MeSH Semantic Type: Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure [T061]

Ablation, Transvenous Electric [M0026002]

Abortion, Eugenic [M0000030]
Abortion performed because of possible fetal defects.

Abortion, Induced [M0000037]
Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)

Abortion, Legal [M0000047]
Termination of pregnancy under conditions allowed under local laws. (POPLINE Thesaurus, 1991)

Abortion, Rivanol [M0000038]

Abortion, Saline-Solution [M0000039]

Abortion, Selective [M0000031]

Abortion, Soap-Solution [M0000044]

Abortion, Therapeutic [M0000051]
Abortion induced to save the life or health of a pregnant woman. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Accident Prevention [M0000083]
Efforts and designs to reduce the incidence of unexpected undesirable events in various environments and situations.

Acetate-Free Biofiltration [M0026645]

Acid Etching, Dental [M0000206]
Preparation of TOOTH surfaces and DENTAL MATERIALS with etching agents, usually phosphoric acid, to roughen the surface to increase adhesion or osteointegration.

Acoustic Stimulation [M0000243]
Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

Active Stretching [M0487887]
This is where one assumes a position and then holds it there with no assistance other than using the muscle strength.

Activities of Daily Living [M0000313]
The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, eating, etc., in rehabilitation.

Acupressure [M0028440]
A type of massage in which finger pressure on specific body sites is used to promote healing, relieve fatigue, etc. Although the anatomical locations are the same as the ACUPUNCTURE POINTS used in ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY (hence acu-), no needle or other acupuncture technique is employed in acupressure. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed). Shiatsu is a modern outgrowth that focuses more on prevention than healing.

Acupuncture Analgesia [M0024021]
Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body. This activates small myelinated nerve fibers in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal cord and then activate three centers - the spinal cord, midbrain and pituitary/hypothalamus - to produce analgesia.

Acupuncture Anesthesia [M0024022]
Use of ACUPUNCTURE to block the afferent nerve impulses from reaching the brain to reduce the sensation of pain for surgery.

Acupuncture Therapy [M0024024]
Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. It is sometimes used in conjunction with heat, moxibustion, acupressure, or electric stimulation.

Acupuncture, Ear [M0328390]
Acupuncture therapy by inserting needles in the ear. It is used to control pain and for treating various ailments.

Adenoidectomy [M0000364]
Excision of the adenoids. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Administration, Buccal [M0000433]
Administration of a soluble dosage form between the cheek and gingiva. It may involve direct application of a drug onto the buccal mucosa, as by painting or spraying.

Administration, Cutaneous [M0000434]
The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.

Administration, Inhalation [M0000437]
The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

Administration, Intranasal [M0000440]
The administration of drugs through the nasal passage.

Administration, Intravaginal [M0000441]
The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The dosage forms may include medicated pessaries, irrigation fluids, and suppositories.

Administration, Intravesical [M0000443]
The instillation or other administration of drugs into the bladder, usually to treat local disease, including neoplasms.

Administration, Oral [M0000446]
The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Administration, Rectal [M0000447]
The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.

Administration, Sublingual [M0000448]
Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.

Administration, Topical [M0000449]

Administration, Transcutaneous [M0000436]

Adoptive Cell Transfer [M0028690]

Adoptive Transfer [M0028691]
Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).

Adrenalectomy [M0000491]
Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Advanced Cardiac Life Support [M0358482]
The use of sophisticated methods and equipment to treat cardiopulmonary arrest. Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) includes the use of specialized equipment to maintain the airway, early defibrillation and pharmacological therapy.

Air Abrasion, Dental [M0328411]
A technique using a pneumatic, high-pressure stream of aluminum oxide to remove DENTAL ENAMEL; DENTIN; and restorative materials from teeth. In contrast to using DENTAL HIGH-SPEED EQUIPMENT, this method usually requires no dental anesthesia (ANESTHESIA, DENTAL) and reduces risks of tooth chipping and microfracturing. It is used primarily for routine DENTAL CAVITY PREPARATION.

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation [M0448188]
A ventilatory mode delivering CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE with a time cycled change between an upper and lower airway pressure level, allowing unrestricted spontaneous breathing throughout the ventilatory cycle.

Aldridge Procedure [M0020500]

Allergen Immunotherapy [M0006071]

Allograft [M0021837]

Alternative Therapies [M0381155]
Therapies are termed as Alternative when used instead of conventional treatment.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation [M0000836]
Preprosthetic surgery involving rib, cartilage, or iliac crest bone grafts, usually autologous, or synthetic implants for rebuilding the alveolar ridge.

Alveolectomy [M0000839]
Subtotal or complete excision of the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Alveoloplasty [M0000841]
Conservative contouring of the alveolar process, in preparation for immediate or future denture construction. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures [M0000869]
Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Ammotherapy [M0000987]
Treatment by application of hot sand.

Amnioscopic Surgical Procedures [M0332432]

Amnioscopy [M0332433]

Amputation [M0001033]
The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Analgesia [M0001065]
Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

Analgesia, Epidural [M0023646]
The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation.

Analgesia, Obstetrical [M0025020]
The elimination of PAIN, without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, during OBSTETRIC LABOR; OBSTETRIC DELIVERY; or the POSTPARTUM PERIOD, usually through the administration of ANALGESICS.

Analgesia, Patient-Controlled [M0024545]
Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).

Analgesic Cutaneous Electrostimulation [M0482191]

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y [M0001084]
A Y-shaped surgical anastomosis of any part of the digestive system which includes the small intestine as the eventual drainage site.

Anastomosis, Surgical [M0001085]
Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.

Anesthesia [M0001143]
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

Anesthesia and Analgesia [M0001145]

Anesthesia, Caudal [M0001149]
Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit [M0001150]
Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.

Anesthesia, Conduction [M0001151]

Anesthesia, Dental [M0001152]

Anesthesia, Epidural [M0001153]

Anesthesia, General [M0001154]

Anesthesia, Infiltration [M0001160]

Anesthesia, Inhalation [M0001155]
Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

Anesthesia, Intratracheal [M0001157]

Anesthesia, Intravenous [M0001158]

Anesthesia, Local [M0001159]
A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical [M0001162]

Anesthesia, Rectal [M0001164]

Anesthesia, Spinal [M0001165]

Angioplasty [M0026024]
Endovascular reconstruction of an artery, which may include the removal of atheromatous plaque and/or the endothelial lining as well as simple dilatation. These are procedures performed by catheterization. When reconstruction of an artery is performed surgically, it is called ENDARTERECTOMY.

Angioplasty, Balloon [M0001198]
Use of a balloon catheter for dilatation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of balloon dilatation in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, TRANSLUMINAL, PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY is available.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Laser-Assisted [M0026132]
Techniques using laser energy in combination with a balloon catheter to perform angioplasty. These procedures can take several forms including: 1, laser fiber delivering the energy while the inflated balloon centers the fiber and occludes the blood flow; 2, balloon angioplasty immediately following laser angioplasty; or 3, laser energy transmitted through angioplasty balloons that contain an internal fiber.

Angioplasty, Excimer Laser [M0026133]

Angioplasty, Laser [M0024977]
A technique utilizing a laser coupled to a catheter which is used in the dilatation of occluded blood vessels. This includes laser thermal angioplasty where the laser energy heats up a metal tip, and direct laser angioplasty where the laser energy directly ablates the occlusion. One form of the latter approach uses an excimer laser which creates microscopically precise cuts without thermal injury. When laser angioplasty is performed in combination with balloon angioplasty it is called laser-assisted balloon angioplasty (ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, LASER-ASSISTED).

Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary [M0024342]
Dilatation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore myocardial blood supply.

Angioscopic Surgical Procedures [M0332105]

Angioscopy [M0026609]
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery performed on the interior of blood vessels.

Anterior Temporal Lobectomy [M0416070]
A neurosurgical procedure that removes the anterior TEMPORAL LOBE including the medial temporal structures of CEREBRAL CORTEX; AMYGDALA; HIPPOCAMPUS; and the adjacent PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS. This procedure is generally used for the treatment of intractable temporal epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TEMPORAL LOBE).

Antibiotic Prophylaxis [M0028472]
Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications.

Antineoplastic Chemotherapy Protocols [M0369990]

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols [M0001485]
The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Antineoplastic Protocols [M0369661]
Clinical protocols used to inhibit the growth or spread of NEOPLASMS.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active [M0360830]
Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.

Antisepsis [M0001500]
The destruction of germs causing disease.

Apicoectomy [M0001587]
Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Appendectomy [M0001608]
Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Aromatherapy [M0028790]
The use of fragrances and essences from plants to affect or alter a person's mood or behavior and to facilitate physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The chemicals comprising essential oils in plants has a host of therapeutic properties and has been used historically in Africa, Asia, and India. Its greatest application is in the field of alternative medicine. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; from Dr. Atiba Vheir, Dove Center, Washington, D.C.)

Art Therapy [M0001728]
The use of art as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of neurological, mental, or behavioral disorders.

Arteriovenous Hemofiltration [M0010107]

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical [M0001739]
Surgical shunt allowing direct passage of blood from an artery to a vein. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Arthrodesis [M0001752]
The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Arthroplasty [M0001756]
Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion.

Arthroplasty, Replacement [M0029144]
Partial or total replacement of a joint.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Finger [M0477938]
Partial or total replacement of one or more FINGERS, or a FINGER JOINT.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip [M0029146]
Replacement of the hip joint.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee [M0029147]
Replacement of the knee joint.

Arthroscopic Surgical Procedures [M0332122]

Arthroscopy [M0001760]
Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint.

Artificial Feeding [M0027777]

Asepsis [M0001804]
The prevention of access by infecting organisms to the locus of potential infection.

Aspiration Lipectomy [M0023344]

Assisted Circulation [M0001879]
Pumping that aids the natural activity of the heart. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Atherectomy [M0025943]
Endovascular procedure in which atheromatous plaque is excised by a cutting or rotating catheter. It differs from balloon and laser angioplasty procedures which enlarge vessels by dilation but frequently do not remove much plaque. If the plaque is removed by surgical excision under general anesthesia rather than by an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called ENDARTERECTOMY.

Atherectomy, Coronary [M0026136]
Percutaneous transluminal procedure for removing atheromatous plaque from the coronary arteries. Both directional (for removing focal atheromas) and rotational (for removing concentric atheromatous plaque) atherectomy devices have been used.

Atkins Diet [M0476015]

Audioanalgesia [M0001955]

Auditory Brain Stem Implantation [M0415676]
Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (AUDITORY BRAIN STEM IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the cochlea nucleus in the BRAIN STEM rather than to the inner ear as in COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION.

Autogenic Training [M0001988]
Technique based on muscle relaxation during self-hypnotic exercises. It is used in conjunction with psychotherapy.

Autonomic Denervation [M0026849]
The removal or interruption of some part of the autonomic nervous system for therapeutic or research purposes.

Autonomic Nerve Block [M0002011]
Interruption of sympathetic pathways, by local injection of an anesthetic agent, at any of four levels: peripheral nerve block, sympathetic ganglion block, extradural block, and subarachnoid block.

Aversive Therapy [M0002021]
A treatment that suppresses undesirable behavior by simultaneously exposing the subject to unpleasant consequences.

Axotomy [M0029338]
Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival, toward an understanding of nervous system disease.

Balint Psychoanalytic Therapy [M0017993]

Ballistic Stretching [M0487894]
This uses the momentum of a moving body or a limb in an attempt to force it beyond its normal range of motion.

Balloon Dilatation [M0002157]
Nonoperative repair of occluded vessels, ducts, or valves by insertion of a balloon catheter. It is used, among other things, to treat varices, torn retinas, renal and biliary calculi, gastric, bronchial and rectal stenoses, and heart valves, and includes catheterization with Fogarty and Foley catheters.

Balloon Embolization [M0359410]

Balloon Occlusion [M0355066]
Use of a balloon catheter to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein.

Balloon Valvuloplasty [M0002158]

Balneology [M0002161]
Therapy by various hot or warm baths in natural mineral waters, spas, or "cures". It includes not only bathing in, but also drinking the waters, but it does not include whirlpool baths (HYDROTHERAPY).

Balneotherapy [M0002162]

Bariatric Surgery [M0472653]
Surgical procedures aimed at producing major WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with MORBID OBESITY.

Bariatrics [M0463560]
Activities related to WEIGHT REDUCTION in patients with OBESITY. Treatment methods include DIET; EXERCISE; BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION; medications; and BARIATRIC SURGERY.

Basic Cardiac Life Support [M0472519]

Baths [M0002228]
The immersion or washing of the body or any of its parts in water or other medium for cleansing or medical treatment. It includes bathing for personal hygiene as well as for medical purposes with the addition of therapeutic agents, such as alkalines, antiseptics, oil, etc.

Baths, Finnish [M0002229]
A steam bath in a small wooden room where water is thrown on a stove or rocks to create the steam. A cool bath or shower completes the treatment.

Baths, Sand [M0000988]

Bed Rest [M0002266]
Confinement of an individual to bed for therapeutic or experimental reasons.

Behavior Control [M0002284]
Manipulation of the behavior of persons or animals by biomedical, physical, psychological, or social means, including for nontherapeutic reasons.

Behavior Therapy [M0002286]
The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders.

Bibliotherapy [M0002461]
A form of supportive psychotherapy in which the patient is given carefully selected material to read.

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures [M0002493]
Any surgical procedure performed on the biliary tract.

Biliopancreatic Diversion [M0024338]
A surgical procedure which diverts pancreatobiliary secretions via the duodenum and the jejunum into the colon, the remaining small intestine being anastomosed to the stomach after antrectomy. The procedure produces less diarrhea than does jejunoileal bypass.

Billroth I Procedure [M0402509]
Gastroduodenostomy or anastomosis done between the stomach and the duodenum.

Billroth II Procedure [M0402510]
Gastrojejunostomy or anastomosis done between the stomach and the jejunum.

Biofeedback (Psychology) [M0002515]
Process by which a person uses biofeedback information to gain voluntary control over processes or functions which are primarily under autonomic control. It is used in experimental or treatment settings with human subjects. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Terms, 8th ed)

Biogenic Stimulators [M0021594]

Biological Therapy [M0002536]
Treatment of diseases with biological materials or biological response modifiers, such as the use of GENES; CELLS; TISSUES; organs; SERUM; VACCINES; and humoral agents.

Biomedical Enhancement [M0371893]
The use of technology-based interventions to improve functional capacities rather than to treat disease.

Blade Implantation [M0002637]
Insertion of an endosseous implant with a narrow wedge-shaped infrastructure extending through the oral mucosa into the mouth and bearing openings or vents through which tissue grows to obtain retention.

Blastocyst Transfer [M0380714]
The delayed transfer of embryos at the blastocyst stage provides a means to eliminate unhealthy embryos that do not develop normally. The selection and transfer of superior blastocysts reduces the need for multiple-embryo transfer and the risks of high-order multiple gestation.

Blepharoplasty [M0029521]
Plastic surgery of the eyelid. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Blood Component Removal [M0002686]
Any procedure in which blood is withdrawn from a donor, a portion is separated and retained and the remainder is returned to the donor.

Blood Component Transfusion [M0025739]
The transfer of blood components such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma from a donor to a recipient or back to the donor. This process differs from the procedures undertaken in PLASMAPHERESIS and types of CYTAPHERESIS; (PLATELETPHERESIS and LEUKAPHERESIS) where, following the removal of plasma or the specific cell components, the remainder is transfused back to the donor.

Blood Patch, Epidural [M0026127]
The injection of autologous blood into the epidural space either as a prophylactic treatment immediately following an epidural puncture or for treatment of headache as a result of an epidural puncture.

Blood Preservation [M0002705]
The process by which blood or its components are kept viable outside of the organism from which they are derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

Blood Transfusion [M0002721]
The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Blood Transfusion, Autologous [M0002722]
Reinfusion of blood or blood products derived from the patient's own circulation. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine [M0002723]
In utero transfusion of BLOOD into the FETUS for the treatment of FETAL DISEASES, such as fetal erythroblastosis (ERYTHROBLASTOSIS, FETAL).

Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation [M0029592]
Surgical insertion of synthetic or biological material to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.

Bone Lengthening [M0002782]
Increase in the longest dimension of a bone to correct anatomical deficiencies, congenital, traumatic, or as a result of disease. The lengthening is not restricted to long bones. The usual surgical methods are internal fixation and distraction.

Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation [M0450351]

Bone Marrow Purging [M0025151]
Techniques for the removal of subpopulations of cells (usually residual tumor cells) from the bone marrow ex vivo before it is infused. The purging is achieved by a variety of agents including pharmacologic agents, biophysical agents (laser photoirradiation or radioisotopes) and immunologic agents. Bone marrow purging is used in both autologous and allogeneic BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION.

Bone Marrow Transplantation [M0024503]
The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

Bone Transplantation [M0024502]
The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.

Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Graft [M0474588]
Fixation of the ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT, during surgical reconstruction, by the use of a bone- patellar tendon autograft.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy [M0025511]
A technique for the treatment of neoplasms, especially gliomas and melanomas in which boron-10, an isotope, is introduced into the target cells followed by irradiation with thermal neutrons.

Brachytherapy [M0002857]
A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues.

Brain Tissue Transplantation [M0025059]
Transference of brain tissue, either from a fetus or from a born individual, between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.

Breast Implantation [M0029603]
Surgical insertion of an inert sac filled with silicone or other material to augment the female form cosmetically.

Breast-Conserving Surgery [M0393768]

Breathing Exercises [M0002913]
Therapeutic exercises aimed to deepen inspiration or expiration or even to alter the rate and rhythm of respiration.

Bronchial Lavage [M0028254]

Bronchoalveolar Lavage [M0028253]
Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is very useful in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients.

Bronchoscopic Surgical Procedures [M0332203]

Callotasis [M0029476]

Caloric Restriction [M0396850]
Reduction in caloric intake without reduction in adequate nutrition. In experimental animals, caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan and enhance other physiological variables.

Cannulation [M0003665]

Capsulorhexis [M0029598]
The making of a continuous circular tear in the anterior capsule during cataract surgery in order to allow expression or phacoemulsification of the nucleus of the lens. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial [M0003455]
Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures [M0009971]
Surgery performed on the heart.

Cardiomyoplasty [M0027649]
An operation that uses stimulated latissimus dorsi muscle (SKELETAL MUSCLE VENTRICLE) to assist cardiac function. The latissimus dorsi muscle is mobilized from the chest wall and moved into the thorax through the bed of the resected 2nd or 3rd rib. The muscle is then wrapped around the left and right ventricles and stimulated to contract during cardiac systole by means of an implanted burst-stimulator. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Cardiopulmonary Bypass [M0003470]
Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation [M0025694]
The artificial substitution of heart and lung action as indicated for HEART ARREST resulting from electric shock, DROWNING, respiratory arrest, or other causes. The two major components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are artificial ventilation (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) and closed-chest CARDIAC MASSAGE.

Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures [M0020862]
Surgery performed on the heart or blood vessels.

Castration [M0003605]
Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.

Castration, Female [M0360933]
Surgical removal of both ovaries.

Castration, Male [M0015381]

Cataract Extraction [M0003631]
Surgical removal of a cataractous lens. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Catheter Ablation [M0026007]
Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a catheter. Energy sources are commonly direct current (DC-shock) or alternating current at radiofrequencies (usually 750 kHz). The technique is used most often to ablate the AV junction and/or accessory pathways in order to interrupt AV conduction and produce AV block in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias.

Catheter Ablation, Electric [M0026003]

Catheter Ablation, Percutaneous [M0026004]

Catheter Ablation, Radiofrequency [M0026005]

Catheter Ablation, Transvenous [M0026006]

Catheterization [M0003662]
Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.

Catheterization, Bronchial [M0003667]

Catheterization, Central Venous [M0003666]
Placement of an intravenous catheter in the subclavian, jugular, or other central vein for central venous pressure determination, chemotherapy, hemodialysis, or hyperalimentation.

Catheterization, Peripheral [M0003668]
Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Catheterization, Peripheral Arterial [M0003669]

Catheterization, Ureteral [M0022364]

Catheterization, Urethral [M0022365]

Cautery [M0003696]
The application of a caustic substance, a hot instrument, an electric current, or other agent to destroy tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Cecostomy [M0003710]
Surgical construction of an opening into the cecum with a tube through the abdominal wall (tube cecostomy) or by skin level approach, in which the cecum is sewn to the surrounding peritoneum. Its primary purpose is decompression of colonic obstruction.

Cell Therapy [M0021593]

Cell Transplantation [M0026755]
Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

Cementation [M0003795]
The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty for joining of the acetabular component to the femoral component). In dentistry, it is used for the process of attaching parts of a tooth or restorative material to a natural tooth or for the attaching of orthodontic bands to teeth by means of an adhesive.

Cerclage, Cervical [M0368120]
The surgical closure of the incompetent cervix uteri with suture material.

Cerebral Decortication [M0003880]
Partial or total removal, ablation, or destruction of the cerebral cortex; may be chemical. It is not used with animals that do not possess a cortex, i.e., it is used only with mammals.

Cerebral Revascularization [M0003890]
Microsurgical revascularization to improve intracranial circulation. It usually involves joining the extracranial circulation to the intracranial circulation but may include extracranial revascularization (e.g., subclavian-vertebral artery bypass, subclavian-external carotid artery bypass). It is performed by joining two arteries (direct anastomosis or use of graft) or by free autologous transplantation of highly vascularized tissue to the surface of the brain.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts [M0003909]
Tubes inserted to create communication between a cerebral ventricle and the internal jugular vein. Their emplacement permits draining of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus or other condition leading to fluid accumulation in the ventricles.

Cervical Esophagostomy [M0007760]

Cervical Manipulation [M0030036]

Cervical Ripening [M0029778]
A change in the CERVIX UTERI with respect to its readiness to relax. The cervix normally becomes softer, more flexible, more distensible, and shorter in the final weeks of PREGNANCY. These cervical changes can also be chemically induced (LABOR, INDUCED).

Cervicoplasty [M0446815]
Reconstructive surgical procedures in the NECK region to restore or improve form and function.

Cesarean Section [M0003948]
Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

Cesarean Section, Repeat [M0026677]
Extraction of the fetus by abdominal hysterotomy anytime following a previous cesarean.

Ch'i Kung [M0002915]

Chelation Therapy [M0024349]
Therapy of heavy metal poisoning using agents which sequester the metal from organs or tissues and bind it firmly within the ring structure of a new compound which can be eliminated from the body.

Chemexfoliation [M0004004]
Application of a cauterant to the skin for the purpose of causing a superficial destruction of the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis. After healing, the treated area has new epithelium.

Chemoembolization, Therapeutic [M0025147]
Administration of antineoplastic agents together with an embolizing vehicle. This allows slow release of the agent as well as obstruction of the blood supply to the neoplasm.

Chemoprevention [M0028249]
The use of chemical compounds to prevent the development of a specific disease.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant [M0025865]
Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion [M0016277]
Neoplasm drug therapy involving an extracorporeal circuit with temporary exclusion of the tumor-bearing area from the general circulation during which high concentrations of the drug are perfused to the isolated part.

Chest Wall Oscillation [M0407972]
A respiratory support system used to remove mucus and clear airway by oscillating pressure on the chest.

Child Health [M0004075]

Cholecystectomy [M0004231]
Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic [M0025954]
Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.

Cholecystostomy [M0004237]
Establishment of an opening into the gallbladder either for drainage or surgical communication with another part of the digestive tract, usually the duodenum or jejunum.

Choledochoduodenostomy [M0004238]

Choledochojejunostomy [M0004239]

Choledochostomy [M0004240]
Surgical formation of an opening (stoma) into the COMMON BILE DUCT for drainage or for direct communication with a site in the small intestine, primarily the DUODENUM or JEJUNUM.

Chronotherapy [M0028945]
The adaptation of drug administration to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.

Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced [M0477911]
A technique to arrest the flow of blood by lowering BODY TEMPERATURE to about 20 degrees Centigrade, usually achieved by infusing chilled perfusate. The technique provides a bloodless surgical field for complex surgeries.

Circumcision [M0494007]

Circumcision, Male [M0004504]
Excision of the prepuce of the penis (FORESKIN) or part of it.

Clamping [M0005048]

Clinical Protocols [M0004569]
Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regimen of therapy.

Clinical Research Protocol [M0004571]

Clinical Trial [Publication Type] [M0025119]
Work that is the report of a pre-planned clinical study of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques in humans selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. While most clinical trials concern humans, this publication type may be used for clinical veterinary articles meeting the requisites for humans. Specific headings for specific types and phases of clinical trials are also available.

Clinical Trial, Phase II [Publication Type] [M0026441]
Work that is a report of a pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficacy of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques based on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients, and conducted over a period of about two years in either the United States or a foreign country.

Clinical Trial, Phase IV [Publication Type] [M0026443]
Work that is a report of a planned post-marketing study of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques that have been approved for general sale after clinical trials, phases I, II, and III. These studies, conducted in the United States or a foreign country, often garner additional data about the safety and efficacy of a product.

Clinical Trials [M0004572]
Pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

Clinical Trials, Phase II [M0026306]
Studies that are usually controlled to assess the effectiveness and dosage (if appropriate) of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques. These studies are performed on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients with the target disease or disorder, and last about two years. This concept includes phase II studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.

Clinical Trials, Phase IV [M0026314]
Planned post-marketing studies of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques that have been approved for general sale. These studies are often conducted to obtain additional data about the safety and efficacy of a product. This concept includes phase IV studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.

Cochlear Implantation [M0029604]
Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (COCHLEAR IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the COCHLEAR NERVE in the inner ear to create sound sensation in patients with residual nerve fibers.

Code Blue [M0025697]

Cognitive Therapy [M0024374]
A direct form of psychotherapy based on the interpretation of situations (cognitive structure of experiences) that determine how an individual feels and behaves. It is based on the premise that cognition, the process of acquiring knowledge and forming beliefs, is a primary determinant of mood and behavior. The therapy uses behavioral and verbal techniques to identify and correct negative thinking that is at the root of the aberrant behavior.

Coitus Interruptus [M0004730]
A contraceptive method whereby coitus is purposely interrupted in order to prevent EJACULATION of SEMEN into the VAGINA.

Colectomy [M0004737]
Excision of a portion of the colon or of the whole colon. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Collapse Therapy [M0004793]
Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis whereby the lung is totally or partially, temporarily or permanently, immobilized. The procedure was based on the popular concept that collapsing the affected portion of a tuberculous lung allowed the infected area to rest and thereby recover. At the beginning of the 20th century artificially induced pneumothorax (PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL) was popular. Later a variety of other techniques was used to encourage collapse of the infected portion of the lung: unilateral phrenic nerve division, PNEUMONOLYSIS, pneumoperitoneum (PNEUMOPERITONEUM, ARTIFICIAL), and THORACOPLASTY. Collapse therapy has declined since the advent of antitubercular chemotherapy. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Sabiston Jr, Textbook of Surgery, 14th ed, p1733-4)

Collis Gastroplasty [M0023715]

Colonoscopic Surgical Procedures [M0332288]

Colonoscopy [M0004820]
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.

Color Therapy [M0025195]
A form of phototherapy using color to influence health and to treat various physical or mental disorders. The color rays may be in the visible or invisible spectrum and can be administered through colored lights or applied mentally through suggestion.

Colostomy [M0004838]
The surgical creation of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Colposcopic Surgical Procedures [M0332291]

Colposcopy [M0004840]
The examination, therapy or surgery of the cervix and vagina by means of a specially designed endoscope introduced vaginally.

Colpotomy [M0328009]
An incision in the vagina.

Coma Therapy, Insulin [M0005140]

Combined Modality Therapy [M0004847]
The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

Complementary Therapies [M0381156]
Therapeutic practices which are not currently considered an integral part of conventional allopathic medical practice. They may lack biomedical explanations but as they become better researched some (PHYSICAL THERAPY MODALITIES; DIET; ACUPUNCTURE) become widely accepted whereas others (humors, radium therapy) quietly fade away, yet are important historical footnotes. Therapies are termed as Complementary when used in addition to conventional treatments and as Alternative when used instead of conventional treatment.

Conscious Sedation [M0024899]
An alternative to general anesthesia in patients for whom general anesthesia is refused or considered inadvisable. It involves the administering of an antianxiety drug (minor tranquilizer) and an analgesic or local anesthetic. This renders the patient free of anxiety and pain while allowing the patient to remain in verbal contact with the physician or dentist.

Constriction [M0005047]
The act of constricting.

Contact Laser Ablation of Prostate [M0408745]

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure [M0448360]
A technique of respiratory therapy, in either spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated patients, in which airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure throughout the respiratory cycle by pressurization of the ventilatory circuit. (On-Line Medical Dictionary [Internet]. Newcastle upon Tyne(UK): The University Dept. of Medical Oncology: The CancerWEB Project; c1997-2003 [cited 2003 Apr 17]. Available from: http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/)

Contraception [M0005076]
Prevention of CONCEPTION by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently (STERILIZATION, REPRODUCTIVE). Common means of reversible contraception include NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS; or CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES.

Contraception, Barrier [M0005075]
Methods of contraception in which physical, chemical, or biological means are used to prevent the SPERM from reaching the fertilizable OVUM.

Contraception, Immunologic [M0005097]
Contraceptive methods based on immunological processes and techniques, such as the use of CONTRACEPTIVE VACCINES.

Contraception, Postcoital [M0005082]
Means of postcoital intervention to avoid pregnancy, such as the administration of POSTCOITAL CONTRACEPTIVES to prevent FERTILIZATION of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg (OVUM IMPLANTATION).

Controlled Clinical Trial [Publication Type] [M0028202]
Work consisting of a clinical trial involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. The treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. Control measures include placebos, active medicine, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. When randomization using mathematical techniques, such as the use of a random numbers table, is employed to assign patients to test or control treatments, the trial is characterized as a RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL [PUBLICATION TYPE].

Controlled Clinical Trials [M0028203]
Clinical trials involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. The treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. Control measures include placebos, active medicines, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. When randomization using mathematical techniques, such as the use of a random numbers table, is employed to assign patients to test or control treatments, the trials are characterized as RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS.

Convulsive Therapy [M0005139]
Convulsions induced in order to treat MENTAL DISORDERS. It is used primarily in the treatment of severe affective disorders and SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Cooke Method [M0020502]

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation [M0403463]
Transplantation of STEM CELLS collected from the fetal blood remaining in the UMBILICAL CORD and the PLACENTA after delivery. Included are the HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.

Cordotomy [M0004334]
Any operation on the spinal cord. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Corneal Transplantation [M0024520]
Partial or total replacement of the cornea from one human or animal to another.

Cornual Coagulation [M0020503]

Coronary Artery Bypass [M0001560]
Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.

Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump [M0457906]
Coronary artery bypass surgery on a beating HEART without a CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS (diverting the flow of blood from the heart and lungs through an oxygenator).

Cosmetic Reconstructive Surgical Procedures [M0328962]

Cosmetic Techniques [M0005227]
Procedures for the improvement or enhancement of the appearance of the visible parts of the body.

Counseling [M0005260]
The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems.

Counterpulsation [M0024344]
A technique for assisting the circulation by decreasing the afterload of the left ventricle and augmenting the diastolic pressure. It may be achieved by intra-aortic balloon, or by implanting a special pumping device in the chest, or externally by applying a negative pressure to the lower extremities during cardiac systole.

Counterpulsation, External [M0024345]

Couples Therapy [M0029031]
Psychotherapy used specifically for unmarried couples, of mixed or same sex. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

Cranial Irradiation [M0025049]
The exposure of the head to roentgen rays or other forms of radioactivity for therapeutic or preventive purposes.

Craniosacral Massage [M0377499]
Cerebrospinal fluid flow stimulation by massage of the head and spine. Developed by William Sutherland in the early 1900's.

Craniotomy [M0005290]
Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Crisis Intervention [M0005329]
Brief therapeutic approach which is ameliorative rather than curative of acute psychiatric emergencies. Used in contexts such as emergency rooms of psychiatric or general hospitals, or in the home or place of crisis occurrence, this treatment approach focuses on interpersonal and intrapsychic factors and environmental modification. (APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 7th ed)

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing [M0005330]

Crown Lengthening [M0025258]
Technique combining controlled eruptive tooth movement and incision of the supracrestal gingival attachment to allow for proper restoration of a destroyed or damaged crown of a tooth. Controlled eruption of the tooth is obtained using ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES. During this eruptive phase, repeated incisions are made at the junctional epithelium of the sulcus and the supracrestal connective tissue to prevent coronal displacement of the gingiva and of the attachment apparatus.

Cryoanesthesia [M0010945]
ANESTHESIA achieved by lowering either BODY TEMPERATURE (core cooling) or SKIN TEMPERATURE (external cooling).

Cryosurgery [M0005380]
The use of freezing as a special surgical technique to destroy or excise tissue.

Cryotherapy [M0026736]
A form of therapy consisting in the local or general use of cold. The selective destruction of tissue by extreme cold or freezing is CRYOSURGERY. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Culdoscopic Surgical Procedures [M0332311]

Curettage [M0005423]
A scraping, usually of the interior of a cavity or tract, for removal of new growth or other abnormal tissue, or to obtain material for tissue diagnosis. It is performed with a curet (curette), a spoon-shaped instrument designed for that purpose. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Dorland, 27th ed)

Cystectomy [M0023991]
Used for excision of the urinary bladder.

Cystoscopic Surgical Procedures [M0332314]

Cystostomy [M0005561]
Surgical creation of an opening (stoma) in the URINARY BLADDER for drainage.

Cystotomy [M0495743]
Surgical incision or puncture into a URINARY BLADDER. Cystotomy may be used to remove URINARY CALCULI, or to perform tissue repair and reconstruction.

Cytapheresis [M0024801]
Separation of one or more kinds of cells from whole blood with the return of other blood cell constituents to the patient or donor. This is accomplished with an instrument that uses centrifugation to separate the cells into different layers based on the differences in cell density (displacement) or drag coefficients in a current (elutriation). The procedure is commonly used in adoptive transfer to isolate NK cells, lymphocytes, or monocytes.

Dacryocystorhinostomy [M0005641]
Surgical fistulization of the lacrimal sac for external drainage of an obstructed nasolacrimal duct.

Dacryocystostomy [M0005642]

Dance Therapy [M0005651]
The use of dancing for therapeutic purposes.

Debridement [M0005708]
The removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Decompression, Surgical [M0028731]
A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Decontamination [M0005737]
The removal of contaminating material, such as radioactive materials, biological materials, or CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, from a person or object.

Deep Brain Stimulation [M0455156]
Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously.

Delivery, Obstetric [M0411274]
Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.

Denervation [M0005830]
The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Dental Bonding [M0002764]

Dental Burnishing [M0005913]

Dental Care [M0005850]
The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).

Dental Casting Technique [M0005860]
The process of producing a form or impression made of metal or plaster using a mold.

Dental Cavity Lining [M0005862]
An inner coating, as of varnish or other protective substance, to cover the dental cavity wall. It is usually a resinous film-forming agent dissolved in a volatile solvent, or a suspension of calcium hydroxide in a solution of a synthetic resin. The lining seals the dentinal tubules and protects the pulp before a restoration is inserted. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

Dental Cavity Preparation [M0005864]
An operation in which carious material is removed from teeth and biomechanically correct forms are established in the teeth to receive and retain restorations. A constant requirement is provision for prevention of failure of the restoration through recurrence of decay or inadequate resistance to applied stresses. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239-40)

Dental Debonding [M0025840]
Techniques used for removal of bonded orthodontic appliances, restorations, or fixed dentures from teeth.

Dental Etching [M0000207]
Preparation of TOOTH surfaces, and of materials bonded to teeth or DENTAL IMPLANTS, with agents and methods which roughen the surface to facilitate adhesion. Agents include phosphoric or other acids (ACID ETCHING, DENTAL) and methods include LASERS.

Dental High-Speed Technique [M0005887]

Dental Implantation [M0005889]
The grafting or inserting of a prosthetic device of alloplastic material into the oral tissue beneath the mucosal or periosteal layer or within the bone. Its purpose is to provide support and retention to a partial or complete denture.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous [M0005890]
Insertion of an implant into the bone of the mandible or maxilla. The implant has an exposed head which protrudes through the mucosa and is a prosthodontic abutment.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Endodontic [M0005893]
Insertion of a tapered rod through the root canal into the periapical osseous structure to lengthen the existing root and provide individual tooth stabilization.

Dental Implantation, Subperiosteal [M0024912]
The grafting or inserting of an appliance designed to fit over the surface of the mandible or the maxilla, beneath the specialized connective tissue that covers the bone (periosteum).

Dental Impression Technique [M0005895]
Procedure of producing an imprint or negative likeness of the teeth and/or edentulous areas. Impressions are made in plastic material which becomes hardened or set while in contact with the tissue. They are later filled with plaster of Paris or artificial stone to produce a facsimile of the oral structures present. Impressions may be made of a full complement of teeth, of areas where some teeth have been removed, or in a mouth from which all teeth have been extracted. (Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)

Dental Polishing [M0005912]
Creation of a smooth and glossy surface finish on a denture or amalgam.

Dental Prophylaxis [M0005916]
Treatment for the prevention of periodontal diseases or other dental diseases by the cleaning of the teeth in the dental office using the procedures of DENTAL SCALING and DENTAL POLISHING. The treatment may include plaque detection, removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus, application of caries-preventing agents, checking of restorations and prostheses and correcting overhanging margins and proximal contours of restorations, and checking for signs of food impaction.

Dental Prosthesis Coloring [M0026889]