopropyladenosine [M0016566]
  N-Isopropyl-N-phenyl-adenosine. Antilipemic agent. Synonym: TH 162.
  
• Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride [M0016570]
  An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.
  
• Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester [M0007607]
  An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide.
  
• Phenylpropanolamine [M0016572]
  A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.
  
• Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride [M0016571]
  RN should be 154-41-6
  
• Phenylthiazolylthiourea [M0016575]
  A dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor.
  
• Phenytoin [M0016580]
  An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
  
• Phetanol [M0007917]
  
• pHisoHex [M0476893]
  
• Phlorhizin [M0016615]
  
• Phloroglucinol [M0016616]
  1,3,5-Benzenetriol. A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.
  
• Phosphaden [M0000388]
  
• Phosphocreatine [M0016657]
  An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)
  
• Phosphocreatine, Disodium Salt [M0329845]
  
• Phosphocysteamine [M0005531]
  
• Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors [M0016659]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.
  
• Phospholine Iodide [M0352173]
  
• Phosphonoacetate [M0016687]
  
• Phosphonoacetic Acid [M0016688]
  A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.
  
• Phosphonoformate [M0026168]
  
• Phosphoramide Mustards [M0016714]
  A group of nitrogen mustard compounds which are substituted with a phosphoramide group or its derivatives. They are usually cytotoxic and used as antineoplastic agents.
  
• Phosphorylcholine [M0016734]
  Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.
  
• Photofrin [M0372995]
  
• Photofrin I [M0373299]
  
• Photofrin II [M0372994]
  
• Photosensitizing Agents [M0026299]
  Drugs that are pharmacologically inactive but when exposed to ultraviolet radiation or sunlight are converted to their active metabolite to produce a beneficial reaction affecting the diseased tissue. These compounds can be administered topically or systemically and have been used therapeutically to treat psoriasis and various types of neoplasms.
  
• Phthivazide [M0011773]
  
• Phyllocontin [M0432714]
  
• Phyllohydroquinone [M0362215]
  
• Phyllotemp [M0351370]
  
• Physeptone [M0013543]
  
• Physostigmine [M0016815]
  A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.
  
• Phytate [M0016822]
  
• Phytic Acid [M0016819]
  Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.
  
• Phytin [M0016820]
  
• Phytoestrogens [M0068568]
  PLANT EXTRACTS and compounds, primarily ISOFLAVONES, that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.
  
• Picibanil [M0016834]
  A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.
  
• Picrotoxin [M0016843]
  A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.
  
• Pilder [M0483085]
  
• Pilocarpine [M0016860]
  A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.
  
• Pilocarpine Hydrochloride [M0331262]
  
• Pilocarpine Nitrate [M0331261]
  
• Pima [M0475317]
  
• Pimozide [M0016871]
  A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)
  
• Pinacidil [M0029848]
  A potassium-channel opener that produces direct peripheral vasodilatation of the arterioles. It reduces blood pressure and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
  
• Pinacidil Anhydrous [M0329070]
  
• Pinadone [M0474185]
  
• Pinalgesic [M0473925]
  
• Pindac [M0350968]
  
• Pindione [M0474395]
  
• Pindolol [M0016872]
  A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638)
  
• Pipecuronium [M0026260]
  A piperazinyl androstane derivative which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS). It is used as a muscle relaxant during ANESTHESIA and surgical procedures.
  
• Pipecuronium Bromide [M0026262]
  
• Pipecuronium Dibromide, (16 alpha)-Isomer [M0329276]
  
• Pipecuronium Dibromide, (17 alpha)-Isomer [M0329279]
  
• Pipecuronium Dibromide, (3 beta)-Isomer [M0329275]
  
• Pipecuronium Dibromide, Dihydrate [M0329278]
  
• Pipecuronium, Dibromide [M0329277]
  
• Pipemidic Acid [M0016881]
  Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.
  
• Piperoxan [M0016888]
  A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent.
  
• Pipobroman [M0016890]
  An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.
  
• Pipolfen [M0017714]
  
• Pipolphen [M0017715]
  
• Pipram [M0474782]
  
• Piracebral [M0474904]
  
• Piracetam [M0016891]
  A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.
  
• Piracetam AbZ [M0474908]
  
• Piracetrop [M0474907]
  
• Piren-basan [M0475057]
  
• pirenzepin von ct [M0475058]
  
• Pirenzepin-ratiopharm [M0475059]
  
• Pirenzepine [M0016894]
  An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.
  
• Pirenzepine Dihydrochloride [M0475054]
  
• Piribedil [M0016896]
  A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.
  
• Piribedil Hydrochloride [M0329863]
  
• Piribedil Mesylate [M0329862]
  
• Piribedil Mono-hydrochloride [M0329865]
  
• Piriditol [M0373208]
  
• Pirinitramide [M0016897]
  A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.
  
• Piriton [M0004191]
  
• Piritoxina [M0373207]
  
• Piromidic Acid [M0016898]
  Antibacterial against mainly gram negative organisms. It is used for urinary tract and intestinal infections.
  
• Piroxicam [M0016899]
  A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily.
  
• Pitocin [M0373120]
  
• Pitressin [M0022563]
  
• Pituitrin [M0016920]
  A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).
  
• Pizotyline [M0016929]
  Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.
  
• PK-10,169 [M0357374]
  
• PK-26124 [M0373930]
  
• Placidel [M0433379]
  
• Placidyl [M0350670]
  
• Plague Vaccine [M0016950]
  A suspension of killed Yersinia pestis used for immunizing people in enzootic plague areas.
  
• Plan B [M0463417]
  
• Planipart [M0004557]
  
• Plant Extracts, Chinese [M0006859]
  
• Plant Preparations [M0381953]
  Material prepared from plants.
  
• Plantaglucide [M0018066]
  
• Plantago Seed [M0018070]
  
• Plaquenil [M0010753]
  
• Plasdone [M0351813]
  
• Plasma Substitutes [M0016980]
  Any liquid used to replace blood plasma, usually a saline solution, often with serum albumins, dextrans or other preparations. These substances do not enhance the oxygen- carrying capacity of blood, but merely replace the volume. They are also used to treat dehydration.
  
• Plasmasteril [M0010764]
  
• Plasmin [M0008432]
  A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by PLASMINOGEN activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins.
  
• Plasmin Inhibitor [M0001394]
  
• Plasminogen [M0016989]
  Precursor of fibrinolysin (plasmin). It is a single-chain beta-globulin of molecular weight 80-90,000 found mostly in association with fibrinogen in plasma; plasminogen activators change it to fibrinolysin. It is used in wound debriding and has been investigated as a thrombolytic agent.
  
• Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors [M0017012]
  Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.
  
• Platelet Antagonists [M0017013]
  
• Platelet Inhibitors [M0017014]
  
• Platidiam [M0004507]
  
• Platino [M0004508]
  
• Platinol [M0004509]
  
• Platinwas [M0477272]
  
• Plegicil [M0431451]
  
• Plendil [M0024119]
  
• Plicamycin [M0013935]
  A tricyclic pentaglycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces strains that inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by adhering to DNA. It is used as a fluorescent dye and as an antineoplastic agent, especially in bone and testicular tumors. Plicamycin is also used to reduce hypercalcemia, especially that due to malignancies.
  
• Pluriviron [M0476586]
  
• Pluserix [M0143262]
  
• PMS-Amantadine [M0432300]
  
• PMS-Baclofen [M0454548]
  
• PMS-Benztropine [M0459463]
  
• PMS-Benzydamine [M0477228]
  
• PMS-Bethanechol Chloride [M0460107]
  
• PMS-Buspirone [M0465832]
  
• PMS-Desipramine [M0485020]
  
• PMS-Domperidone [M0492512]
  
• PMS-Fenofibrate Micro [M0478178]
  
• PMS-Fluorometholone [M0478642]
  
• PMS-Flutamide [M0482905]
  
• PMS-Fluvoxamine [M0482921]
  
• PMS-Gemfibrozil [M0483086]
  
• PMS-Levobunolol [M0463368]
  
• PMS-Lindane [M0463940]
  
• PMS-Mefenamic Acid [M0473926]
  
• PMS-Moclobemide [M0474427]
  
• PMS-Nortriptyline [M0464780]
  
• PMS-Temazepam [M0476093]
  
• PMS-Trazodone [M0476875]
  
• PMS-Tryptophan [M0477044]
  
• PN 200-110 [M0372658]
  
• PN 205-034 [M0026223]
  
• PN-205-033 [M0026222]
  
• Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine [M0068580]
  
• Pneumococcal Vaccines [M0357124]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infections with STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.
  
• Pneumovax [M0068581]
  
• Pnu-Imune Vaccine [M0068579]
  
• Po 12 [M0485373]
  
• Podocon-25 [M0475070]
  
• Podophyllin [M0017086]
  Caustic extract from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi. It contains PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and its congeners and is very irritating to mucous membranes and skin. Podophyllin is a violent purgative that may cause CNS damage and teratogenesis. It is used as a paint for warts, skin neoplasms, and senile keratoses.
  
• Podophyllotoxin [M0017087]
  A lignan (LIGNANS) found in PODOPHYLLIN resin from the roots of PODOPHYLLUM plants. It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives.
  
• Podophyllotoxin, (5R-(5 alpha,5a alpha,8a alpha,9 alpha))-Isomer [M0329870]
  
• Podophyllotoxin, (5R-(5 alpha,5a alpha,8a alpha,9 beta))-Isomer [M0329868]
  
• Podophyllotoxin, (5R-(5 alpha,5a alpha,8a beta,9 alpha))-Isomer [M0329803]
  
• Podophyllotoxin, (5R-(5 alpha,5a beta,8a alpha,9 beta))-Isomer [M0329869]
  
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated [M0017115]
  A suspension of formalin-inactivated poliovirus grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture and used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS.
  
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral [M0017117]
  A live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. Oral poliovirus vaccine should not be administered to immunocompromised individuals or their household contacts. (Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Poliovirus Vaccines [M0361653]
  Vaccines used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS. They include inactivated (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, INACTIVATED) and oral vaccines (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL).
  
• Polomigran [M0016930]
  
• Polopirin [M0001866]
  
• Polopiryna [M0001877]
  
• Poloxalene [M0017132]
  A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.
  
• Poloxalene 2930 [M0017133]
  
• Poloxalkol [M0030094]
  
• Poloxamers [M0030095]
  
• Polstigmine [M0014617]
  
• Poly A-U [M0017139]
  A double-stranded polyribonucleotide comprising polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids.
  
• Poly I-C [M0017148]
  Interferon inducer consisting of a synthetic, mismatched double-stranded RNA. The polymer is made of one strand each of polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid.
  
• Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycoside) [M0017191]
  
• Polyacetylenes [M0063554]
  Hydrocarbons with more than one triple bond; or an oxidized form of POLYENES. They can react with SULFUR to form THIOPHENES.
  
• Polyanetholesulfonate [M0017153]
  A compound originally developed as an anticoagulant, but possessing anticomplement action and lowering the bactericidal action of blood. It is used in vitro to inhibit blood coagulation and as a diagnostic reagent to encourage the growth of pathogens in the blood. It is also used to stabilize colloidal solutions such as milk and gelatin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Polyanetholesulfonate Homopolymer [M0329742]
  
• Polybrene [M0010308]
  
• Polybutyl Cyanoacrylate [M0007336]
  
• Polycell [M0357367]
  
• Polygeline [M0017190]
  A 3.5 per cent colloidal solution containing urea-cross-linked polymerized peptides. It has a molecular weight of approximately 35,000 and is prepared from gelatin and electrolytes. The polymeric solution is used as a plasma expander.
  
• Polyglactin 910 [M0017192]
  A polyester used for absorbable sutures & surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons.
  
• Polyglucin [M0372349]
  
• Polynucleotide Vaccines [M0028929]
  
• Polyphloretin Phosphate [M0017234]
  A polymeric mixture of polyesters of phosphoric acid and phloretin. It blocks some cellular responses to prostaglandins.
  
• Polyplasdone XL [M0017401]
  
• Polysaccharides [M0017249]
  
• Polysorbate 20 [M0017251]
  
• Polysorbate 80 [M0017252]
  
• Polysorbates [M0017253]
  Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.
  
• Polythiazide [M0017269]
  A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p826)
  
• Polyvinylpyridine N-Oxide [M0017276]
  Inhibits the cytotoxic action of quartz and is reported to have delayed the development of experimental silicosis in rats.
  
• Ponalar [M0473927]
  
• Ponalgic [M0473928]
  
• Pondimin [M0478138]
  
• Ponmel [M0473929]
  
• Ponstan [M0013284]
  
• Ponstel [M0013285]
  
• Pontal [M0013287]
  
• Pontiride [M0475986]
  
• Pontocaine [M0021209]
  
• POR-8 [M0373870]
  
• Porfimer Sodium [M0372990]
  
• Posicor [M0167271]
  
• Posiject [M0485250]
  
• Postacton [M0373044]
  
• Postinor [M0014985]
  
• Potaba [M0015716]
  
• Potassium Acetate [M0028800]
  An electrolyte replenisher, as well as a urinary and systemic alkalizer, which can be administered orally or by intravenous infusion. Formerly, it was used as a diuretic and expectorant. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Potassium Channel Blockers [M0379232]
  A class of drugs that act by inhibition of potassium efflux through cell membranes. Blockade of potassium channels prolongs the duration of ACTION POTENTIALS. They are used as ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS and VASODILATOR AGENTS.
  
• Potassium Chloride [M0017376]
  Potassium chloride. A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives.
  
• Potassium Citrate [M0028812]
  A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.
  
• Potassium Citrate Anhydrous [M0329194]
  
• Potassium Depleting Diuretics [M0471878]
  
• Potassium Dichloroacetate [M0006265]
  
• Potassium Dichromate [M0017379]
  Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.
  
• Potassium Iodide [M0017380]
  An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
  
• Potassium Magnesium Asparaginate [M0017383]
  
• Potassium Magnesium Aspartate [M0017384]
  An intra-extracellular electrolyte exchange agent with a variety of effects.
  
• Potassium Sorbate [M0020166]
  
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics [M0471880]
  
• Potassium Succinate [M0029382]
  
• Povidone [M0017402]
  A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander.
  
• Povidone-Iodine [M0017404]
  An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.
  
• PP-557 [M0056344]
  
• Practolol [M0017428]
  A beta-adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
  
• Practon [M0475754]
  
• Prajmaline [M0017433]
  A derivative of the rauwolfia alkaloid AJMALINE. It is an anti-arrhythmia agent, but may cause liver damage.
  
• Prajmalium Bitartrate [M0017434]
  
• Pralifan [M0474355]
  
• Prareduct [M0475485]
  
• Pratsiol [M0017440]
  
• Pravachol [M0350932]
  
• Pravastatin [M0025879]
  An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).
  
• Pravastatin Monosodium Salt, (6 beta)-Isomer [M0329326]
  
• Pravastatin Sodium [M0329324]
  
• Pravastatin tert-Octylamine Salt [M0025881]
  
• Pravastatin, (6 beta)-Isomer [M0329325]
  
• Praxel [M0474881]
  
• Praxilene [M0014425]
  
• Prazepam [M0017437]
  A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.
  
• Praziquantel [M0017438]
  An anthelmintic used in most schistosome and many cestode infestations.
  
• Praziquantel, (+-)-Isomer [M0331263]
  
• Praziquantel, (R)-Isomer [M0331265]
  
• Praziquantel, (S)-Isomer [M0331264]
  
• Prazosin [M0017441]
  A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of heart failure, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's syndrome, prostatic hypertrophy, and urinary retention.
  
• Pre-Sate [M0478284]
  
• Prebet [M0482975]
  
• Precose [M0431249]
  
• Predate [M0017462]
  
• Predni Tablinen [M0475835]
  
• Prednidib [M0475836]
  
• Predniment [M0475841]
  
• Prednimustine [M0017459]
  Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.
  
• Prednisolone [M0017460]
  A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.
  
• Prednison acsis [M0475842]
  
• Prednison Galen [M0475843]
  
• Prednison Hexal [M0475844]
  
• Prednisone [M0017465]
  A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.
  
• Predonine [M0017463]
  
• Pr�famone [M0432397]
  
• Prefin [M0465414]
  
• Pregnanolone [M0017509]
  A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.
  
• Pregnanolone, (3alpha)-isomer [M0367234]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3alpha, 5beta, 17-alpha)-isomer [M0367230]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer [M0017511]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3beta)-isomer [M0017510]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5alpha)-isomer [M0329751]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5alpha, 17alpha)-isomer [M0367231]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5alpha, 8alpha, 17beta)-isomer [M0367233]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5beta)-isomer [M0017512]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5beta, 17alpha)-isomer [M0367236]
  
• Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5beta,14beta)-isomer [M0367232]
  
• Pregnanolone, (5alpha)-isomer [M0367235]
  
• Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropins [M0417712]
  
• Pregnenolone Carbonitrile [M0017517]
  A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.
  
• Pregnenolone Carbonitrile, (3 beta)-Isomer [M0329753]
  
• Pregnenolone Carbonitrile, (3 beta,16 beta)-Isomer [M0329752]
  
• Pregnyl [M0009546]
  
• Prelestrin [M0492518]
  
• Preludin [M0016513]
  
• Premarin [M0007793]
  
• Prenalterol [M0017537]
  A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute cardiac failure, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, shock, and reducing orthostatic hypotension in the Shy-Drager syndrome.
  
• Prenalterol Hydrochloride [M0329754]
  
• Prenazone [M0017544]
  A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)
  
• Prent [M0431316]
  
• Prenylamine [M0017547]
  A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)
  
• Prepidil Gel [M0023406]
  
• Pres iv [M0485301]
  
• Presolol [M0463250]
  
• Presomen [M0007794]
  
• Pressimmune [M0001468]
  
• PreSun [M0458854]
  
• Priadel [M0025375]
  
• Pridazole [M0021627]
  
• Prilocaine [M0017571]
  A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p165)
  
• Prilocaine Hydrochloride [M0017570]
  
• Prilosec [M0353567]
  
• Primacin [M0475721]
  
• Primaclone [M0373162]
  
• Primacor [M0029841]
  
• Primaquine [M0017573]
  An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)
  
• Primaquine Diphosphate [M0329757]
  
• Primaquine Phosphate [M0017575]
  
• Primidon Holsten [M0475725]
  
• Primidone [M0017580]
  An antiepileptic agent related to the barbiturates; it is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite. Adverse effects are reported to be more frequent than with PHENOBARBITAL. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p309)
  
• Primperan [M0013681]
  
• Prinivil [M0373301]
  
• Priorix [M0143258]
  
• Pripsen Mebendazole [M0474736]
  
• Priscol [M0353340]
  
• Priscoline [M0476637]
  
• Pristacin [M0003976]
  
• Privine [M0353321]
  
• Pro Actidil [M0476926]
  
• Pro-Air [M0026206]
  
• Pro-Cid [M0475733]
  
• Proadifen [M0017595]
  An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.
  
• Proadifen Hydrochloride [M0351618]
  
• ProAmatine [M0474320]
  
• Proanthocyanidins [M0060821]
  Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.
  
• Probanthine [M0017747]
  
• Probecid [M0350911]
  
• Probenecid [M0017601]
  The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.
  
• Probenecid Weimer [M0475734]
  
• Probucol [M0017604]
  A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).
  
• Procain Braun [M0475891]
  
• Procain curasan [M0475892]
  
• Procain Jenapharm [M0475893]
  
• Procain Steigerwald [M0475894]
  
• procain-loges [M0475895]
  
• Procaina Serra [M0475896]
  
• Procainamide [M0017605]
  A derivative of PROCAINE with less CNS action.
  
• Procainamide Hydrochloride [M0017608]
  
• Procaine [M0017615]
  A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).
  
• Pr�caine chlorhydrate Lavoisier [M0475898]
  
• Procaine Hydrochloride [M0475887]
  
• Procamide [M0017609]
  
• Procan [M0017610]
  
• Procanbid [M0475878]
  
• Procarbazine [M0017616]
  An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
  
• Procarbazine Hydrochloride [M0331268]
  
• Procarbazine Monohydrobromide [M0331267]
  
• Procardia [M0369474]
  
• Procardia XL [M0014848]
  
• Procaterol [M0026203]
  A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a potent bronchodilator that may be administered orally or by aerosol inhalation.
  
• Procaterol Hydrochloride [M0026207]
  
• Procaterol Monohydrochloride, (R*,R*)-(+)-Isomer [M0329362]
  
• Procaterol Monohydrochloride, (R*,R*)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329360]
  
• Procaterol Monohydrochloride, (R*,R*)-(-)-Isomer [M0329361]
  
• Procaterol Monohydrochloride, (R*,S*)-(+)-Isomer [M0329359]
  
• Procaterol Monohydrochloride, (R*,S*)-(-)-Isomer [M0329358]
  
• Procaterol, (R*,R*)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329365]
  
• Procaterol, (R*,S*)-(-)-Isomer [M0329364]
  
• Procetofen [M0017618]
  An antilipemic agent which reduces both CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.
  
• Prochlorperazine [M0017619]
  A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612)
  
• Prochlorperazine Edisylate Salt [M0017620]
  
• Prochlorperazine Maleate [M0354121]
  
• Proculin [M0462898]
  
• Procyclid [M0475954]
  
• Procyclidine [M0017638]
  A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.
  
• Procyclidine Hydrochloride [M0475950]
  
• Procytox [M0005489]
  
• Prodectin [M0352564]
  
• Prodigiosin [M0017640]
  4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.
  
• Prodigiozan [M0017641]
  A polysaccharide extracted from Serratia marcescens and other bacteria. It activates enzymatic activity of macrophages and stimulates phagocytic processes.
  
• Prodine [M0000800]
  
• Prodium [M0474756]
  
• Profenid [M0351744]
  
• Proflavine [M0017666]
  3,6-Diaminoacridine. Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.
  
• Proflavine Hemisulfate [M0017667]
  
• Progens [M0492517]
  
• Progestational Hormones, Synthetic [M0017670]
  
• Progestins [M0017669]
  Compounds that interact with PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of PROGESTERONE. Primary actions of progestins, including natural and synthetic steroids, are on the UTERUS and the MAMMARY GLAND in preparation for and in maintenance of PREGNANCY.
  
• Proglumide [M0017675]
  A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.
  
• Proglycem [M0006244]
  
• Progout [M0451689]
  
• Prograf [M0025262]
  
• Progynon C [M0477807]
  
• Prolamine [M0369525]
  
• Prolastin [M0372282]
  
• Prolecofen [M0017737]
  
• Prolixan [M0001567]
  
• Prolixin [M0008642]
  
• Prolonged-Action Preparations [M0379024]
  
• Proloprim [M0373257]
  
• Promazine [M0017696]
  A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.
  
• Promazine Hydrochloride [M0017698]
  
• Promedol [M0017701]
  A narcotic analgesic similar to MEPERIDINE; it exists in four stereoisomers, two of which, the beta (isopromedol) and the gamma (trimeperidine) are active.
  
• Promegestone [M0017703]
  A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.
  
• Promet [M0017716]
  
• Prometazin [M0017719]
  
• Promethazine [M0017706]
  A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.
  
• Promethazine Hydrochloride [M0017709]
  
• Prominal [M0013434]
  
• Promit [M0006124]
  
• Pronervon T [M0476094]
  
• Pronestyl [M0017606]
  
• Pronisone [M0351868]
  
• Propafenon AL [M0476005]
  
• Propafenon Hexal [M0476004]
  
• Propafenone [M0017736]
  An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity. The drug is generally well tolerated.
  
• Propafenone Hydrochloride [M0352002]
  
• Propafenone Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0329767]
  
• Propafenone Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329768]
  
• Propafenone, (+-)-Isomer [M0329764]
  
• Propafenone, (R)-Isomer [M0329765]
  
• Propafenone, (S)-Isomer [M0329766]
  
• Propagest [M0369524]
  
• Propamerck [M0476001]
  
• Propanidid [M0017743]
  An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918)
  
• Propantheline [M0017746]
  A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.
  
• Propantheline Bromide [M0351182]
  
• Propaphenin [M0004202]
  
• Propecia [M0478248]
  
• Propiolactone [M0017758]
  Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic.
  
• Propion [M0432396]
  
• Propofol [M0024130]
  An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206)
  
• Propofol Abbott [M0476040]
  
• Propofol Fresenius [M0476038]
  
• Propofol Rovi [M0476041]
  
• Propofol-Lipuro [M0476039]
  
• Propoxycaine [M0017767]
  A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)
  
• Propoxycaine Hydrochloride [M0017768]
  
• Propoxyphene [M0017770]
  A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.
  
• Propoxyphene Hydrochloride [M0353504]
  
• Propoxyphene Hydrochloride, (R*,R*)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329778]
  
• Propoxyphene Hydrochloride, (R*,S*)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329779]
  
• Propoxyphene Hydrochloride, (R-(R*,R*))-Isomer [M0329781]
  
• Propoxyphene Hydrochloride, (R-(R*,S*))-Isomer [M0329773]
  
• Propoxyphene Hydrochloride, (S-(R*,R*))-Isomer [M0329780]
  
• Propoxyphene Maleate, (+)-Isomer [M0329775]
  
• Propoxyphene Phosphate, (S-(R*,S*))-Isomer [M0329772]
  
• Propoxyphene Sulfate, (S-(R*,S*))-Isomer [M0329771]
  
• Propoxyphene, (R*,S*)-(+-)-Isomer [M0329776]
  
• Propoxyphene, (R-(R*,S*))-Isomer [M0329774]
  
• Propranolol [M0017773]
  A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol is used in the treatment or prevention of many disorders including acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, angina pectoris, hypertension, hypertensive emergencies, hyperthyroidism, migraine, pheochromocytoma, menopause, and anxiety.
  
• Propranolol Hydrochloride [M0017776]
  
• Propulsid [M0350867]
  
• Propyl Gallate [M0017779]
  Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.
  
• Propylbenzilylcholine Mustard [M0017782]
  An analog of benzilylcholine mustard. It is an alkylating nitrogen mustard analog that binds specifically and irreversibly to cholinergic muscarinic receptors and is used as an affinity label to isolate and study the receptors.
  
• Propylthiouracil [M0017784]
  A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534)
  
• Proscar [M0027325]
  
• Proscillaridin [M0017785]
  A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).
  
• ProSom [M0485326]
  
• Prospidium [M0017798]
  An antineoplastic dispiropiperazine derivative.
  
• Prospidium Chloride [M0017799]
  
• Prostacur [M0482906]
  
• Prostaglandin Antagonists [M0017800]
  Compounds that inhibit the action of prostaglandins.
  
• Prostenon [M0023407]
  
• Prostica [M0482907]
  
• Prostigmine [M0014619]
  
• Prostin VR [M0458744]
  
• Prostogenat [M0482908]
  
• Protactyl [M0017699]
  
• Protagent [M0475329]
  
• Protalba [M0353110]
  
• Protamine Chloride [M0017842]
  
• Protamine Sulfate [M0017843]
  
• Protease Inhibitors [M0017845]
  Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).
  
• Protein Hydrolysates [M0017860]
  
• Protein Kinase Inhibitors [M0457532]
  Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.
  
• Protein Synthesis Inhibitors [M0017875]
  Compounds which inhibit the synthesis of proteins. They are usually ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS or toxins. Mechanism of the action of inhibition includes the interruption of peptide-chain elongation, the blocking the A site of ribosomes, the misreading of the genetic code or the prevention of the attachment of oligosaccharide side chains to glycoproteins.
  
• Proteozym [M0463231]
  
• Prothazin [M0017717]
  
• Prothiaden [M0006771]
  
• Prothil [M0473878]
  
• Prothionamide [M0017903]
  Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.
  
• Protilase [M0474985]
  
• Protirelin Tartrate (1:1) [M0329663]
  
• Protophan [M0011442]
  
• Protoveratrines [M0017920]
  Mixtures of closely related hypotensive alkaloids from Veratrum album (Liliaceae). They have been used in the treatment of hypertension but have largely been replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects.
  
• Protoverin [M0017919]
  
• Protozoan Vaccines [M0024537]
  Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease.
  
• Protriptyline [M0017928]
  Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.
  
• Protriptyline Hydrochloride [M0329791]
  
• Provatene [M0459882]
  
• Proventil [M0000636]
  
• Provera [M0026188]
  
• Providine [M0017410]
  
• Proviron [M0013487]
  
• Provocholine [M0351161]
  
• Provokit [M0474177]
  
• Proxanol [M0017134]
  
• Proxen [M0350862]
  
• Prozac [M0008636]
  
• Pryleugan [M0354012]
  
• Pseudoephedrine [M0007541]
  
• Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride [M0423710]
  
• Pseudorabies Vaccines [M0209031]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PSEUDORABIES (Aujeszky's disease), a herpesvirus of swine and other animals.
  
• Psicocen [M0475987]
  
• Psilocybine [M0017970]
  The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Psoradrate [M0001308]
  
• Psoricr�me [M0484991]
  
• Psychotropic Drugs [M0018063]
  A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Here the psychotropic agents include the antidepressive agents, hallucinogens, and tranquilizing agents (including the antipsychotics and anti-anxiety agents).
  
• Psyllium [M0018067]
  Dried, ripe seeds of Plantago psyllium, P. indica, and P. ovata (Plantaginaceae). Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.
  
• Psymion [M0474725]
  
• PT-9 [M0369280]
  
• Pulmicort [M0029421]
  
• Pulmin [M0011914]
  
• Pulmonal S [M0451876]
  
• Pulmonary Surfactants [M0018140]
  Substances and drugs that lower the SURFACE TENSION of the mucoid layer lining the PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
  
• Pureduct [M0451702]
  
• Puregon [M0211976]
  
• Puri-Clens [M0459668]
  
• Purimethol [M0352352]
  
• Purine Nucleosides [M0018166]
  Purines with a RIBOSE attached that can be phosphorylated to PURINE NUCLEOTIDES.
  
• Purinethol [M0352351]
  
• Purinol [M0451688]
  
• Puromycin Dihydrochloride [M0331274]
  
• Pustulants [M0011730]
  
• Puvalen [M0354222]
  
• PVP 40 [M0017403]
  
• Pyostacine [M0475728]
  
• Pyquiton [M0361634]
  
• Pyralgin [M0372392]
  
• Pyramidone [M0372300]
  
• Pyran Copolymer [M0018219]
  Copolymer of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride that acts as an immunostimulant with antineoplastic and anti-infective properties. It is used in combination with other antineoplastic agents.
  
• Pyranocoumarins [M0419383]
  A type of COUMARINS with added pyran ring(s).
  
• Pyrantel [M0018221]
  A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920)
  
• Pyrantel Pamoate [M0018222]
  Broad spectrum antinematodal anthelmintic used also in veterinary medicine.
  
• Pyrantel Tartrate [M0018223]
  Broad spectrum anthelmintic for livestock.
  
• Pyrazinamide [M0018224]
  A pyrazine that is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent.
  
• Pyrethia [M0017718]
  
• Pyribenzamine [M0351274]
  
• Pyridinolcarbamate [M0018235]
  A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)
  
• Pyridium [M0016494]
  
• Pyridostigmine [M0018237]
  
• Pyridostigmine Bromide [M0018238]
  A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.
  
• Pyrilamine [M0018251]
  A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.
  
• Pyrimethamine [M0018253]
  One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.
  
• Pyrisept [M0003977]
  
• Pyrithiamine [M0018263]
  A thiamine antagonist due to its inhibition of thiamine pyrophosphorylation. It is used to produce thiamine deficiency.
  
• Pyrithioxin [M0018266]
  A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.
  
• Pyrrolnitrin [M0018285]
  3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium.
  
• Pyrrovinyquinium [M0018302]
  
• PZ-68 [M0357845]
  
• Quaalude [M0353841]
  
• Quantalan [M0004280]
  
• Quatrachlor [M0002343]
  
• Quelicin [M0351529]
  
• Quenobilan [M0478116]
  
• Quenocol [M0478117]
  
• Quercetin [M0018327]
  A flavonol widely distributed in plants. It is an antioxidant, like many other phenolic heterocyclic compounds. Glycosylated forms include RUTIN and quercetrin.
  
• Questran [M0004281]
  
• Quibron T-SR [M0362252]
  
• Quick-Pep [M0473599]
  
• Quilinorm-retard [M0372617]
  
• Quinacrine [M0018330]
  An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.
  
• Quinacrine Dihydrochloride [M0329675]
  
• Quinacrine Dihydrochloride, Dihydrate [M0329673]
  
• Quinacrine Dihyrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0329672]
  
• Quinacrine Dihyrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329671]
  
• Quinacrine Dimesylate [M0329670]
  
• Quinacrine Monoacetate [M0329676]
  
• Quinacrine Monohydrochloride [M0018332]
  
• Quinacrine Monomesylate [M0329801]
  
• Quinacrine, (+-)-Isomer [M0329674]
  
• Quinacrine, (R)-Isomer [M0329739]
  
• Quinacrine, (S)-Isomer [M0329802]
  
• Quinamm [M0475007]
  
• Quinbisan [M0475004]
  
• Quinbisul [M0475006]
  
• Quincardine [M0474992]
  
• Quindan [M0352771]
  
• Quinestrol [M0018337]
  The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)
  
• Quinidex [M0474993]
  
• Quinidine [M0018341]
  An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular action potential, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.
  
• Quinidine Sulfate [M0018342]
  
• Quinimax [M0352772]
  
• Quinine [M0018346]
  An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.
  
• Quinine Bisulfate [M0018347]
  
• Quinine Hydrochloride [M0018348]
  
• Quinine Lafran [M0475000]
  
• Quinine Sulfate [M0018349]
  
• Quinine-Odan [M0475008]
  
• Quinoctal [M0475009]
  
• Quinodis [M0478259]
  
• Quinolones [M0023650]
  A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.
  
• Quinora [M0018343]
  
• Quinosol [M0023267]
  
• Quinpirole [M0028678]
  A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.
  
• Quinpirole Hydrochloride [M0329183]
  
• Quinuclidinyl Benzilate [M0018360]
  A high-affinity muscarinic antagonist commonly used as a tool in animal and tissue studies.
  
• Quipazine [M0018361]
  A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.
  
• Quipazine Hydrochloride [M0329679]
  
• Quipazine Maleate [M0329677]
  
• Quipazine Maleate (1:1) [M0329678]
  
• Quisqualate [M0024937]
  
• Quisqualic Acid [M0024938]
  An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.
  
• Quixin [M0455954]
  
• Quomen [M0465419]
  
• Qvar [M0473521]
  
• R-14,889 [M0013760]
  
• R-1406 [M0352602]
  
• R-14950 [M0008589]
  
• R-16341 [M0373871]
  
• R-16470 [M0006103]
  
• R-17934 [M0353565]
  
• R-18553 [M0012693]
  
• R-1881 [M0351241]
  
• R-1929 [M0351991]
  
• R-209 [M0350868]
  
• R-2323 [M0351284]
  
• R-25061 [M0351747]
  
• R-26490 [M0353305]
  
• R-30730 [M0353406]
  
• R-33,812 [M0353403]
  
• R-38486 [M0351242]
  
• R-39209 [M0353404]
  
• R-41,468 [M0353421]
  
• R-41400 [M0353370]
  
• R-4263 [M0369370]
  
• R-43-512 [M0353548]
  
• R-5020 [M0351858]
  
• R-51211 [M0353161]
  
• R-516 [M0353364]
  
• R-51619 [M0350866]
  
• R-55667 [M0372649]
  
• R-6238 [M0353569]
  
• R-64,766 [M0373306]
  
• R17635 [M0353561]
  
• R2010 [M0373576]
  
• R818 [M0353407]
  
• RA-233 [M0374384]
  
• Rabies Vaccines [M0018367]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent and treat RABIES. The inactivated virus vaccine is used for preexposure immunization to persons at high risk of exposure, and in conjunction with rabies immunoglobulin, for postexposure prophylaxis.
  
• Racemethionine [M0013577]
  
• Racemethorphan [M0006140]
  
• Racemetirosine [M0373730]
  
• Racemorphan [M0012438]
  
• Racepinephrine [M0007589]
  
• Raclopride [M0132672]
  A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.
  
• Raclopride C11 [M0332592]
  
• Radecol [M0350692]
  
• Radedorm [M0353486]
  
• Radenarkon [M0353306]
  
• Radewerm [M0350857]
  
• Radiation-Protective Agents [M0018387]
  Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. military, purposes.
  
• Radiation-Sensitizing Agents [M0018388]
  Drugs used to potentiate the effectiveness of radiation therapy in destroying unwanted cells.
  
• Radioimmunoconjugates [M0028141]
  
• Radiopharmaceuticals [M0028704]
  Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)
  
• Radium [M0018449]
  Radium. A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra, atomic number 88, and atomic weight 226. Radium is the product of the disintegration of uranium and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.
  
• Rafoxanide [M0018456]
  Veterinary anthelmintic for grazing animals; used to treat fluke, hookworm and other infestations.
  
• Ralgro [M0352050]
  
• Ralone [M0352049]
  
• Raloxifene [M0112968]
  A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.
  
• Raloxifene Hydrochloride [M0112969]
  
• Ralozam [M0432035]
  
• Ramipril [M0026184]
  A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.
  
• Ramodar [M0352580]
  
• Ranide [M0351063]
  
• Ranisen [M0353204]
  
• Ranitidine [M0018469]
  A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.
  
• Ranitidine Hydrochloride [M0353202]
  
• Rapenton [M0374383]
  
• Rapicidin [M0022197]
  
• Rapidal [M0476194]
  
• ratio-Benzydamine [M0477229]
  
• ratio-Buspirone [M0465833]
  
• ratio-Desipramine [M0485019]
  
• ratio-Domperidone [M0492510]
  
• ratio-Flurbiprofen [M0478667]
  
• ratio-Levobunolol [M0463369]
  
• ratio-Nortriptyline [M0464781]
  
• ratio-Sertraline [M0475550]
  
• ratio-Sulfasalazine [M0475936]
  
• ratio-Trazodone [M0476876]
  
• Raunervil [M0353125]
  
• Raupasil [M0353124]
  
• Rausedil [M0353123]
  
• Rauverid [M0431869]
  
• Rauwolfia Alkaloids [M0018533]
  Alkaloids from Rauwolfia serpentina Benth and other species. The prototype is RESERPINE, which is a depleter of catecholamines and serotonin from the sympathetic postganglionic fibers and brain areas. They have been used in hypertension and psychoses despite their wide range of potentially adverse effects.
  
• Rauwolscine [M0023106]
  
• Razoxane [M0018535]
  An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. Dexrazoxane, the (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane, provides cardioprotection against anthracycline toxicity. It appears to inhibit formation of a toxic iron-anthracycline complex.
  
• Razoxane Mesylate, (R)-Isomer [M0329684]
  
• Razoxane, (R)-Isomer [M0329683]
  
• Razoxane, (S)-Isomer [M0329682]
  
• Razoxin [M0018539]
  
• Re-Azo [M0474757]
  
• Reapam [M0475492]
  
• Rebetol [M0475034]
  
• Receptal [M0003075]
  
• Recofol [M0476037]
  
• Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (Mammalian) [M0397867]
  Mammalian-cell derived recombinant human growth hormone.
  
• Recormon [M0028768]
  
• Rectodelt [M0475845]
  
• Redergam [M0352812]
  
• Redergin [M0352816]
  
• Reduced Glutathione [M0009389]
  
• Reducterol [M0460118]
  
• Redux [M0328964]
  
• Refusal [M0485242]
  
• Regadrin B [M0460531]
  
• Regenon [M0432371]
  
• Regibon [M0432372]
  
• Regitine [M0016540]
  
• Reglan [M0013680]
  
• Reguval [M0018068]
  
• Rehydration Solutions [M0023896]
  Fluids restored to the body in order to maintain normal water-electrolyte balance.
  
• Reisegold [M0485148]
  
• Reisetabletten L�nopharm [M0485147]
  
• Reisetabletten Stada [M0485146]
  
• Reisetabletten-ratiopharm [M0485145]
  
• Relanium [M0006236]
  
• Relatrac [M0440416]
  
• Relefact TRH [M0021499]
  
• Relenza [M0338009]
  
• Remestan [M0476095]
  
• Remid [M0451701]
  
• Reminyl [M0380976]
  Name of the FDA approved preparation from J&J.
  
• Remnos [M0476766]
  
• Remontal [M0463287]
  
• Remoxipride [M0026320]
  An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.
  
• Remoxipride Hydrochloride [M0329310]
  
• Remoxipride Monohydrochloride [M0329312]
  
• Remoxipride Monohydrochloride Monohydrate [M0329311]
  
• Remoxipride Monohydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0329313]
  
• Remoxipride, (R)-Isomer [M0329316]
  
• Remsed [M0017707]
  
• Renal Agents [M0018768]
  Drugs used for their effects on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume. The most commonly used are the diuretics. Also included are drugs used for their antidiuretic and uricosuric actions, for their effects on the kidneys' clearance of other drugs, and for diagnosis of renal function.
  
• Renatriol [M0467146]
  
• Renedil [M0478130]
  
• Renese [M0353608]
  
• Renitec [M0007332]
  
• Reno 60 [M0350708]
  
• Reno M-Dip [M0350707]
  
• Renografin [M0350706]
  
• Renografin M-76 [M0350705]
  
• Renokinase [M0333863]
  
• Reparil [M0362054]
  
• Repeltin [M0431989]
  
• Reproductive Control Agents [M0018819]
  Substances used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy.
  
• Rescriptor [M0029715]
  
• Reserpine [M0018861]
  An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.
  
• Resimatil [M0475726]
  
• Resins, Plant [M0018875]
  Flammable, amorphous, vegetable products of secretion or disintegration, usually formed in special cavities of plants. They are generally insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ether, or volatile oils. They are fusible and have a conchoidal fracture. They are the oxidation or polymerization products of the terpenes, and are mixtures of aromatic acids and esters. Most are soft and sticky, but harden after exposure to cold. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Resorcinols [M0018877]
  
• Respiratory Stimulants [M0028538]
  
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines [M0357143]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES.
  
• Respiratory System Agents [M0028539]
  Drugs used for their effects on the respiratory system.
  
• Restasis [M0452877]
  Opthalmic emulsion
  
• Restoril [M0476098]
  
• Restryl [M0351271]
  
• Retin-A [M0021881]
  
• Retinoids [M0018962]
  A group of tetraterpenes, with four terpene units joined head-to-tail. Biologically active members of this class are used clinically in the treatment of severe cystic ACNE; PSORIASIS; and other disorders of keratinization.
  
• Retolen [M0434830]
  
• Retrovir [M0023378]
  
• REV-5320A [M0026216]
  
• Revanil [M0463976]
  
• Reverin [M0363597]
  
• Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [M0028255]
  Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.
  
• Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase [M0332170]
  RIMA shows preference for the A isoenzyme
  
• ReVia [M0462925]
  
• Revivon [M0006530]
  
• Rexigen [M0017774]
  
• Rezipas [M0351704]
  
• RGH-1106 [M0026263]
  
• Rheodextran [M0006125]
  
• Rheoisodex [M0006126]
  
• Rheomacrodex [M0006127]
  
• Rheopolyglucin [M0006128]
  
• Rheumabene [M0485231]
  
• Rheumox [M0440884]
  
• Rhinathiol [M0372313]
  
• Rhinocort [M0029422]
  
• Rho(D) Immune Globulin [M0027215]
  Immunizing agent containing IMMUNOGLOBULIN G anti-Rho(D) used for preventing Rh immunization in Rh-negative individuals exposed to Rh-positive red blood cells.
  
• Rho(D) Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) [M0462971]
  
• RhoGAM [M0373303]
  
• Rhophylac [M0476304]
  
• Rhotral [M0431329]
  
• Rhoxal-nitrazepam [M0476767]
  
• Rhoxal-sertraline [M0475551]
  
• Rhythmin [M0475880]
  
• Rhythmodan [M0369570]
  
• Ribamide [M0373210]
  
• Ribavirin [M0019062]
  A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses.
  
• Ribocarbo [M0477273]
  
• Ribodoxo [M0479796]
  
• Ribofluor [M0478654]
  
• Riboposid [M0478096]
  
• Ribrain [M0002432]
  
• Ricifon [M0352151]
  
• Rickettsial Vaccines [M0019108]
  Vaccines for the prevention of diseases caused by various species of Rickettsia.
  
• Ridaura [M0001972]
  
• Ridauran [M0440874]
  
• Ridene [M0463051]
  
• Ridzol [M0352085]
  
• Rifadin [M0019111]
  
• Rifathyroin [M0021500]
  
• Rifedot [M0434831]
  
• Rigevidon [M0351421]
  
• Rilutek [M0029348]
  
• Riluzole [M0029347]
  A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.
  
• RIMA (Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A) [M0332172]
  
• Rimantadine [M0019119]
  An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.
  
• Rimantadine Hydrochloride [M0351818]
  
• Rimaon [M0007809]
  
• Rimapurinol [M0451700]
  
• Rimbol [M0434832]
  
• Rimetin [M0013682]
  
• Rimoc [M0474411]
  
• Rimso [M0352389]
  
• Rimso 100 [M0352388]
  
• Rimso-50 [M0485232]
  
• Rioprostil [M0025346]
  A synthetic methylprostaglandin E1 analog that reduces gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. It is effective in the therapy of gastric ulcers and gives significant protection against NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage. The drug also prevents cyclosporin A-induced damage to endocrine and exocrine pancreatic secretions. It shows a low order of acute toxicity and there is no evidence of embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, teratogenicity, or mutagenicity in animal studies.
  
• Risperdal Consta [M0455956]
  Injectable form of risperidone that is encapsulated in MICROSPHERES.
  
• Risperidal [M0373307]
  
• Risperidone [M0028338]
  A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.
  
• Ritalin [M0351723]
  
• Ritalin-SR [M0474255]
  
• Ritanserin [M0025455]
  A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.
  
• Ritanserin Hydrochloride [M0329416]
  
• Ritanserin Tartrate [M0329415]
  
• Ritmilen [M0369569]
  
• Ritodrine [M0019137]
  Adrenergic beta-agonist used to control premature labor.
  
• Ritodrine Hydrochloride [M0475060]
  
• Ritonavir [M0028918]
  An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV.
  
• Rivanol [M0007810]
  
• Rivotril [M0004603]
  
• RMI 71782 [M0373515]
  
• RMI-9918 [M0351835]
  
• RMS-431 [M0350937]
  
• RNA Cap Analogs [M0019140]
  Analogs of RNA cap compounds which do not have a positive charge. These compounds inhibit the initiation of translation of both capped and uncapped messenger RNA.
  
• RNA Synthesis Inhibitors [M0028849]
  
• Ro 07-0582 [M0352078]
  
• Ro 10-1670 [M0351967]
  
• Ro 10-7614 [M0351397]
  
• Ro 10-9359 [M0351972]
  
• Ro 11-1163 [M0106134]
  
• Ro 15-1788 [M0353482]
  
• Ro 2-2985 [M0353165]
  
• Ro 21-3981 [M0013844]
  
• Ro 22-8181 [M0331743]
  
• Ro 23-6240 [M0353990]
  
• Ro 3-1428 [M0351537]
  
• Ro 31-2848 [M0373296]
  
• Ro 31-8959 [M0353770]
  
• Ro 4-1284 [M0464471]
  
• Ro 4-3780 [M0351975]
  
• Ro 4-4393 [M0350924]
  
• Ro 4-4602 [M0002316]
  
• Ro 40-5967 [M0167267]
  
• Ro 5-2180 [M0353481]
  
• Ro 5-3350 [M0353440]
  
• Ro 5-4023 [M0353442]
  
• Ro 5-4556 [M0013188]
  
• Ro 7-0207 [M0352084]
  
• Ro-1-7977 [M0363599]
  
• Ro-13-7652 [M0026180]
  
• Ro-21-5998-001 [M0353901]
  
• Ro-23-6019 [M0373553]
  
• RO-5-4200 [M0353483]
  
• Ro-5-5345 [M0353493]
  
• Roaccutane [M0023832]
  
• Robaxin [M0013585]
  
• Robenidine [M0019227]
  An anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry.
  
• Robenidine Hydrochloride [M0019229]
  
• Robenz [M0350970]
  
• Robenzidine [M0019228]
  
• Robidone [M0450400]
  
• Rocaltrol [M0003151]
  
• Rocgel [M0431973]
  
• Rocornal [M0353162]
  
• Rodilone [M0352359]
  
• Rodovan [M0485154]
  
• Roferon-A [M0023694]
  
• Roflual [M0475051]
  
• Rogaine [M0454898]
  
• Rogitine [M0474447]
  
• Rogor [M0352170]
  
• Rohypnol [M0008591]
  
• Rolipram [M0067312]
  A phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antidepressant properties.
  
• Rolitetracycline [M0019254]
  A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.
  
• Rolitetracycline Hydrochloride [M0329690]
  
• Rolitetracycline Monohydrochloride [M0329694]
  
• Rolitetracycline Mononitrate [M0329691]
  
• Rolitetracycline Mononitrate, Sesquihydrate [M0329692]
  
• Rolitetracycline Nitrate [M0329695]
  
• Romadin [M0434833]
  
• Romazicon [M0478581]
  
• Romotal [M0021009]
  
• Rompun [M0372556]
  
• Rondex [M0006129]
  
• Roniacol [M0014844]
  
• Ronicol Retard [M0014843]
  
• Ronida [M0475066]
  
• Ronidazole [M0019258]
  Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.
  
• Root Canal Irrigants [M0019262]
  Chemicals used mainly to disinfect root canals after pulpectomy and before obturation. The major ones are camphorated monochlorophenol, EDTA, formocresol, hydrogen peroxide, metacresylacetate, and sodium hypochlorite. Root canal irrigants include also rinsing solutions of distilled water, sodium chloride, etc.
  
• Rotavirus Vaccines [M0357125]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with ROTAVIRUS.
  
• Rotaxanes [M0411620]
  Complex compounds in which a dumbbell shaped molecule is encircled by a macrocycle. They are named after rota (wheel) and axis (axle). Notation with a prefix is used to indicate the number of interlocked components. They have potential use in NANOTECHNOLOGY. Rotaxanes have been made with CYCLODEXTRINS and CYCLIC ETHERS.
  
• Roucol [M0451699]
  
• Rowasa [M0029393]
  
• R�wo Procain [M0475899]
  
• Roxanthin Red 10 [M0351958]
  
• Roxarsone [M0019285]
  An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.
  
• RP 7293 [M0372895]
  
• RP-54274 [M0373929]
  
• RS-21592 [M0372691]
  
• RS-84135 [M0351564]
  
• RS-94991-298 [M0373295]
  
• RU 49637 [M0218190]
  
• Ru-43280 [M0333653]
  
• Ru-Vert-M [M0013181]
  
• Rubefacients [M0011731]
  
• Rubella Vaccine [M0019294]
  A live attenuated virus vaccine of duck embryo or human diploid cell tissue culture origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of nonpregnant adolescent and adult females of childbearing age who are unimmunized and do not have serum antibodies to rubella. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Rubeomycin A [M0003575]
  
• Rubeomycin A1 [M0003576]
  
• Rubex [M0479798]
  
• RubieMen [M0485153]
  
• Rufen [M0010973]
  
• Rufol [M0475901]
  
• Rumergan [M0017708]
  
• Rusedal [M0474748]
  
• Ruspol [M0357366]
  
• Rutin [M0019316]
  A flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including BUCKWHEAT; TOBACCO; FORSYTHIA; HYDRANGEA; VIOLA, etc. It has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility.
  
• RWJ-15927 [M0351570]
  
• RX-781094 [M0353242]
  
• RX-783006 [M0111602]
  
• Ryanodine [M0019318]
  A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
  
• Rythmol [M0017738]
  
• Rytmarone [M0433220]
  
• Rytmil [M0477696]
  
• Rytmo-Puren [M0476003]
  
• Rytmogenat [M0476002]
  
• S 1021 [M0373514]
  
• S Amet [M0431776]
  
• S-1520 [M0350902]
  
• S-1702 [M0329006]
  
• S-3151 [M0376891]
  
• S-852 [M0329005]
  
• S-9490 [M0129807]
  
• S-Methylmethionine [M0022810]
  
• S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine [M0119954]
  A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.
  
• S-Nitrosoglutathione [M0083739]
  A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.
  
• S-Nitrosothiols [M0101742]
  A group of organic sulfur-containing nitrites, alkyl thionitrites. S-Nitrosothiols include compounds such as S-NITROSO-N-ACETYLPENICILLAMINE and S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE.
  
• SA-79 [M0352000]
  
• Sabril [M0333927]
  
• Saccharin [M0019327]
  Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.
  
• Saccharin Calcium [M0019328]
  
• Saccharin Sodium [M0361498]
  
• Sacrosidase [M0445458]
  
• Sadamin [M0352647]
  
• Sadoplon 75 [M0351504]
  
• Saffan [M0351506]
  
• Sagatal [M0016183]
  
• SaH 47-603 [M0353492]
  
• SAIDS Vaccines [M0027675]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent SAIDS; (SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME); and containing inactivated SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS or type D retroviruses or some of their component antigens.
  
• Saizen [M0028846]
  
• Sal-Phedrine [M0485310]
  
• Salagen [M0016862]
  
• Salazopyrin [M0019366]
  
• Salicylates [M0019362]
  The salts, esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
  
• Salicylic Acid [M0029886]
  A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions. Its salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics. (From Dorland's, 28th ed)
  
• Saline [M0020093]
  
• Saline Solution, Hypertonic [M0019371]
  Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).
  
• Saliva, Artificial [M0019373]
  A solution used for irrigating the mouth in xerostomia and as a substitute for saliva.
  
• Salix (brand of furosemide) [M0350912]
  
• Salk Vaccine [M0017116]
  
• Salmonella Vaccines [M0358503]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with SALMONELLA. This includes vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER or PARATYPHOID FEVER; (TYPHOID-PARATYPHOID VACCINES), and vaccines used to prevent nontyphoid salmonellosis.
  
• Salprofen [M0010968]
  
• Salsoline Alkaloids [M0019405]
  Tetrahydroisoquinolinol alkaloids in both dextro and levo forms, originally found in SALSOLA plants.
  
• Salvarsan [M0352105]
  
• Salyrgan [M0352116]
  
• Sandimmun Neoral [M0025282]
  
• Sandimmune [M0025283]
  
• Sandoglobulin [M0025526]
  
• Sandomigran [M0016931]
  
• Sandoscill [M0351157]
  
• Sandostatine [M0023528]
  
• Sanochrysine [M0020106]
  
• Sanodin [M0003341]
  
• Sanorex [M0353738]
  
• Sansert [M0013675]
  
• Santonin [M0019417]
  Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)
  
• Santoquin [M0362111]
  
• Saquinavir [M0028681]
  An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases.
  
• Saquinavir Monomethanesulfonate [M0329184]
  
• Sarafem [M0496772]
  
• Saralasin [M0019423]
  An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II.
  
• Saralasin Acetate [M0019422]
  
• Saralasin Acetate, Anhydrous [M0329698]
  
• Sarcocystatin [M0024324]
  
• Sarcosine Hydrochloride [M0329700]
  
• Sarcosine Monosodium Salt [M0329699]
  
• Sarkolysin [M0013331]
  
• Saroten [M0000977]
  
• Sarotex [M0433229]
  
• Satric [M0013706]
  
• Saviosol [M0006130]
  
• SBPA Gemfibrozil [M0483087]
  
• SC 12937 [M0002058]
  
• SC-11585 [M0350977]
  
• SC-13957 [M0369571]
  
• SC-14266 [M0351290]
  
• SC-19220 [M0464472]
  
• SC-29333 [M0352609]
  
• SC-30249 [M0025310]
  
• SC-9376 [M0351293]
  
• SC-9420 [M0351543]
  
• Scabecid [M0463941]
  
• Scabisan [M0463942]
  
• Scandinibsa [M0473983]
  
• Scandonest [M0473984]
  
• Sch-1000 [M0014398]
  
• Sch-10304 [M0352606]
  
• Sch-1178 [M0014400]
  
• SCH-13521 [M0350854]
  
• SCH-19927 [M0012097]
  
• Sch-23388 [M0024709]
  
• Sch-23390 [M0464473]
  
• Sch-29851 [M0350544]
  
• Sch-30500 [M0331789]
  
• Schistosomicides [M0019486]
  Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.
  
• Schizonticides [M0491201]
  Substances that inhibit the SCHIZONT stage of PROTOZOA. There is particular interest in them as ANTIMALARIALS.
  
• Scillase [M0476050]
  
• Scleromate [M0475560]
  
• Sclerosing Agents [M0019545]
  
• Sclerosing Drugs [M0019548]
  
• Sclerosing Injections [M0019549]
  
• Sclerosing Solutions [M0019546]
  Chemical agents injected into veins to cause localized THROMBOSIS and eventual fibrosis and obliteration of the vessels. They are used in the treatment of VARICOSE VEINS, hemorrhoids, gastric and esophageal varices, and peptic ulcer hemorrhage.
  
• Sclerosol [M0485230]
  
• Scoburen [M0475515]
  
• Scopace [M0475512]
  
• Scopolamine [M0019553]
  An alkaloid from Solanaceae, especially Datura metel L. and Scopola carniolica. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like atropine, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in urinary incontinence, in motion sickness, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic.
  
• Scopolamine Cooper [M0475516]
  
• Scopolamine Hydrobromide [M0019554]
  
• Scopolan [M0353025]
  
• Scorbo-b�ta�ne [M0460092]
  
• Scott-Tussin [M0352305]
  
• SDZ 202-250 [M0369447]
  
• Sealdin [M0475552]
  
• Sebaquin [M0485375]
  
• Sebar [M0475526]
  
• Sebical [M0431995]
  
• Sebidin A [M0350942]
  
• Secobarbital [M0019587]
  A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.
  
• Secobarbital Sodium [M0475524]
  
• Seconal [M0373214]
  
• Seconal Sodium [M0475525]
  
• Secrepan [M0372648]
  
• Secretin [M0019589]
  A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597)
  
• Secretin Citrate, Pig [M0329705]
  
• Secretin Maleate, Pig [M0329704]
  
• Secretin Pentacetate, Pig [M0329702]
  
• Secretin Sulfate, Pig [M0329703]
  
• Secretin, Pig [M0329701]
  
• Secretin-KABI [M0372647]
  
• Sectral [M0000101]
  
• Sectrazide [M0373030]
  
• Sedatives [M0010886]
  
• Sedes A [M0352401]
  
• Sedicepan [M0464811]
  
• Sedoval [M0332437]
  
• Seduxen [M0006237]
  
• Seglor [M0006400]
  
• Segontin [M0017545]
  
• Selacryn [M0351757]
  
• Seldane [M0025308]
  
• Selective Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists [M0472920]
  
• Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators [M0328354]
  A structurally diverse group of compounds distinguished from ESTROGENS by their ability to bind and activate ESTROGEN RECEPTORS but act as either an agonist or antagonist depending on the tissue type and hormonal milieu. They are classified as either first generation because they demonstrate estrogen agonist properties in the ENDOMETRIUM or second generation based on their patterns of tissue specificity. (Horm Res 1997;48:155-63)
  
• Selectol [M0350548]
  
• Selegiline [M0019601]
  A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. It may slow progression of the clinical disease and delay the requirement for levodopa therapy. It also may be given with levodopa upon onset of disability. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p385) The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.
  
• Selegiline Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0329708]
  
• Selegiline Hydrochloride, (R,S)-Isomer [M0329706]
  
• Selegiline Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329711]
  
• Selegiline, (R,S)-Isomer [M0329712]
  
• Selegiline, (S)-Isomer [M0329710]
  
• Selenious Acid [M0328356]
  A selenium compound used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.
  
• Selenite [M0027223]
  
• Selenomethionine [M0019607]
  Diagnostic aid in pancreas function determination.
  
• Selenomethionine Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329716]
  
• Selenomethionine Se 75 [M0019606]
  
• Selenomethionine, (+,-)-Isomer [M0329714]
  
• Selenomethionine, (R)-Isomer [M0329713]
  
• Selenomethionine, (S)-Isomer [M0329715]
  
• Seloken [M0013685]
  
• Semap [M0474740]
  
• Sembrina [M0474252]
  
• Semisynthetic Vaccines [M0022457]
  
• Semustine [M0019643]
  4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.
  
• Sendoxan [M0005490]
  
• Senna Extract [M0019648]
  Preparations of Cassia senna and C. angustifolia (see SENNA PLANT). They contain sennosides, which are anthraquinone type CATHARTICS and are used in many different preparations as laxatives.
  
• Senokot [M0019649]
  
• Sensit [M0008326]
  
• Sensorcaine [M0003050]
  
• Sensory System Agents [M0028003]
  Drugs that act on neuronal sensory receptors resulting in an increase, decrease, or modification of afferent nerve activity. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p367)
  
• Septra [M0024014]
  
• Septrin [M0024015]
  
• Sequostat [M0351424]
  
• Serax [M0353488]
  
• Serc [M0002431]
  
• Serenade [M0476768]
  
• Serenol [M0431870]
  
• Serentil [M0013484]
  
• Sericin-1 [M0053773]
  
• Serine Proteinase Inhibitors [M0024260]
  Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.
  
• Serine Proteinase Inhibitors, Endogenous [M0024258]
  
• Serine Proteinase Inhibitors, Exogenous [M0024259]
  
• Sermion [M0352830]
  
• Sermorelin [M0026330]
  The biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of GHRH(1-29)-amide. This N-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. It is used to diagnose or treat patients with GROWTH HORMONE deficiency.
  
• Sermorelin Acetate [M0026331]
  
• Sernyl [M0016497]
  
• Serophene [M0004590]
  
• Serotonin Agents [M0027732]
  Drugs used for their effects on serotonergic systems. Among these are drugs that affect serotonin receptors, the life cycle of serotonin, and the survival of serotonergic neurons.
  
• Serotonin Agonists [M0026371]
  Agents that have an affinity for serotonin receptors and are able to mimic the effects of serotonin by stimulating the physiologic activity at the cell receptors. These compounds are used as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
  
• Serotonin Antagonists [M0019685]
  Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or serotonin agonists.
  
• Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors [M0026372]
  Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the serotonin concentration in the synaptic cleft which then activates serotonin receptors to a greater extent. These agents have been used in treatment of depression, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and alcoholism, as analgesics, and to treat obesity and bulimia. Many of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit serotonin uptake; they are not included here.
  
• Seroxat [M0026388]
  
• Serpasil [M0353121]
  
• Serpin Superfamily [M0024261]
  
• Serpins [M0024262]
  A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. This family includes alpha 1-antitrypsin, angiotensinogen, ovalbumin, antiplasmin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, thyroxine-binding protein, complement 1 inactivators, antithrombin III, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen inactivators, gene Y protein, placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, and barley Z protein. Some members of the serpin family may be substrates rather than inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES, and some serpins occur in plants where their function is not known.
  
• Serpivite [M0475023]
  
• Sertan [M0373163]
  
• Sertraline [M0029930]
  A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.
  
• Sertraline Hydrochloride [M0329071]
  
• Serylan [M0016498]
  
• Sethotope [M0352159]
  
• SG-75 [M0352053]
  
• Shigella Vaccines [M0357197]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent bacillary dysentery (DYSENTERY, BACILLARY) caused by species of SHIGELLA.
  
• Showdomycin [M0019804]
  3-beta-D-Ribofuranosylmaleimide. Antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces showdoensis. It is possibly active also as a sulfhydryl reagent.
  
• Sialor [M0001172]
  
• Sibazon [M0006230]
  
• Sibelium [M0008588]
  
• Siccoral [M0444759]
  
• Signopam [M0021140]
  
• Silentan Nefopam [M0463011]
  
• Silkis [M0467145]
  
• Silubin [M0003016]
  
• Silubin Retard [M0465161]
  
• Silvadene [M0350921]
  
• Silvederma [M0475868]
  
• Silver Fusidate [M0008911]
  
• Silver Nitrate [M0019869]
  A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.
  
• Silver Nitrate, Silver (2+) Salt (2:1) [M0331276]
  
• Silver Pefloxacin [M0023654]
  
• Silver Proteinate [M0019871]
  
• Silver Proteins [M0019870]
  Compounds of silver and proteins used as topical anti-infective agents.
  
• Silver Sulfadiazine [M0019872]
  Antibacterial used topically in burn therapy.
  
• Silymarin [M0019873]
  A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It consists primarily of silybin and its isomers, silicristin and silidianin. Silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. It protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent.
  
• Simethicone [M0019885]
  A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added SILICA GEL. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.
  
• Simprox [M0434849]
  
• Simvastatin [M0029425]
  A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.
  
• SIN-10 [M0353344]
  
• Sinapsan [M0474906]
  
• Sincalide [M0019891]
  An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
  
• Sinequan [M0006783]
  
• Sinestron [M0464812]
  
• Single-Chain Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator [M0022398]
  
• Sinkumar [M0372274]
  
• Sinografin [M0006225]
  
• Sinophenin [M0354123]
  
• Sinthrome [M0000106]
  
• Sintrom [M0372275]
  
• Siozwo [M0462899]
  
• Siseptin [M0019905]
  
• Sisomicin Sulfate [M0019904]
  
• Sisomicin Sulfate (2:5) Salt [M0329724]
  
• Sitriol [M0467144]
  
• SIV Vaccine [M0027674]
  
• Sizofiran [M0019497]
  A beta-D-glucan obtained from the Aphyllophoral fungus Schizophyllum commune. It is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach.
  
• SK&F D 39162 [M0352110]
  
• SK&F-104864-A [M0352761]
  
• SK&F-14287 [M0373538]
  
• SK&F-18667 [M0350683]
  
• SK&F-38393 [M0023985]
  
• SK&F-525-A [M0017596]
  
• SK&F-62979 [M0353547]
  
• SK&F-82526 [M0353541]
  
• SK&F-92058 [M0352396]
  
• SK&F-92334 [M0350951]
  
• SK&F-92676 [M0351067]
  
• Skeletal Muscle Relaxants [M0014722]
  
• SKF 33134-A [M0353572]
  
• SKF-62698 [M0351756]
  
• SKF-82526J [M0028174]
  
• Skimmetin [M0022243]
  
• Sklerofibrat [M0460532]
  
• SL-25 [M0351789]
  
• SL-75212 [M0024178]
  
• Slo-Phyllin [M0021291]
  
• Slow Trasicor [M0015662]
  
• Slow-K [M0392726]
  
• Smallpox Vaccine [M0019978]
  A live VACCINIA VIRUS vaccine of calf lymph or chick embryo origin, used for immunization against smallpox. It is now recommended only for laboratory workers exposed to smallpox virus. Certain countries continue to vaccinate those in the military service. Complications that result from smallpox vaccination include vaccinia, secondary bacterial infections, and encephalomyelitis. (Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Smokeless [M0463947]
  
• SMS 201-995 [M0333645]
  
• SN-11841 [M0372294]
  
• SN-307 [M0353339]
  
• Sn-DTPA [M0006870]
  
• Soap Solution [M0019993]
  
• Sodipental [M0476448]
  
• Sodium Acetate [M0028799]
  The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.
  
• Sodium Acetate, Anhydrous [M0331277]
  
• Sodium Arsenilate [M0001719]
  
• Sodium Arsenobenzol [M0001726]
  
• Sodium Ascorbate [M0330790]
  
• Sodium Azide [M0029403]
  A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
  
• Sodium Bicarbonate [M0026757]
  A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.
  
• Sodium Caseinate [M0003595]
  
• Sodium Channel Blockers [M0379271]
  A class of drugs that act by inhibition of sodium influx through cell membranes. Blockade of sodium channels slows the rate and amplitude of initial rapid depolarization, reduces cell excitability, and reduces conduction velocity.
  
• Sodium Chenodeoxycholate [M0004030]
  
• Sodium Chloride [M0020094]
  A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food. It plays an important biological role in maintaining the osmotic tension of blood and tissues.
  
• Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors [M0471877]
  Agents that inhibit SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with HYPOKALEMIA.
  
• Sodium Chloride, (22)Na [M0020095]
  
• Sodium Cholate [M0029995]
  A trihydroxy bile salt that is used as a digestive aid in dietary supplements. It is used in culture media and in conjunction with PAPAIN and PANCREATIN.
  
• Sodium Dichloroacetate [M0006266]
  
• Sodium Diphenylhydantoinate [M0016579]
  
• Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate [M0020097]
  An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.
  
• Sodium Fluoride [M0020103]
  A source of inorganic fluoride which is used topically to prevent dental caries.
  
• Sodium Heparin [M0010188]
  
• Sodium Hexobarbital [M0010322]
  
• Sodium Hyaluronate [M0357382]
  
• Sodium Inosinate [M0011371]
  
• Sodium Insulin [M0011421]
  
• Sodium Iodide [M0020110]
  A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.
  
• Sodium Lactate [M0028809]
  The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.
  
• Sodium Meclofenamate [M0013183]
  
• Sodium Mefenamine [M0015456]
  
• Sodium Morrhuate [M0020112]
  The sodium salts of the fatty acids in cod liver oil; an irritant and sclerosing agent used to treat varicose veins and arthritic joints.
  
• Sodium Nalidixic Acid, Anhydrous [M0330058]
  
• Sodium Nitroprusside [M0329967]
  
• Sodium Oxybate [M0020115]
  The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. Anesthetic used for both induction and maintenance. It may cause bradycardia and dyskinesias.
  
• Sodium Phytate [M0016821]
  
• Sodium Polyanetholesulfonate [M0017152]
  
• Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors [M0471884]
  Agents that inhibit SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS which are concentrated in the thick ascending limb at the junction of the LOOP OF HENLE and KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL. They act as DIURETICS. Excess use is associated with HYPOKALEMIA and HYPERGLYCEMIA.
  
• Sodium Salicylate [M0020117]
  A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that is less effective than equal doses of ASPIRIN in relieving pain and reducing fever. However, individuals who are hypersensitive to ASPIRIN may tolerate sodium salicylate. In general, this salicylate produces the same adverse reactions as ASPIRIN, but there is less occult gastrointestinal bleeding. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p120)
  
• Sodium Selenite [M0027224]
  Selenious acid, disodium salt. It is used therapeutically to supply the trace element selenium.
  
• Sodium Sorbate [M0020167]
  
• Sodium Stibogluconate [M0001476]
  
• Sodium Sulamyd [M0475861]
  
• Sodium Taurodeoxycholate [M0021071]
  
• Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate [M0020118]
  An anionic surface-active agent used for its wetting properties in industry and used in medicine as an irritant and sclerosing agent for hemorrhoids and varicose veins.
  
• Sodium Ursodeoxycholate [M0022412]
  
• Sodium Valproate [M0022500]
  
• Solacap [M0478570]
  
• Solaesthin [M0351879]
  
• Solafur [M0008896]
  
• Solamin [M0002344]
  
• Solaskil [M0353243]
  
• Solatene [M0459883]
  
• Solganal [M0369411]
  
• Solganal B Oleosum [M0369410]
  
• Solgol [M0350570]
  
• Solibay [M0460533]
  
• Solmucol [M0444758]
  
• Solprin [M0001865]
  
• Soltamox [M0495698]
  
• Soltriol [M0003152]
  
• Solu-Medrol [M0351486]
  
• Solucaps [M0473861]
  
• Soludactone [M0475126]
  
• Solupsan [M0001867]
  
• Solustibosan [M0351610]
  
• Solvidont [M0006042]
  
• Soma [M0477280]
  
• Somagerol [M0464813]
  
• Somalgit [M0477279]
  
• Soman [M0020143]
  An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.
  
• Somatofalk [M0020153]
  
• Somatostatin [M0020152]
  A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, and other organs. SRIF can also inhibit the release of THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; and GLUCAGON besides acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In a number of species including humans, there is an additional form of somatostatin, SRIF-28 with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal.
  
• Sombrevin [M0351726]
  
• Somnite [M0476769]
  
• Somophyllin [M0351369]
  
• Somophyllin-T [M0362251]
  
• Somsanit [M0475567]
  
• Sonapax [M0021376]
  
• Sone [M0475847]
  
• Soprodol [M0477277]
  
• Sorbic Acid [M0020168]
  Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.
  
• Sorbilax [M0475712]
  
• Sorbitol [M0020169]
  A polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose. Sorbitol occurs naturally and is also produced synthetically from glucose. It was formerly used as a diuretic and may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for some surgical procedures. It is also used in many manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications.
  
• Sorbitrate [M0011794]
  
• Sorbonit [M0011800]
  
• Soriatane [M0026182]
  
• Sospitan [M0352563]
  
• Sostril [M0353203]
  
• Sotalol [M0020177]
  An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.
  
• Sotalol Hydrochloride [M0020176]
  
• Sotradecol Sodium [M0350676]
  
• Sovcaine [M0006257]
  
• SP-54 [M0357843]
  
• Spansule [M0431991]
  
• Sparine [M0017697]
  
• Sparteine [M0020199]
  A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. It has also been of interest as an indicator of CYP2D6 genotype.
  
• Sparteine Hydrochloride, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0308493]
  
• Sparteine Hydrochloride, (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0308499]
  
• Sparteine Hydroiodide, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0308490]
  
• Sparteine Monohydrochloride, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0308492]
  
• Sparteine Monohydroiodide, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0308496]
  
• Sparteine Sulfate [M0308498]
  
• Sparteine Sulfate (1:1), (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14aalpha))-Isomer [M0308497]
  
• Sparteine Sulfate (1:1), (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0308491]
  
• Sparteine, (7R-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0045265]
  
• Sparteine, (7R-(7alpha,7abeta,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0308495]
  
• Sparteine, (7S-(7alpha,7aalpha,14alpha,14aalpha))-Isomer [M0020201]
  
• Sparteine, (7S-(7alpha,7abeta,14alpha,14abeta))-Isomer [M0020202]
  
• Spascol [M0477666]
  
• Spasfon-Lyoc [M0474315]
  
• Spasmentral [M0459672]
  
• Spassirex [M0474316]
  
• Spastrex [M0015695]
  
• Spasuret [M0478254]
  
• Sperm Immobilizing Agents [M0020266]
  Chemical substances with sperm immobilizing activity used as topically administered vaginal contraceptives.
  
• Spermatocidal Agents [M0020278]
  Chemical substances that are destructive to spermatozoa used as topically administered vaginal contraceptives.
  
• Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents [M0020284]
  Chemical substances which inhibit the process of spermatozoa formation at either the first stage, in which spermatogonia develop into spermatocytes and then into spermatids, or the second stage, in which spermatids transform into spermatozoa.
  
• Spesicor [M0350809]
  
• Spiperone [M0020339]
  A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.
  
• Spiractin [M0475755]
  
• Spiro L.U.T. [M0475756]
  
• spiro von ct [M0475757]
  
• Spirobeta [M0475758]
  
• Spiroctan [M0475127]
  
• Spirogamma [M0475775]
  
• Spirolang [M0351544]
  
• Spirono-Isis [M0475838]
  
• Spironolactone [M0020352]
  A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827)
  
• Spironone [M0475776]
  
• Spirospare [M0475777]
  
• Spongostan [M0008429]
  
• Sporanox [M0027132]
  
• Spotof [M0476863]
  
• Sputolysin [M0350696]
  
• SQ-10,643 [M0004485]
  
• SQ-11725 [M0350569]
  
• SQ-14,225 [M0338110]
  
• SQ-14,534 [M0003320]
  
• SQ-16,167 [M0351714]
  
• SQ-18,566 [M0351536]
  
• SQ-18506 [M0020399]
  
• SQ-19,844 [M0373217]
  
• SQ-20009 [M0007804]
  
• SQ-20881 [M0373891]
  
• SQ-23377 [M0351548]
  
• SQ-28,555 [M0352131]
  
• SQ-31000 [M0025880]
  
• Squalene [M0020400]
  
• Sqworm [M0474737]
  
• SR-2508 [M0352075]
  
• SR-38 [M0372960]
  
• SR-720-22 [M0350907]
  
• SSD [M0475871]
  
• SSD AF [M0475872]
  
• SSKI [M0475318]
  
• ST-1085 [M0013859]
  
• ST-1396 [M0350547]
  
• St-1512 [M0010331]
  
• ST-155 [M0004606]
  
• Stadol [M0352886]
  
• Stangyl [M0354063]
  
• Stanicide [M0008913]
  
• Stannous EDTA [M0007071]
  
• Stanozolol [M0020415]
  A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194)
  
• Staphylococcal Toxoid [M0020428]
  
• Staphylococcal Vaccines [M0020429]
  
• Starch [M0020435]
  Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants.
  
• stas Gurgell�sung N [M0449828]
  
• stas-Hustenl�ser [M0451877]
  
• Staurodorm [M0478658]
  
• Stavudine [M0027323]
  A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.
  
• Stavudine, Monosodium Salt [M0329156]
  
• Stea-16 [M0460096]
  
• Stediril [M0351425]
  
• Stelazine [M0354142]
  
• Stenox [M0478656]
  
• Sterapred [M0475848]
  
• Stereocyt [M0351885]
  
• Sterogenol [M0003978]
  
• Sterosan [M0004210]
  
• Sterotate [M0476213]
  
• Stesolid [M0006233]
  
• Stibatin [M0351609]
  
• Stiedex [M0485036]
  
• Stilamin [M0020154]
  
• Stilbamidines [M0020536]
  STILBENES with AMIDINES attached.
  
• Stillacor [M0431720]
  
• Stimate [M0492525]
  
• Stimulants, Historical [M0028094]
  Agents or remedies that historically have produced stimulation or excited functional activity.
  
• Stimuvol [M0351236]
  
• Stoxil [M0010990]
  
• Strefen [M0478668]
  
• Strema [M0475010]
  
• Streptase [M0020582]
  
• Streptococcal Vaccines [M0358423]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS.
  
• Streptodecase [M0020588]
  
• Streptodornase and Streptokinase [M0020578]
  A mixture of the enzymes (streptokinase and streptodornase) produced by hemolytic streptococci. It is used topically on surface lesions and by instillation in closed body cavities to remove clotted blood or fibrinous or purulent accumulations. It is also used as a skin test antigen in evaluating generalized cell-mediated immunodeficiency. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.-.
  
• Streptokinase [M0020580]
  Streptococcal fibrinolysin . An enzyme produced by hemolytic streptococci. It hydrolyzes amide linkages and serves as an activator of plasminogen. It is used in thrombolytic therapy and is used also in mixtures with streptodornase (STREPTODORNASE AND STREPTOKINASE). EC 3.4.-.
  
• Stresnil [M0351990]
  
• Striadyne [M0372281]
  
• Stromba [M0020416]
  
• Stromectol [M0479368]
  Oral preparation of ivermectin.
  
• Strophanthin [M0020623]
  
• Strophanthins [M0020624]
  A number of different cardioactive glycosides obtained from Strophanthus species. OUABAIN is from S. gratus and CYMARINE from S. kombe. They are used like the digitalis glycosides.
  
• Strumazol [M0476435]
  
• Strychnine [M0020628]
  An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.
  
• Strychnine Nitrate [M0020629]
  
• Stugeron [M0004494]
  
• SU 4885 [M0373555]
  
• SU-13,437 [M0351588]
  
• Sublimaze [M0008337]
  
• Subutex [M0003053]
  
• Succicaptal [M0475787]
  
• Succicuran [M0351528]
  
• Succimer [M0006442]
  A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.
  
• Succimer Antimony Sodium Salt, (R*,S*)-Isomer [M0330449]
  
• Succimer, (R*,R*)-(+,-)-Isomer [M0330555]
  
• Succimer, Dipotassium Salt [M0330452]
  
• Succimer, Disodium Salt [M0330448]
  
• Succimer, Monosodium Salt [M0330450]
  
• Succimer, Rhenium Salt [M0330451]
  
• Succimer, Tin Salt [M0330453]
  
• Succinate [M0029383]
  
• Succinic Acid [M0029380]
  A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)
  
• Succinimides [M0020707]
  A subclass of IMIDES with the general structure of pyrrolidinedione. They are prepared by the distillation of ammonium succinate. They are sweet-tasting compounds that are used as chemical intermediates and plant growth stimulants.
  
• Succinylcholine [M0020712]
  A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.
  
• Succinylcholine Dibromide [M0329669]
  
• Succinylcholine Dichloride [M0329610]
  
• Succinylcholine Dichloride, Di-H2O [M0329609]
  
• Succinylcholine Diiodide [M0329738]
  
• Succinylcholine Diperchlorate [M0329737]
  
• Succinylcholine Iodide [M0020713]
  
• Sucraid [M0445459]
  
• Sucralfate [M0020717]
  A basic aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose.
  
• Sufenta [M0026424]
  
• Sufentanil [M0026423]
  An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.
  
• Sufentanil Citrate [M0329215]
  
• Sufentanil curasan [M0475789]
  
• Sufentanil-hameln [M0475790]
  
• Sufentanil-ratiopharm [M0475791]
  
• Sufil [M0474738]
  
• Suisynchron [M0013549]
  
• Suksilep [M0351983]
  
• Sulf-10 [M0475862]
  
• Sulfacetamide [M0020737]
  An anti-infective agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.
  
• Sulfacetamide Sodium [M0329612]
  
• Sulfacetamide, Monosodium Salt, Anhydrous [M0329611]
  
• Sulfachlorpyridazine [M0020739]
  A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.
  
• Sulfachlorpyridazine, Monosodium Salt [M0329613]
  
• Sulfacil [M0350918]
  
• Sulfacyl [M0350917]
  
• Sulfadiazine [M0020740]
  One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.
  
• Sulfadimethoxine [M0020742]
  A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.
  
• Sulfadoxine [M0020743]
  A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.
  
• Sulfafurazol FNA [M0475882]
  
• Sulfaguanidine [M0020744]
  A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.
  
• Sulfair [M0475863]
  
• Sulfalene [M0020745]
  Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.
  
• Sulfamerazine [M0020746]
  A sulfanilamide that is used as an antibacterial agent.
  
• Sulfameter [M0020747]
  Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.
  
• Sulfamethazine [M0020748]
  A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.
  
• Sulfamethizol FNA [M0475902]
  
• Sulfamethizole [M0020749]
  A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.
  
• Sulfamethoxazole [M0020750]
  A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)
  
• Sulfamethoxypyridazine [M0020751]
  A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.
  
• Sulfamonomethoxine [M0020752]
  Long acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent.
  
• Sulfamoxole [M0020753]
  A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.
  
• Sulfamylon [M0350903]
  
• Sulfanilamides [M0020754]
  Compounds based on 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide. The '-anil-' part of the name refers to aniline.
  
• Sulfaphenazole [M0020756]
  A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.
  
• Sulfapyridine [M0020757]
  Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.
  
• Sulfaquinoxaline [M0020758]
  An antiprotozoal agent used to combat coccidial infections of swine, cattle, fowl, and other veterinary animals. Also used in controlling outbreaks of fowl typhoid and fowl cholera and in treatment of infectious enteritis.
  
• Sulfargen [M0350920]
  
• Sulfarlem [M0351788]
  
• Sulfasalazin medac [M0475937]
  
• Sulfasalazin-Heyl [M0475938]
  
• Sulfasalazine [M0019365]
  A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)
  
• Sulfasalazine FNA [M0475939]
  
• Sulfazin [M0373245]
  
• Sulfhydryl Compound Antagonists [M0020770]
  
• Sulfhydryl Compounds Inhibitors [M0020771]
  
• Sulfhydryl Reagents [M0020769]
  Chemical agents that react with SH groups. This is a chemically diverse group that is used for a variety of purposes. Among these are enzyme inhibition, enzyme reactivation or protection, and labelling.
  
• Sulfinpyrazone [M0020776]
  A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.
  
• Sulfisomidine [M0020778]
  A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.
  
• Sulfisomidine Sodium [M0475946]
  
• Sulfisoxazole [M0020779]
  A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.
  
• Sulfisoxazole Diolamine [M0020780]
  
• Sulfisoxazole, Ammonium Salt [M0329619]
  
• Sulfisoxazole, Monolithium Salt [M0329617]
  
• Sulfisoxazole, Monosodium Salt [M0329615]
  
• Sulfisoxazole, Monosodium, Monomesylate Salt [M0329616]
  
• Sulfisoxazole, Triammonium Salt [M0329618]
  
• Sulfobromophthalein [M0020785]
  A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.
  
• Sulfobromophthalein Sodium [M0361430]
  
• Sulfona [M0485005]
  
• Sulfonamide Mixtures [M0020789]
  
• Sulfonamides [M0020790]
  A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2. Members of this group, also known as sulfa drugs, are derivatives of sulfanilamide, which competitively inhibit folic acid synthesis in microorganisms, and are bacteriostatic. They have been largely supplanted by more effective and less toxic antibiotics. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Sulindac [M0020810]
  A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.
  
• Sulindal [M0476029]
  
• Suloctidil [M0020812]
  A peripheral vasodilator that was formerly used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is hepatotoxic and fatalities have occurred. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)
  
• Suloctidil Hydrochloride [M0329622]
  
• Sulp [M0475991]
  
• Sulpiride [M0020813]
  A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Sulpitil [M0475988]
  
• Sulpivert [M0475989]
  
• Sulpor [M0475990]
  
• Sulprim [M0024016]
  
• Sulpyrin [M0372391]
  
• Sulpyrine [M0372390]
  
• Sultanol [M0000635]
  
• Sumatriptan [M0027392]
  A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
  
• Sumatriptan Succinate [M0027393]
  
• Sumetrolim [M0024017]
  
• Sun-Benz [M0477231]
  
• Sunfural S [M0372975]
  
• Sunscreening Agents [M0020816]
  Chemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking ultraviolet radiation.
  
• Superlipid [M0475865]
  
• Superol [M0473946]
  
• Superoxol [M0010720]
  
• Superpep [M0485152]
  
• Supraviran [M0450123]
  
• Suprofen [M0020851]
  An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.
  
• Suramin [M0020853]
  A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.
  
• Suramin Sodium [M0329624]
  
• Suramin, Monosodium Salt [M0329625]
  
• Surface-Active Agents [M0020858]
  Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.
  
• Surfont [M0474739]
  
• Surgestone [M0475994]
  
• Surital [M0021330]
  
• Surmontil [M0354076]
  
• Surquina [M0475001]
  
• Susadrin [M0009445]
  
• Sustac [M0009428]
  
• Sustained-Release Preparations [M0379025]
  
• Sustaire [M0362250]
  
• Sustak [M0009446]
  
• Sustanon [M0057170]
  
• Sustonit [M0009447]
  
• Suxamethonium Bromide [M0020715]
  
• Suxamethonium Chloride [M0020711]
  
• Svedocain Sin Vasoconstr [M0465180]
  
• Swainsonine [M0025867]
  An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.
  
• Swainsonine, (1R-(2 beta,8a alpha))-Isomer [M0329436]
  
• Swainsonine, (2 beta,8a alpha)-Isomer [M0329380]
  
• Swainsonine, (8 alpha)-Isomer [M0329321]
  
• Swainsonine, (8 alpha,8a alpha)-Isomer [M0329320]
  
• Swainsonine, (8a alpha)-Isomer [M0329437]
  
• Sydnopharm [M0353343]
  
• Symadine [M0432301]
  
• Symmetrel [M0000849]
  
• Symoron [M0474186]
  
• Sympaethamin [M0350535]
  
• Sympathetic Transmitter Releasers [M0027963]
  
• Sympatholytics [M0020945]
  Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by any mechanism. The most common of these are the ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS and drugs that deplete norepinephrine or reduce the release of transmitters from adrenergic postganglionic terminals (see ADRENERGIC AGENTS). Drugs that act in the central nervous system to reduce sympathetic activity (e.g., centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, see ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS) are included here.
  
• Sympathomimetics [M0020947]
  Drugs that mimic the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters.
  
• Synalar [M0372968]
  
• Synarel [M0373294]
  
• Syncoumar [M0372276]
  
• Syncumar [M0372277]
  
• Syndet [M0006091]
  
• Syn�dil [M0475993]
  
• Synemol [M0372967]
  
• Synephrin [M0350534]
  
• Synephrine [M0020958]
  Sympathetic alpha-adrenergic agonist with actions like PHENYLEPHRINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor in circulatory failure, asthma, nasal congestion, and glaucoma.
  
• Synestrol [M0352324]
  
• Syneudon [M0433231]
  
• Synflex [M0014466]
  
• Synophylate [M0021289]
  
• Synthroid [M0373452]
  
• Synthrom [M0372278]
  
• Synthrox [M0463516]
  
• Syntocinon [M0015704]
  
• Syntomycin [M0004127]
  
• Syntostigmine [M0014618]
  
• Tabloid [M0476616]
  
• Tachmalin [M0354273]
  
• Tachydaron [M0433221]
  
• Tacrine [M0021008]
  A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
  
• Tacrine Hydrochloride [M0021011]
  
• Tacrolimus [M0025261]
  A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.
  
• Taeniacides [M0001377]
  
• Tagamet [M0004483]
  
• Takus [M0003136]
  
• Talusin [M0351158]
  
• Talwin [M0016180]
  
• Tambocor [M0008558]
  
• Tamiflu [M0356518]
  
• Tamik [M0485102]
  
• Tamoxifen [M0021024]
  One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.
  
• Tamoxifen Citrate [M0373246]
  
• Tampovagan [M0485066]
  
• Tanderil [M0473942]
  
• TAP-144 [M0025474]
  
• Tapazole [M0352355]
  
• Taractan [M0354234]
  
• Targeted Toxins [M0001375]
  
• Tari-Dog [M0432769]
  
• Tarivid [M0023432]
  
• Tasedan [M0485325]
  
• Tauredon [M0351522]
  
• Taurine [M0021065]
  A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.
  
• Taurine Chenodeoxycholate [M0021067]
  
• Taurine Deoxycholate [M0021073]
  
• Taurine Hydrochloride [M0329633]
  
• Taurine Lithocholate [M0021075]
  
• Taurine Zinc Salt (2:1) [M0329632]
  
• Taurine, Monopotassium Salt [M0329631]
  
• Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid [M0021066]
  A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
  
• Taurocholate [M0372891]
  
• Taurocholic Acid [M0021069]
  The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.
  
• Taurocholic Acid, (5 alpha)-Isomer [M0329636]
  
• Taurocholic Acid, (7 beta)-Isomer [M0329637]
  
• Taurocholic Acid, Monolithium Salt [M0329634]
  
• Taurocholic Acid, Monosodium Salt [M0329635]
  
• Taurodeoxycholic Acid [M0021072]
  A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.
  
• Taurolithocholic Acid [M0021074]
  A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.
  
• Taurolithocholic Acid, Monosodium Salt [M0329638]
  
• Tavan SP 54 [M0357844]
  
• Tavegyl [M0004554]
  
• Tavist [M0004552]
  
• Taxilan [M0354120]
  
• Taxol [M0026157]
  
• Tazepam [M0353489]
  
• Taziken [M0476176]
  
• TB I-698 [M0352344]
  
• Tc 99m-Albumin [M0021096]
  
• Tea Tree Oil [M0328581]
  Essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree). It is used as a topical antimicrobial due to the presence of terpineol.
  
• Tears, Artificial [M0015327]
  
• Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin [M0021095]
  A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in cardiovascular and cerebral circulation.
  
• Tedicumar [M0476575]
  
• Tedipulmo [M0476177]
  
• Tegafur [M0008871]
  Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms.
  
• Tegretol [M0003329]
  
• Teldrin [M0478179]
  
• Tele-Stulln [M0462900]
  
• Telmin [M0353560]
  
• Temaze [M0476100]
  
• temazep von ct [M0476099]
  
• Temazepam [M0021137]
  A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.
  
• Temesta [M0012698]
  
• Temigran [M0354244]
  
• Temovate [M0069220]
  
• Tempone [M0351797]
  
• Temposil [M0005435]
  
• Tenakrin [M0332604]
  
• Tenalin [M0351270]
  
• Tendor [M0005710]
  
• Tenex [M0350961]
  
• Teniposide [M0021161]
  A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.
  
• Teniposide, (5a alpha,9 alpha(S*))-Isomer [M0329641]
  
• Tenormine [M0001901]
  
• Tenox [M0476101]
  
• Tenox BHA [M0351792]
  
• Tensatrin [M0017923]
  
• Tensides [M0054041]
  
• Tensilon [M0007060]
  
• Tenso Stop [M0482930]
  
• Tensogradal [M0463398]
  
• Tenuate [M0432370]
  
• Tenuazonic Acid [M0021169]
  3-Acetyl-5-sec-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-one. A metabolite found in a strain of the fungus Alternaria tenuis Auct. which functions as an antibiotic with antiviral and antineoplastic properties, and may also act as a mycotoxin.
  
• Teonicol [M0352652]
  
• Tepanil [M0432398]
  
• Tepavil [M0475992]
  
• Teprotide [M0021171]
  A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.
  
• Terbul [M0476178]
  
• Terbutalin AL [M0476179]
  
• Terbutalin Stada [M0476180]
  
• terbutalin von ct [M0476187]
  
• Terbutalin-ratiopharm [M0476188]
  
• Terbutaline [M0021177]
  A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.
  
• Terbutaline Sulfate [M0021178]
  
• Terbuturmant [M0476189]
  
• Terfedura [M0476196]
  
• Terfemundin [M0476197]
  
• Terfenadin AL [M0476198]
  
• Terfenadin Heumann [M0476199]
  
• Terfenadin Stada [M0476200]
  
• terfenadin von ct [M0476201]
  
• Terfenadin-ratiopharm [M0476202]
  
• Terfenadine [M0025307]
  A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug is used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria.
  
• Tergitol [M0017135]
  
• Tergitol 4 [M0350675]
  
• Teriparatide [M0028836]
  A synthetic polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
  
• Teriparatide Acetate [M0028838]
  
• Ternadin [M0476203]
  
• Teronac [M0353740]
  
• Terry White Chemists Gemfibrozil [M0483088]
  
• Terry White Chemists Moclobemide [M0474428]
  
• Tersaseptic [M0476894]
  
• Tesacof [M0463242]
  
• Teslac [M0351083]
  
• Tespa [M0352205]
  
• Tespamin [M0352204]
  
• Testim [M0476218]
  
• Testoderm [M0476219]
  
• Testolactone [M0021194]
  An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.
  
• Testolin [M0476220]
  
• Testopel [M0476221]
  
• Testosteron propionat Eifelfango [M0476237]
  
• Testosterone [M0021196]
  A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
  
• Testosterone Propionate [M0021197]
  An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.
  
• Testosterone Sulfate [M0021198]
  
• Testotard [M0482909]
  
• Testoviron [M0351104]
  
• Testred [M0351106]
  
• Tetanus Antitoxin [M0021201]
  An antitoxin used for the treatment of TETANUS.
  
• Tetanus Toxoid [M0021204]
  
• Tetanus Vaccine [M0021205]
  
• Tetrabenazine [M0021208]
  A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic but now used primarily in the treatment of various movement disorders including tardive dyskinesia. Tetrabenazine blocks uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system.
  
• Tetrabromsulphthalein [M0020788]
  
• Tetracaine [M0021210]
  A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.
  
• Tetracaine Monohydrochloride [M0329643]
  
• Tetracemate [M0007076]
  
• Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin [M0021211]
  A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose reproductive, as well as, other health risks for animals and humans.
  
• Tetrachloroethylene [M0021212]
  A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.
  
• Tetraethylammonium [M0029362]
  A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)
  
• Tetraethylammonium Bromide [M0029363]
  
• Tetraethylammonium Chloride [M0029364]
  
• Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide [M0329102]
  
• Tetraethylammonium Iodide [M0329100]
  
• Tetragastrin [M0021228]
  L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.
  
• Tetrahydrocannabinol [M0021229]
  A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. Dronabinol is a synthetic form of delta-9-THC.
  
• Tetrahydrocannabinol, (6a-trans)-Isomer [M0331280]
  
• Tetrahydrocannabinol, (6aR-cis)-Isomer [M0331284]
  
• Tetrahydrocannabinol, (6aS-cis)-Isomer [M0331282]
  
• Tetrahydrocannabinol, Trans-(+-)-Isomer [M0331281]
  
• Tetrahydrocannabinol, Trans-Isomer [M0331283]
  
• Tetrahydrouridine [M0021239]
  An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.
  
• Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide [M0021242]
  N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.
  
• Tetramisole [M0021246]
  
• Tetrate [M0474054]
  
• Tetrathionic Acid [M0021252]
  A sulfuric acid dimer, formed by disulfide linkage. This compound has been used to prolong coagulation time and as an antidote in cyanide poisoning.
  
• Tetrathionic Acid, Calcium Salt (1:1) [M0331288]
  
• Tetrathionic Acid, Dipotassium Salt [M0331287]
  
• Tetrathionic Acid, Disodium Salt [M0331285]
  
• Tetrathionic Acid, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate [M0331286]
  
• Tetravalent Meningococcal Vaccine [M0118935]
  
• Tetraverin [M0363598]
  
• Teturam [M0006606]
  
• Tevacor [M0015661]
  
• TFT Ophtiole [M0476897]
  
• Th-1165a [M0008334]
  
• TH-6040 [M0352406]
  
• THA [M0476031]
  
• Thalidomide [M0021267]
  A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppresive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.
  
• Thalinol [M0474416]
  
• Thalitone [M0350891]
  
• Thalomid [M0476424]
  
• Thebaine [M0021272]
  A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Thenoyltrifluoroacetone [M0021283]
  Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.
  
• Theo-24 [M0362265]
  
• Theobid [M0362264]
  
• Theobromine [M0021284]
  3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9)
  
• Theocin [M0362263]
  
• Theocodin [M0015665]
  
• Theoconfin Continuous [M0362262]
  
• Theodur [M0021292]
  
• Theolair [M0362261]
  
• Theolix [M0362260]
  
• Theon [M0362259]
  
• Theonite [M0362258]
  
• Theopek [M0362271]
  
• Theophyllamin Jenapharm [M0432770]
  
• Theophyllin EDA-ratiopharm [M0432771]
  
• Theophylline [M0021287]
  A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLATE CYCLASE and cyclic AMP.
  
• Theophylline Sodium Glycinate [M0021290]
  
• Theospan [M0362270]
  
• Theostat [M0362269]
  
• Theovent [M0362268]
  
• Therabloat [M0350682]
  
• Th�ral�ne [M0431992]
  
• Therapin Hustenl�ser [M0452002]
  
• Thermazene [M0475870]
  
• Thiabendazole [M0021313]
  2-Substituted benzimidazole first introduced in 1962. It is active against a variety of nematodes and is the drug of choice for strongyloidiasis. It has CNS side effects and hepatototoxic potential. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p919)
  
• Thiamazol Henning [M0476436]
  
• Thiamazol Hexal [M0476437]
  
• Thiamine [M0021318]
  3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium chloride.
  
• Thiamine Mononitrate [M0021319]
  
• Thiamine Pyrophosphate [M0021323]
  The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.
  
• Thiamylal [M0021329]
  A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919)
  
• Thiamylal Sodium [M0476443]
  
• Thiethylperazine [M0021336]
  A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457)
  
• Thiethylperazine Malate [M0021337]
  
• Thiethylperazine Maleate (2:1) [M0329652]
  
• Thimecil [M0474837]
  
• Thimerosal [M0021339]
  A topical antiseptic used on skin and mucous membranes. It is also used as a preservative in pharmaceuticals.
  
• Thioacetazone [M0021315]
  A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217)
  
• Thiodril [M0372312]
  
• Thioguanine [M0021356]
  An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.
  
• Thioguanine Hemihydrate [M0329654]
  
• Thioguanine Monosodium Salt [M0329655]
  
• Thioinosine [M0021358]
  Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)
  
• Thiola [M0373099]
  
• Thionembutal [M0392804]
  
• Thionylan [M0351269]
  
• Thiopental [M0021364]
  A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration. It is also used for hypnosis and for the control of convulsive states. It has been used in neurosurgical patients to reduce increased intracranial pressure. It does not produce any excitation but has poor analgesic and muscle relaxant properties. Small doses have been shown to be anti-analgesic and lower the pain threshold. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p920)
  
• Thiopental Nycomed [M0476447]
  
• Thiopental Sodium [M0376292]
  
• Thiophanate [M0021369]
  Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.
  
• Thiopronine [M0013445]
  Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.
  
• Thioridazine [M0021377]
  A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of psychoses, including schizophrenia, and in the control of severely disturbed or agitated behavior. It has little antiemetic activity. Thioridazine has a higher incidence of antimuscarinic effects, but a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, than CHLORPROMAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p618)
  
• Thioridazine Hydrochloride [M0361678]
  
• Thiorphan [M0023434]
  A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.
  
• Thiorphan, (R)-Isomer [M0329518]
  
• Thiorphan, (S)-Isomer [M0329519]
  
• Thiosulfil [M0350929]
  
• Thiotepa [M0021343]
  A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).
  
• Thiothixene [M0021384]
  A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.
  
• Thiouracil [M0021385]
  Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.
  
• Thiouridine [M0021387]
  A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label.
  
• Thiram [M0021389]
  A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme glutathione reductase. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.
  
• Thiuram D [M0351503]
  
• Thomaegelin [M0475083]
  
• Thomasin [M0007918]
  
• Thombran [M0476877]
  
• Thorazine [M0004203]
  
• Thrombate III [M0434014]
  
• Thrombin [M0021424]
  An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.
  
• Thrombinar [M0373253]
  
• Thrombolysin [M0372964]
  
• Thrombostat [M0373252]
  
• Thymoanaleptics [M0001385]
  
• Thymol [M0021457]
  A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge. (Dorland, 28th ed)
  
• Thymoleptics [M0001386]
  
• Thymopentin [M0024918]
  Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. It is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies.
  
• Thypinone [M0021501]
  
• Thyramine [M0370894]
  
• Thyrax [M0463511]
  
• Thyreoliberin [M0021502]
  
• Thyro-Block [M0475319]
  
• Thyroglobulin [M0021472]
  
• Thyroid Gland, Desiccated [M0021483]
  A powder preparation of dried thyroid glands after the removal of fat and connective tissue. It is a yellowish to buff-colored amorphous powder containing 0.17-0.23% of iodine.
  
• Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone [M0021497]
  A tripeptide that stimulates the release of THYROTROPIN and PROLACTIN. It is synthesized by the neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, TRH (was called TRF) stimulates the release of TSH and PRL from the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
  
• Thyroxine [M0021504]
  The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
  
• Thyrozol [M0476438]
  
• Tiapridal [M0350882]
  
• Tiapride [M0021509]
  Benzamide derivative with dopamine antagonist actions similar to SULPIRIDE. It has been used as an antipsychotic and in the treatment of various movement disorders.
  
• Tiapride Monohydrochloride [M0329664]
  
• Tiberal [M0352083]
  
• Ticlid [M0353431]
  
• Ticlodix [M0353432]
  
• Ticlodone [M0353433]
  
• Ticlopidine [M0021526]
  Ticlopidine is an effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The drug has been found to significantly reduce infarction size in acute myocardial infarcts and is an effective antithrombotic agent in arteriovenous fistulas, aorto-coronary bypass grafts, ischemic heart disease, venous thrombosis, and arteriosclerosis.
  
• Ticlopidine Hydrochloride [M0021525]
  
• Ticrynafen [M0021527]
  A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.
  
• Tigason [M0351971]
  
• Tilade [M0026946]
  
• Tiletamine [M0021530]
  Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.
  
• Tiletamine Hydrochloride [M0351825]
  
• Tilidine [M0021533]
  An opioid analgesic used similarly to MORPHINE in the control of moderate to severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1097)
  
• Tilidine Hydrochloride [M0329667]
  
• Tilidine Hydrochloride, (+)-Trans [M0329666]
  
• Tilorone [M0021536]
  An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.
  
• Tilorone Hydrochloride [M0329668]
  
• Timacar [M0021545]
  
• Timed-Release Preparations [M0379026]
  
• Timolol [M0021546]
  A beta-adrenergic antagonist similar in action to PROPRANOLOL. The levo-isomer is the more active. Timolol has been proposed as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antiangina, and antiglaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS and tremor.
  
• Timolol Hemihydrate [M0423711]
  
• Timolol Maleate [M0021551]
  
• Timoptic [M0021547]
  
• Timoptol [M0021548]
  
• Timunox [M0373281]
  
• Tinactin [M0476657]
  
• Tinatox [M0476674]
  
• Tindurine [M0373205]
  
• Tineafax [M0476675]
  
• Ting [M0476676]
  
• Tinidazole [M0021569]
  A nitroimidazole antitrichomonal agent effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia infections.
  
• Tiobarbital Braun [M0476449]
  
• Tioguanina Wellcome [M0476617]
  
• Tiotrifar [M0351787]
  
• Tipuric [M0451693]
  
• Tirocal [M0467143]
  
• Tirodril [M0476439]
  
• Tiroidine [M0463517]
  
• Tiroxina Leo [M0463518]
  
• Tisamid [M0373204]
  
• Tisercin [M0354114]
  
• Tisseel [M0373272]
  
• Tissucol [M0373277]
  
• Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 [M0029272]
  A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a 21-kDa nonglycosylated protein found in tissue fluid and is secreted as a complex with progelatinase A by human fibroblast and uncomplexed from alveolar macrophages. An overexpression of TIMP-2 has been shown to inhibit invasive and metastatic activity of tumor cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo.
  
• Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 [M0029273]
  A member of the family of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Mutations of the gene for TIMP3 protein causes Sorsby fundus dystrophy.
  
• Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases [M0029270]
  A family of secreted proteins (TIMP-1; TIMP-2; and TIMP-3) that play a crucial role in regulating the activity of the secreted METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES; (COLLAGENASES; stromelysins; GELATINASES). Of the three characterized, only TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 appear to have related primary structures and inhibitory properties. They influence the activation of the prometalloproteinase and act to modulate proteolysis of extracellular matrix, notably during tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes. On certain cell types, they can exhibit growth factor-like activity, and they can inhibit the tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype in cancer cells. (Pharmacol Ther 1993;59:329-41)
  
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator [M0016991]
  A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to PLASMIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from URINARY PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases. EC 3.4.21.68.
  
• Tixantone [M0012717]
  
• TL-azole [M0475883]
  
• TM-906 [M0351712]
  
• TN-762 [M0351746]
  
• TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand [M0256022]
  A transmembrane-protein belonging to the TNF family of intercellular signaling proteins. It is a widely expressed ligand that activates APOPTOSIS by binding to TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND RECEPTORS. The membrane-bound form of the protein can be cleaved by specific CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES to form a soluble ligand form.
  
• Tocainide [M0025410]
  An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of sodium channels.
  
• Tocainide Hydrochloride [M0332642]
  
• Tocainide Monohdyrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0329393]
  
• Tocainide Monohydrobromide, (R)-Isomer [M0329398]
  
• Tocainide Monohydrochloride [M0329391]
  
• Tocainide Monohydrochloride, (+-)-Isomer [M0329396]
  
• Tocainide Monohydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329395]
  
• Tocainide, (+-)-Isomer [M0329397]
  
• Tocainide, (R)-Isomer [M0329392]
  
• Tocainide, (S)-Isomer [M0329394]
  
• Tocainide, Conjugate Monoacid(S)-Isomer [M0329390]
  
• Tocolytic Agents [M0023285]
  Drugs that prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions (TOCOLYSIS). Agents used to delay premature uterine activity include magnesium sulfate, beta-mimetics, oxytocin antagonists, calcium channel inhibitors, and adrenergic beta-receptor agonists. The use of intravenous alcohol as a tocolytic is now obsolete.
  
• Tocopherols [M0022803]
  A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.
  
• Tocotrienols [M0370452]
  Natural analogs of TOCOPHEROLS exhibiting antioxidant activity. These tocol derivatives and isomers contain a benzopyran ring and an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain.
  
• Todralazine [M0021614]
  An antihypertensive agent with both central and peripheral action; it has some central nervous system depressant effects.
  
• Tofranil [M0354011]
  
• Tolazamide [M0021626]
  A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.
  
• Tolazoline [M0021628]
  A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
  
• Tolazoline Hydrochloride [M0331290]
  
• Tolbutamid R.A.N. [M0476645]
  
• Tolbutamide [M0021630]
  A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)
  
• Tolectin [M0021632]
  
• Tolid [M0464814]
  
• Tolinase [M0476636]
  
• Tolmetin [M0021631]
  A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.
  
• Tolmetin Sodium [M0329544]
  
• Tolmetin Sodium, Anhydrous [M0329543]
  
• Tolnaftat Purder N [M0476677]
  
• Tolnaftate [M0021633]
  A synthetic antifungal agent.
  
• Tolonium Chloride [M0021634]
  A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.
  
• Tolperisone [M0021637]
  A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)
  
• Tolperisone Hydrochloride [M0476682]
  
• Tolvon [M0354041]
  
• Tolyprin [M0440885]
  
• Tomatine [M0021644]
  An alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed)
  
• Tomaxithen [M0021028]
  
• Tomosar [M0351728]
  
• Tonibral [M0005700]
  
• Tonocard [M0025411]
  
• Tonoftal [M0476678]
  
• Topicort [M0485034]
  
• Topicorte [M0485033]
  
• Topisolon [M0351301]
  
• Toposar [M0478087]
  
• Topotecan [M0029340]
  An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.
  
• Topotecan Hydrochloride [M0329084]
  
• Topsym [M0478612]
  
• Topsyn [M0351298]
  
• Topsyne [M0478613]
  
• Toradol [M0140750]
  
• Torbugesic [M0466362]
  
• Toremifene [M0026287]
  A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.
  
• Toremifene Citrate [M0026288]
  
• Toremifene, (E)-Isomer [M0329298]
  
• Torental [M0016201]
  
• Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone [M0021714]
  An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.
  
• Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone [M0021715]
  An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.
  
• Toxiferine [M0021723]
  A curare alkaloid that is a very potent competitive nicotinic antagonist at the neuromuscular junction.
  
• Toxins, Chimeric [M0001374]
  
• Toxogonin [M0351237]
  
• Toxoids [M0021727]
  Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins.
  
• Toyocamycin [M0021736]
  4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.
  
• TR-4698 [M0351569]
  
• Trachyl [M0477828]
  
• Tracrium [M0001924]
  
• Tradon [M0474039]
  
• Tragacanth [M0021756]
  Powdered exudate from Astragalus gummifer and related plants. It forms gelatinous mass in water. Tragacanth is used as suspending agent, excipient or emulsifier in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It has also been used as a bulk-forming laxative.
  
• Tramadol [M0021764]
  A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.
  
• Tramadol Hydrochloride [M0021766]
  
• Tramal [M0021765]
  
• Trandate [M0012099]
  
• Tranexamic Acid [M0021767]
  Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.
  
• Tranmep [M0473987]
  
• Tranquilizing Agents [M0021769]
  A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought, or behavior. Included here are the ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS (minor tranquilizers), ANTIMANIC AGENTS, and the ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS (major tranquilizers). These drugs act by different mechanisms and are used for different therapeutic purposes.
  
• trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride [M0002055]
  An anticholesteremic agent that inhibits sterol biosynthesis in animals.
  
• trans-Clomiphene Citrate [M0004593]
  
• Transamin [M0351717]
  
• Transamine [M0021845]
  
• Transannon [M0492516]
  
• Transderm Nitro [M0009448]
  
• Transderm Scop [M0352991]
  
• Transglutine [M0373276]
  
• Translagen [M0192605]
  
• Tranxene [M0004630]
  
• Tranxilium [M0372325]
  
• Tranxilium N [M0476800]
  
• Tranylcypromine [M0021846]
  A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)
  
• Tranylcypromine Sulfate [M0476865]
  
• Trapanal [M0021365]
  
• Trapidil [M0021847]
  A coronary vasodilator agent.
  
• Trasicor [M0015660]
  
• Traskolan [M0011915]
  
• Trasylol [M0011906]
  
• Trauma-Dolgit Gel [M0010974]
  
• Traumanase [M0002936]
  
• Travacalm HO [M0475518]
  
• Travel Well [M0485151]
  
• Traziquantel [M0361633]
  
• Trazodon Hexal [M0476878]
  
• Trazodon-neuraxpharm [M0476879]
  
• Trazodone [M0021855]
  A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309)
  
• Trazodone Hydrochloride [M0021856]
  
• Trazon [M0476880]
  
• Trecator-SC [M0352583]
  
• Tr�d�mine [M0463068]
  
• tregor [M0432313]
  
• Trehalose-6,6'-Dimycolate [M0005167]
  
• Tremblex [M0006104]
  
• Tremorine [M0021870]
  
• Trenbolone [M0021871]
  17-beta-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one. An anabolic steroid used mainly as a growth substance in animals.
  
• Trendinol [M0463399]
  
• Trenimon [M0353135]
  
• Trental [M0016199]
  
• Tretinoin [M0021879]
  An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).
  
• Tretinoin Potassium Salt [M0329549]
  
• Tretinoin Sodium Salt [M0329548]
  
• Tretinoin Zinc Salt [M0329550]
  
• Tretoquinol [M0021886]
  An adrenergic beta-agonist used as a bronchodilator agent in asthma therapy.
  
• Tretoquinol-(R) [M0407422]
  
• Tretoquinol-(S) HCl [M0407423]
  
• Trexan [M0352956]
  
• Triacetin [M0021888]
  A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.
  
• Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl [M0021889]
  Cyclic N-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent.
  
• Trialmin [M0483089]
  
• Triamcinolone [M0021894]
  A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)
  
• Triamcinolone Acetonide [M0021897]
  An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.
  
• Triamterene [M0021904]
  A pteridine that is used as a mild diuretic.
  
• Triatec [M0361648]
  
• Triazide [M0353612]
  
• Triaziquone [M0021909]
  Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.
  
• Triazolam [M0021910]
  A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.
  
• Trichazol [M0013707]
  
• Trichlorfon [M0021916]
  A organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed)
  
• Trichlormethiazide [M0021917]
  A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)
  
• Trichloroepoxypropane [M0021921]
  A potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. It enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens.
  
• Trichloroethylene [M0021923]
  A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.
  
• Trichodermin [M0021925]
  Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry.
  
• Trichodermol [M0021926]
  
• Trichopol [M0013708]
  
• Trichosanthin [M0024413]
  Plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) purified from the Chinese medicinal herb tian-hua-fen which is obtained from the root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii. It has been used as an abortifacient and in the treatment of trophoblastic tumors. GLQ223 (Compound Q), a highly purified form of trichosanthin, has been proposed as antiviral treatment for AIDS.
  
• Triclosan [M0021945]
  A diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action.
  
• Tricolam [M0476615]
  
• Tricor [M0478159]
  
• Tricort-40 [M0021903]
  
• Tricyclamol [M0017639]
  
• Tridesilon [M0351475]
  
• Trid�sonit [M0485032]
  
• Tridil [M0009429]
  
• Tridione [M0353361]
  
• Trielina [M0351890]
  
• Triethylenemelamine [M0021951]
  Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.
  
• Triethylenephosphoramide [M0021170]
  An insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent.
  
• Triethylenetetramine [M0021952]
  Used as stabilizer for epoxy resins, as ampholyte for isoelectric focusing and as chelating agent for copper in hepatolenticular degeneration; may cause liver damage.
  
• Triethyltin Compounds [M0021953]
  Organic compounds composed of tin and three ethyl groups. Affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes.
  
• Triflumann [M0476898]
  
• Trifluoperazine [M0021955]
  A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE. It is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic.
  
• Trifluperidol [M0021961]
  A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)
  
• Triflupromazine [M0021962]
  A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.
  
• Trifluridine [M0021960]
  An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)
  
• Triftazin [M0021954]
  
• Trigynon [M0351426]
  
• Trihexyphenidyl [M0021972]
  One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.
  
• Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride [M0021971]
  
• Triiodothyronine [M0021977]
  A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
  
• Triiodothyronine, Reverse [M0021978]
  A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.
  
• Trilafon [M0016379]
  
• Trilam [M0476884]
  
• Trilene [M0351889]
  
• Trimebutine [M0021980]
  Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.
  
• Trimebutine Maleate Salt [M0351710]
  
• Trimecaine [M0021982]
  Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic.
  
• Trimecaine Monohydrochloride [M0329551]
  
• Trimedoxime [M0021983]
  Cholinesterase reactivator used as an antidote in alkyl phosphate poisoning.
  
• Trimedoxime Bromide [M0021984]
  
• Trimeperidine [M0017702]
  
• Trimeprazine [M0021986]
  A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.
  
• Trimetazidine [M0021987]
  A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.
  
• Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride [M0476912]
  
• Trim�tazidine Irex [M0476914]
  
• Trimethadione [M0021989]
  An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)
  
• Trimethaphan [M0021990]
  A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.
  
• Trimethoprim [M0021991]
  A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. The interference with folic acid metabolism may cause a depression of hematopoiesis. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.
  
• Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination [M0024001]
  This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.
  
• Trimethoprimsulfa [M0024018]
  
• Trimethylpsoralen [M0022010]
  
• Trimethyltin Compounds [M0021994]
  Organic compounds composed of tin and three methyl groups. Affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes.
  
• Trimetin [M0353363]
  
• Trimetrexate [M0025316]
  A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.
  
• Trimetrexate Hydrate [M0331296]
  
• Trimetrexate Monohydrate, Monoacetate [M0331295]
  
• Trimipramine [M0021995]
  Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.
  
• Trimipramine Maleate [M0329556]
  
• Trimipramine Maleate (1:1) [M0329560]
  
• Trimipramine Maleate (1:1), (+)-Isomer [M0329554]
  
• Trimipramine Maleate (1:1), (+-)-Isomer [M0329552]
  
• Trimipramine Maleate (1:1), (-)-Isomer [M0329553]
  
• Trimipramine Mesylate [M0329557]
  
• Trimipramine Monohydrochloride [M0329559]
  
• Trimipramine, (+-)-Isomer [M0329555]
  
• Trimipramine, (-)-Isomer [M0329558]
  
• Trimosulfa [M0024019]
  
• Trimovax [M0143259]
  
• Trimpex [M0373256]
  
• Trinitrin [M0009430]
  
• Trinitrolong [M0009449]
  
• Trinordiol [M0351443]
  
• Triombrast [M0350704]
  
• Triombrin [M0350703]
  
• Triostam [M0351608]
  
• Trioxsalen [M0022009]
  Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.
  
• Triparanol [M0022011]
  Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.
  
• Tripedia [M0272462]
  
• Tripelennamine [M0022012]
  A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.
  
• Tripelennamine Citrate [M0022013]
  
• Tripelennamine Hydrochloride [M0329564]
  
• Tripelennamine Maleate [M0329565]
  
• Tripelennamine Maleate (1:1) [M0329566]
  
• Tripelennamine Monohydrochloride [M0329563]
  
• Tripfluoperazine Hydrochloride [M0354143]
  
• Triphasil [M0351446]
  
• Triprolidine [M0022015]
  Histamine H1 antagonist used in ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.
  
• Triprolidine Hydrochloride [M0329573]
  
• Triprolidine Monohydrochloride [M0329572]
  
• Triprolidine Monohydrochloride, (Z)-Isomer [M0329571]
  
• Triprolidine Oxalate [M0329569]
  
• Triprolidine Oxalate, (trans)-Isomer [M0329570]
  
• Triprolidine, (Z)-Isomer [M0329568]
  
• Triptafen [M0433232]
  
• Triptans [M0483514]
  Derivatives of TRYPTAMINES that are SEROTONIN AGONISTS acting at 5-HT1 RECEPTORS. Some are used to treat MIGRAINE DISORDERS.
  
• TripTone [M0485157]
  
• Triptorelin [M0026318]
  A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.
  
• Triquilar [M0351455]
  
• Trisan [M0476895]
  
• Trisedil [M0351992]
  
• Trisiston [M0351456]
  
• Trisistone-R [M0351458]
  
• Trisodium Phosphonoformate [M0026167]
  
• Trisoralen [M0392812]
  
• Trithio [M0351786]
  
• Triton X-100 [M0026940]
  
• Triton X-305 [M0026942]
  
• Triton X-45 [M0026941]
  
• Trittico [M0021854]
  
• Trivalent Equine Botulinum Antitoxin [M0002843]
  
• Trivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine [M0463892]
  
• Trivastal [M0353381]
  
• Trivazol [M0013709]
  
• Triviraten Berna [M0143260]
  
• Trizma [M0350690]
  
• Trofan [M0372553]
  
• Tromasin [M0332353]
  
• Trombavar [M0350674]
  
• Tromethamine [M0022030]
  An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)
  
• Tromexan [M0372413]
  
• Tropicamide [M0022036]
  One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.
  
• Tropicamide Monohydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0331299]
  
• Tropicamide Monohydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0331298]
  
• Tropicamide, (+-)-Isomer [M0331297]
  
• Tropicamide, (R)-Isomer [M0331300]
  
• Tropicamide, (S)-Isomer [M0331301]
  
• Truphylline [M0432772]
  
• Trypan Blue [M0022059]
  An azo that that is used in protozoal infections.
  
• Trypanocidal Agents [M0022060]
  Agents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder TRYPANOSOMATINA.
  
• Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean [M0022079]
  A low-molecular-weight protein (minimum molecular weight 8000) which has the ability to inhibit trypsin as well as chymotrypsin at independent binding sites. It is characterized by a high cystine content and the absence of glycine.
  
• Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic [M0022080]
  A pancreatic trypsin inhibitor common to all mammals. It is secreted with the zymogens into the pancreatic juice. It is a protein composed of 56 amino acid residues and is different in amino acid composition and physiological activity from the Kunitz bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (APROTININ).
  
• Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean [M0022083]
  A high-molecular-weight protein (approximately 22,500) containing 198 amino acid residues. It is a strong inhibitor of trypsin and human plasmin.
  
• Trypsin Inhibitors [M0022084]
  Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.
  
• Tryptacin [M0372552]
  
• Tryptan [M0372551]
  
• Tryptine [M0433230]
  
• Tryptizol [M0000978]
  
• Tryptophan [M0022088]
  An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
  
• Tsentedrin [M0013661]
  
• Tubazide [M0351798]
  
• Tubercidin [M0022097]
  An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.
  
• Tuberculosis Vaccines [M0002240]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.
  
• Tubocurarine [M0022137]
  A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.
  
• Tubocurarine Chloride [M0022138]
  
• Tubulicid [M0350941]
  
• Tubulin Inhibitors [M0473516]
  
• Tubulin Modulators [M0473515]
  Agents that interact with TUBULIN to inhibit or promote polymerization.
  
• Tubulin Promoters [M0473517]
  
• Tumor-Associated Trypsin Inhibitor [M0022081]
  
• Turinal [M0351232]
  
• Turisynchron [M0013550]
  
• Tuscalman [M0464787]
  
• TUT-7 [M0351732]
  
• Tween 20 [M0017255]
  
• Tween 60 [M0017256]
  
• Tween 80 [M0017257]
  
• Tween 81 [M0017258]
  
• Tween 85 [M0017259]
  
• Tweens [M0017260]
  
• Tylenol [M0000121]
  
• Type I Insulin [M0011422]
  
• Type II Insulin [M0011423]
  
• Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines [M0022189]
  Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.
  
• Tyramine [M0022194]
  An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.
  
• Tyrocidine [M0022198]
  An antibiotic mixture produced by Bacillus brevis which may be separated into three components, tyrocidines A, B, and C. It is the major constituent (40-60 per cent) of tyrothricin, gramicidin accounting for the remaining 10-20 per cent active material. It is a topical antimicrobial agent, that is very toxic parenterally.
  
• Tyrphostins [M0029739]
  A family of synthetic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. They selectively inhibit receptor autophosphorylation and are used to study receptor function.
  
• U 10858 [M0373556]
  
• U-11,100A [M0014422]
  
• U-14,624 [M0352397]
  
• U-15167 [M0373561]
  
• U-26,597 A [M0351261]
  
• U-31,889 [M0353437]
  
• U-33,030 [M0353523]
  
• U-33,624A [M0372336]
  
• U-42842 [M0351562]
  
• U-44619 [M0351552]
  
• U-50488 [M0369892]
  
• U-5897 [M0350664]
  
• U-90152 [M0353365]
  
• UCB-3983 [M0351801]
  
• UCB-6215 [M0332461]
  
• Ucephan [M0459874]
  
• Ucine [M0475940]
  
• Uftoral [M0476059]
  
• Ugurol [M0351716]
  
• UK-33274 [M0353845]
  
• UK-4271 [M0353874]
  
• UK-49858 [M0353147]
  
• Ulcerban [M0352124]
  
• Ulco [M0351545]
  
• Ulcogant [M0352123]
  
• Ulcol [M0475941]
  
• Ulcolax [M0477695]
  
• Ulcoprotect [M0475055]
  
• Ulgescum [M0475056]
  
• Ulsanic [M0352122]
  
• Ultracaine [M0372314]
  
• Ultracarbon [M0478113]
  
• Ultracorten [M0351869]
  
• Ultracortenol [M0463370]
  
• Ultradol [M0352581]
  
• Ultralan [M0372961]
  
• Ultralente Insulin [M0011439]
  
• Ultramop [M0474233]
  
• Ultrase [M0474986]
  
• UML-491 [M0352827]
  
• Uncoupling Agents [M0022252]
  Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.
  
• Undecylenic Acid [M0022254]
  
• Undecylenic Acids [M0022255]
  Salts and derivatives of undecylenic acid.
  
• Unifluid [M0475340]
  
• Unigen [M0477788]
  
• Uniphyl [M0362267]
  
• Uniphylline [M0362266]
  
• Unithiol [M0022297]
  A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.
  
• Unithroid [M0463519]
  
• Uracil Mustard [M0022303]
  Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.
  
• Uralyt U [M0028794]
  
• Urbason [M0013664]
  
• Urbason-Soluble [M0351492]
  
• Urdox [M0476461]
  
• Urdrim [M0434850]
  
• Urea [M0022315]
  A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.
  
• Urecholine [M0002443]
  
• Urethane [M0022330]
  Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.
  
• Uribenz [M0451692]
  
• Uricosuric Agents [M0022342]
  Gout suppressants that act directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma.
  
• Urinary Plasminogen Activator [M0022396]
  A proteolytic enzyme that converts plasminogen to plasmin where the preferential cleavage is between arginine and valine. It was isolated originally from human urine, but is found in most tissues of most vertebrates. EC 3.4.21.73.
  
• Uripurinol [M0451690]
  
• Urisan [M0474779]
  
• Urispas [M0008553]
  
• Urizid [M0459367]
  
• Urocarb [M0460106]
  
• Urocaudal [M0476881]
  
• Urofollitropin [M0013388]
  A protein extract of human menopausal urine in which LUTEINIZING HORMONE has been partially or completely removed. Urofollitropin represents FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE from the urine. In highly purified preparations, LH and other urinary proteins are removed.
  
• Urogesic [M0474760]
  
• Urografin 76 [M0006226]
  
• Urolene Blue [M0392720]
  
• Uromitexan [M0023196]
  
• Uronid [M0478255]
  
• Uropipemid [M0474780]
  
• Uroseptol [M0477797]
  
• Urosin [M0451681]
  
• Urotropin [M0351275]
  
• Urovist [M0350702]
  
• Urso [M0476455]
  
• Urso Heumann [M0476466]
  
• Ursobilane [M0476460]
  
• Ursochol [M0476459]
  
• Ursodeoxycholic Acid [M0022413]
  An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
  
• Ursofalk [M0476458]
  
• Ursogal [M0476457]
  
• Ursolite [M0476456]
  
• Ursolvan [M0351147]
  
• Urtias [M0451680]
  
• Ustimon [M0010325]
  
• Utefos [M0476060]
  
• UTI Relief [M0474761]
  
• Uzarigenin [M0006382]
  
• V-Serp [M0475024]
  
• V-Sul [M0475884]
  
• Vaccines [M0022453]
  Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or rickettsiae), antigenic proteins derived from them, or synthetic constructs, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.
  
• Vaccines, Acellular [M0357198]
  Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a "booster" every few years to maintain their effectiveness.
  
• Vaccines, Attenuated [M0022454]
  Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.
  
• Vaccines, Combined [M0026869]
  Two or more vaccines in a single dosage form.
  
• Vaccines, Conjugate [M0027265]
  Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.
  
• Vaccines, Contraceptive [M0005100]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent conception.
  
• Vaccines, DNA [M0028927]
  Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.
  
• Vaccines, Edible [M0358298]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines derived from edible plants. Transgenic plants (PLANTS, TRANSGENIC) are used as recombinant protein production systems and the edible plant tissue functions as an oral vaccine.
  
• Vaccines, Inactivated [M0023305]
  Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.
  
• Vaccines, Marker [M0358614]
  Vaccines used in conjunction with diagnostic tests to differentiate vaccinated animals from carrier animals. Marker vaccines can be either a subunit or a gene-deleted vaccine.
  
• Vaccines, Peptide [M0358608]
  
• Vaccines, Recombinant [M0022456]
  
• Vaccines, Subunit [M0356852]
  Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.
  
• Vaccines, Synthetic [M0022459]
  Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.
  
• Vaccines, Typhoid [M0022188]
  
• Vaccines, Virosome [M0358946]
  Vaccines using VIROSOMES as the antigen delivery system that stimulates the desired immune response.
  
• Vagi-Hex [M0449829]
  
• Vagilen [M0013710]
  
• Vaginal Creams [M0022477]
  
• Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies [M0022478]
  Medicated dosage forms for topical application in the vagina. A cream is a semisolid emulsion containing suspended or dissolved medication; a foam is a dispersion of a gas in a medicated liquid resulting in a light, frothy mass; a jelly is a colloidal semisolid mass of a water soluble medicated material, usually translucent.
  
• Vaginal Foams [M0022479]
  
• Vaginal Jelly [M0022480]
  
• Vaginal Spermicides [M0020279]
  
• Vaginal Tablet [M0022481]
  
• Valbazen [M0353546]
  
• Valium [M0006231]
  
• Valoron [M0021534]
  
• Valproate [M0022502]
  
• Valproic Acid [M0022501]
  A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of voltage dependent sodium channels.
  
• Vanadom [M0477281]
  
• Vancenase [M0473589]
  
• Vanceril [M0473590]
  
• Vaniqa [M0485299]
  
• Vantal Brand of Benzydamine Hydrochloride [M0477232]
  
• Vaponefrin [M0007586]
  
• Vaqta [M0203777]
  
• Variargil [M0431993]
  
• Varicoccid [M0352579]
  
• Varidase [M0020579]
  
• Varivax [M0373312]
  
• Vasartel [M0021988]
  
• Vascor [M0024157]
  
• Vaseline Oil [M0013897]
  
• Vasoactive Antagonists [M0022558]
  
• Vasoclear [M0462952]
  
• Vasocon [M0462951]
  
• Vasocon Regular [M0462950]
  
• Vasoconstrictor Agents [M0022551]
  Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.
  
• Vasoconstrictor Agents, Nasal [M0022555]
  
• Vasodilator Agents [M0022559]
  Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
  
• VasoNit [M0462901]
  
• Vasopressin (USP) [M0494241]
  A pharmaceutical preparation containing a mixture of arg-vasopressin and lys-vasopressin. It is prepared by synthesis or obtained from neurohypophyseal extract of domestic animals. Its vasopressor activity is not less than 300 USP vasopressin units per mg.
  
• Vasopressins [M0022562]
  Antidiuretic hormones released by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS of all vertebrates (structure varies with species) to regulate water balance and OSMOLARITY. In general, vasopressin is a nonapeptide consisting of a six-amino-acid ring with a cysteine 1 to cysteine 6 disulfide bridge or an octapeptide containing a CYSTINE. All mammals have arginine vasopressin except the pig with a lysine at position 8. Vasopressin, a vasoconstrictor, acts on the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS to increase water reabsorption, increase blood volume and blood pressure.
  
• Vasotec [M0363632]
  
• Vasoxyl [M0350564]
  
• Vastarel [M0476915]
  
• Vasten [M0475489]
  
• Vastensium [M0463400]
  
• Vasylox [M0013599]
  
• Vectarion [M0024160]
  
• Vecuronium [M0022573]
  
• Vecuronium Bromide [M0022572]
  Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.
  
• Vecuronium Bromide, Quaternary Ion [M0329605]
  
• Vecuronium Citrate [M0329600]
  
• Vecuronium Hydrochloride [M0329604]
  
• Vecuronium Maleate [M0329603]
  
• Vecuronium Phosphate [M0329601]
  
• Vegesan [M0476801]
  
• Velban [M0022673]
  
• Velosulin [M0011424]
  
• Venacil [M0332983]
  
• Venimmune [M0025527]
  
• Venoglobulin [M0025528]
  
• Venoglobulin-I [M0025529]
  
• Venosmine [M0357353]
  
• Ventavis [M0484562]
  
• Ventolin [M0000632]
  
• Venturicidins [M0022603]
  Toxic substances isolated from various strains of Streptomyces. They are 20-membered macrolides that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATPases. Venturicidins A and B are glycosides. Used mainly as tools in the study of mitochondrial function.
  
• Vepesid [M0007931]
  
• V�p�side-Sandoz [M0478097]
  
• Veralba [M0017921]
  
• Veramix [M0026194]
  
• Verapamil [M0022608]
  A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.
  
• Veratetrin [M0017918]
  
• Veratridine [M0022610]
  A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.
  
• Veratrine [M0022612]
  
• Veratrum Alkaloids [M0022614]
  Alkaloids with powerful hypotensive effects isolated from American or European Hellebore (Veratrum viride Ait. Liliaceae and Veratrum album L. Liliaceae). They increase cholinergic and decrease adrenergic tone with appropriate side effects and at higher doses depress respiration and produce cardiac arrhythmias; only the ester alkaloids have been used as hypotensive agents in specific instances. They have been generally replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects.
  
• Vercyte [M0474849]
  
• Verladyn [M0485101]
  
• Vermicol [M0474741]
  
• Vermidil [M0474742]
  
• Vermin [M0474743]
  
• Vermox [M0013159]
  
• Verografin [M0350701]
  
• Veronal [M0372655]
  
• Verospiron [M0475837]
  
• Versed [M0013845]
  
• Versenate [M0352533]
  
• Versene [M0352532]
  
• Vertigo-Vomex [M0485150]
  
• Vertigon [M0477347]
  
• Vesanoid [M0021882]
  
• Vesdil [M0475020]
  
• Veterinary Drugs [M0028558]
  Drugs used by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases. The veterinarian's pharmacological armamentarium is the counterpart of drugs treating human diseases, with dosage and administration adjusted to the size, weight, disease, and idiosyncrasies of the species. In the United States most drugs are subject to federal regulations with special reference to the safety of drugs and residues in edible animal products.
  
• Vetoron [M0351957]
  
• Vetranquil [M0431452]
  
• Vicasol [M0047741]
  
• Viclovir [M0450443]
  
• Vicrom [M0361527]
  
• Vicryl [M0373158]
  
• Vidarabine [M0022659]
  A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus.
  
• Vidarabine Phosphate [M0001639]
  An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.
  
• Vidaza [M0473506]
  
• Videx [M0024536]
  
• Vidirakt S mit PVP [M0475334]
  
• Vidisic PVP Ophtiole [M0475333]
  
• Vigabatrin [M0328364]
  An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
  
• Vigencial [M0474262]
  
• Vikasol [M0047742]
  
• Vikela [M0463418]
  
• Viloxazine [M0022667]
  A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.
  
• Viloxazine Hydrochloride [M0329607]
  
• Viloxazine Hydrochloride, (R)-Isomer [M0329486]
  
• Viloxazine Hydrochloride, (S)-Isomer [M0329485]
  
• Viloxazine Oxalate (1:1) [M0329606]
  
• Viloxazine, (+-)-Isomer [M0329608]
  
• Viloxazine, (R)-Isomer [M0329542]
  
• Viloxazine, (S)-Isomer [M0329484]
  
• Vinblastin Hexal [M0476541]
  
• Vinblastine [M0022672]
  Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)
  
• Vinblastine Sulfate [M0373265]
  
• Vinblastinsulfat-Gry [M0476542]
  
• Vinca Alkaloids [M0022674]
  A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. They inhibit polymerization of TUBULIN into MICROTUBULES thus blocking spindle formation and arresting cells in METAPHASE. They are some of the most useful ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.
  
• Vincamine [M0022675]
  A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.
  
• Vincapront [M0353115]
  
• Vincasar [M0476543]
  
• Vincimax [M0353114]
  
• Vincristin Bristol [M0476547]
  
• Vincristin medac [M0476548]
  
• Vincristine [M0022676]
  Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca Rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)
  
• Vincristine Sulfate [M0022677]
  
• Vincrisul [M0022678]
  
• Vindesine [M0022680]
  Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).
  
• Vindesine Sulfate [M0329487]
  
• Vinegar [M0028792]
  
• Vintec [M0476549]
  
• Vioform [M0011661]
  
• Viokase [M0045747]
  
• Vipral [M0450910]
  
• Vira-A [M0022660]
  
• Viracept [M0029530]
  
• Viral Hepatitis Vaccines [M0022732]
  Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.
  
• Viral Vaccines [M0022738]
  Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.
  
• Viramide [M0373209]
  
• Viramune [M0373315]
  
• Virax-Puren [M0450911]
  
• Virazide [M0475035]
  
• Virazole [M0475033]
  
• Viregyt [M0000850]
  
• Virherpes [M0451622]
  
• Virilon [M0351107]
  
• Virivac [M0143263]
  
• Virlix [M0353368]
  
• Virmen [M0451623]
  
• Virolex [M0000329]
  
• Viromidin [M0476899]
  
• Virophta [M0476900]
  
• Viroptic [M0373255]
  
• Virormone [M0476238]
  
• Virupos [M0450912]
  
• Virzin [M0451636]
  
• Visano [M0473988]
  
• Visken [M0016873]
  
• Vistagan [M0463371]
  
• Vistaril [M0010794]
  
• Vistimon [M0474163]
  
• Vitadye [M0485117]
  
• Vitamin B 12 [M0022794]
  A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.
  
• Vitamin D 2 [M0007650]
  
• Vitamin E [M0022802]
  A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
  
• Vitamin K [M0022806]
  A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (VITAMIN K 1) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.
  
• Vitamin K 1 [M0016826]
  A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.
  
• Vitamin K 2 [M0022807]
  A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.
  
• Vitamin K 3 [M0022805]
  A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.
  
• Vitamin K3 sodium bisulfite [M0047743]
  
• Vitamin U [M0022809]
  A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.
  
• Vitaseptol [M0476446]
  
• Viternum [M0005523]
  
• Vivactil [M0017929]
  
• Vivalan [M0022668]
  
• Vivarin [M0466584]
  
• VM-26 [M0357358]
  
• VMI-103 [M0350973]
  
• Volon [M0021896]
  
• Voltaren [M0006288]
  
• Voltarol [M0006285]
  
• Vomacur [M0485156]
  
• Vomisin [M0485155]
  
• Vorigeno [M0475519]
  
• VP 16-213 [M0350945]
  
• VP-16 [M0350960]
  
• Vumon [M0357357]
  
• Vupral [M0351578]
  
• W-19053 [M0350844]
  
• W-36095 [M0332641]
  
• W-6412A [M0333575]
  
• W-7000A [M0003034]
  
• Warfant [M0476576]
  
• Warfarin [M0022871]
  An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.
  
• Warfarin Potassium [M0022872]
  
• Warfarin Sodium [M0022873]
  
• WariActiv [M0477827]
  
• Wartec [M0475068]
  
• Wehamine [M0485226]
  
• Wehgen [M0477789]
  
• Weight-Loss Agents [M0028921]
  
• Wellbutrin [M0351998]
  
• Wellcome-248U [M0353794]
  
• Wellcovorin [M0369300]
  
• Wellferon [M0025712]
  
• West Nile Virus Vaccines [M0491098]
  Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with WEST NILE VIRUS.
  
• Wet-Comod [M0475331]
  
• Win-35197-2 [M0353145]
  
• Win-40680 [M0372293]
  
• Win-47203 [M0350974]
  
• Wincoram [M0372291]
  
• Windol [M0465106]
  
• Winpred [M0475849]
  
• Wiregyt [M0000851]
  
• Wormkuur [M0474744]
  
• Woun'dres [M0431996]
  
• WR-142,490 [M0353902]
  
• WR-177,602 [M0374654]
  
• WR-246310 [M0373298]
  
• WR-2721 [M0352163]
  
• WR-638 [M0352169]
  
• Wu wei zi [M0402363]
  Dried fruit of SCHISANDRA chinensis or S. sphenanthera which is used medicinally.
  
• Wu Zhu Yu [M0406171]
  Dried ripe fruit of Evodia ruticarpa that is used in DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL.
  
• Wy-21901 [M0350872]
  
• WY-22811 [M0013441]
  
• Wy-3707 [M0373572]
  
• WY-3917 [M0353494]
  
• WY-4036 [M0353485]
  
• Wy-42462 [M0373921]
  
• WY-8678 [M0350957]
  
• Wydase [M0373020]
  
• Wytensin [M0350956]
  
• X-537A [M0361711]
  
• X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein [M0261895]
  An inhibitor of apoptosis protein that is translated by a rare cap-independent mechanism. It blocks caspase-mediated cellular destruction by inhibiting CASPASE 3; CASPASE 7; and CASPASE 9.
  
• Xamoterol [M0026277]
  A selective beta-1-adrenergic partial agonist. Because it is a partial agonist it acts like an agonist when sympathetic activity is low and as an antagonist when sympathetic activity is high. It reduces myocardial ischemia and improves ventricular function in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. In patients with severe heart failure it has been shown to produce benefits in systolic and diastolic function.
  
• Xamoterol Fumarate [M0026279]
  
• Xamoterol Hemifumarate [M0350802]
  
• Xamoterol Maleate (2:1) [M0329285]
  
• Xamoterol Monohydrobromide [M0329281]
  
• Xamoterol Monohydrochloride [M0329280]
  
• Xamoterol, (S)-Isomer [M0329283]
  
• Xamtol [M0026278]
  
• Xanax [M0000807]
  
• Xanef [M0485300]
  
• Xanthinol Niacinate [M0023047]
  A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension.
  
• Xanthomax [M0451678]
  
• Xantinol-nicotinat-ratiopharm [M0476577]
  
• Xanturic [M0451677]
  
• Xavin [M0352651]
  
• Xenazine [M0476242]
  
• Xicil [M0483111]
  
• Xidifon [M0145136]
  
• Xipamide [M0023068]
  A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.
  
• Xopenex [M0359591]
  
• Xylan SP54 [M0016188]
  
• Xylazine [M0023071]
  An adrenergic alpha-agonist used as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant in veterinary medicine.
  
• Xylazine Hydrochloride [M0329491]
  
• Xylazine Monohydrochloride [M0329490]
  
• Xylazine Phosphate (1:1) [M0329492]
  
• Xylesthesin [M0350846]
  
• Xylitol [M0023075]
  A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.
  
• Xylocaine [M0012490]
  
• Xylocaine CO2 [M0012488]
  
• Xylocitin [M0350845]
  
• Xyloneural [M0012486]
  
• Xyrem [M0475568]
  
• Y-93 [M0373558]
  
• Yal [M0475713]
  
• Yellow Fever Vaccine [M0357360]
  Vaccine used to prevent YELLOW FEVER. It consists of a live attenuated 17D strain of the YELLOW FEVER VIRUS.
  
• YM-08310 [M0352162]
  
• YM-11170 [M0333423]
  
• Yocon [M0362210]
  
• Yodoxin [M0353882]
  
• Yohimbin Spiegel [M0476588]
  
• Yohimbine [M0023104]
  A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of impotence. It is also alleged to be an aphrodisiac.
  
• Yohimbine Houd� [M0476589]
  
• Yohimbine Hydrochloride [M0476584]
  
• Yohimex [M0023105]
  
• Yomesan [M0014831]
  
• Yumex [M0019600]
  
• Yutopar [M0019138]
  
• Z 7300 [M0357809]
  
• Z-Max [M0474448]
  
• Zaditen [M0012003]
  
• Zalcitabine [M0024532]
  A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.
  
• Zanamivir [M0217195]
  A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.
  
• Zanil [M0350863]
  
• Zantac [M0018472]
  
• Zantic [M0018470]
  
• Zarontin [M0007888]
  
• Zaroxolyn [M0350906]
  
• ZeaSorb [M0476679]
  
• Zeefra G� [M0477848]
  
• Zelmid [M0373270]
  
• Zemaira [M0462993]
  
• Zepelin [M0373160]
  
• Zephiran [M0350978]
  
• Zeranol [M0023124]
  A non-steroidal estrogen analog.
  
• Zerit [M0372424]
  
• Zestril [M0026772]
  
• Zetir [M0477945]
  
• Zidovudine [M0023377]
  A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.
  
• Ziken [M0474162]
  
• Zimeldine [M0023127]
  One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)
  
• Zimelidine Hydrochloride [M0023128]
  
• Zinc Acetate [M0028798]
  A salt produced by the reaction of zinc oxide with acetic acid and used as an astringent, styptic, and emetic.
  
• Zinc Glycyrrhizate [M0029247]
  
• Zinc Oxide [M0023133]
  A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.
  
• Zinc Pantothenate [M0015825]
  
• Zinc Sulfadiazine [M0020741]
  
• Zinc Sulfate [M0028716]
  A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
  
• Zinc Sulfate, Heptahydrate [M0329188]
  
• Zinc-DTPA [M0006871]
  
• Zincteral [M0028717]
  
• Zinecard [M0363548]
  
• Zinostatin [M0014562]
  An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.
  
• Zitazonium [M0021025]
  
• ZK-36374 [M0351561]
  
• ZK-62711 [M0067310]
  
• ZK-98296 [M0024117]
  
• Zoalene [M0350869]
  
• Zocor [M0029426]
  
• Zofran [M0353338]
  
• Zoladex [M0026218]
  
• Zolazepam [M0023149]
  A pyrazolodiazepinone with pharmacological actions similar to ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS. It is commonly used in combination with TILETAMINE to obtain immobilization and anesthesia in animals.
  
• Zolazepam Hydrochloride [M0353134]
  
• Zoliparin [M0451635]
  
• Zoloft [M0029931]
  
• Zomacton [M0475572]
  
• Zonal [M0478571]
  
• Zonalon [M0354084]
  
• Zorprin [M0001869]
  
• Zostavax [M0491100]
  
• Zostrix [M0467309]
  
• Zovirax [M0000328]
  
• Zoxazolamine [M0023158]
  A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.
  
• ZR-515 [M0351549]
  
• Zuclomiphene [M0004594]
  
• Zuclopenthixol [M0004623]
  
• Zyban (Anti-Smoking) [M0328848]
  
• Zyclir [M0450454]
  
• Zygout [M0451676]
  
• Zyloprim [M0353792]
  
• Zyma [M0003644]
  
• Zymafluor [M0372639]
  
• Zymase [M0474987]
  
• Zymofren [M0011916]
  
• Zyntabac [M0465420]
  
• Zyrtec [M0026322]